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National survey finds publishers will cooperate, print critical findings despite their disapproval of local, state and national councils.

MONEY, SAID BY cynics to be one of the two things that make the world go round, colored almost every story that appeared on the front pages of Japanese newspapers during 1974. So pervasive was the influence of money that the public adopted the term for "plutocracy" to describe Japan's current affairs-kinken seiji, or "power-of-money politics." To take a few examples, the oil crisis of 1973 turned into the oil price crisis of 1974, affecting every aspect of the Japanese economy and fueling one of the highest rates of inflation in the world. The Japanese responded by trying to improve their relations with the Arabs, which resulted in pledges of loans and grants to middle eastern nations worth more than $3 billion. In April, Japan concluded its long-delayed air transport agreement with China, but Taiwan retaliated by ending landing rights for Japan Air Lines in Taipei, thereby cutting off the airline's second most lucrative route. In the spring the trade unions carried out "semi-general" strikes that led to wage increases of around 32% (which, added to last year's hike, meant that wages had gone up by more than 50% in two years, threatening, if it continues in 1975, to end Japan's international competitiveness). The July 7 election for the upper house of the Diet saw the most blatant application of money-power politics in recent memory, but it proved to be an instance that backfired against Prime Minister Tanaka and the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP). In October, the Japanese were confused by the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to former prime minister Sate, until the press explained that large sums had changed hands in order to bring Sata's case to the attention of the Nobel committee. Finally, the November issue of Bungei shunjF2 published a 61-page "investigative report," patterned after those that had accompanied the Watergate scandals in the United States, on Prime Minister Tanaka's personal fortune. As the year ended, Tanaka's apparent financial irregularities, demands for reform within the conservative party, and an increase in voter alienation from all political parties combined to force Tanaka's resignation. Money, while it will doubtless continue to play a role in the Japanese political process, thus brought to Japan the political instability that has plagued most of the other open, democratic societies in recent years.'

Word messages had more impact than pictures but both iconicity and sensationalism related to evaluative-ethical and interest-virality ratings

IT IS seldom that the daily press pro vides wholesale opportunities to illustrate applications of mathematics. Neverthe less, the current advertisements on com pounded-interest returns do just that. The 11 July 1973 issue of the New York Times contained fourteen such advertisements (some were full page) that occupied 16,640 square centimeters (over 2,500 square inches) of newspaper space. Other news papers over the country no doubt con tained similar amounts of advertising to inform people of the significance of the new practice of daily, hourly, and con tinuous (instantaneous) compounding of interest. These advertisements showed almost unheard-of high rates of interest for vari ous types of deposits or certificates. Com putations of semiannual compounding of interest are challenging enough for paper and-pencil calculations, but the compu tations of daily, hourly, or continuous compounding of interest are even more difficult. They call for more specialized methods available only to specialized personnel, including mathematics teachers. Since these unusually high interest re turns are bound to attract the attention and curiosity of both parents and stu dents, teachers have at present an unusual opportunity to be of genuine service in explaining a topic that is relevant to every citizen's pocketbook. Topics associated with calculations of compound-interest amounts are the fol lowing

Censorship has always been a problem for English teachers and librarians. But censorship today seems more ubiquitous and commonplace than ever before in the history of American secondary schools. Headlines announcing or suggesting censorship are so common that only rarely can an English teacher or librarian read the newspaper for even a week without encountering several such headilnes or letters to the editor as the following

The author presents data and illustrative excerpts from 1,000 letters relating to health and personal concerns that were sent to his column in a college newspaper. There were 532 letters expressing sexual concerns, 65 percent of which raised questions about anatomy and physiology. A comparison of the distribution of problems of sexual dysfunction in this study with that of an earlier study involving older patients showed very different distributions. The author points out the need for sex counseling and education for young people who are sexually active and discusses the unique problems involved in treating this population.

Co-owner of Boston Gazette was more than merely a printer. Heplayed major role in formation of Sons of Liberty and kept paper in forefront of anti- British activity

IT IS OF PRIME IMPORTANCE that our populace become aware of the critical need for maintenance of a healthy environment. The average citizen may sometimes become frustrated simply because he is disenchanted with the very technical aspects of maintaining a clean environment and feels that he is only one individual who can accomplish little as an independent fighter against pollution. This is the attitude which must and can be changed. Each individual must realize that he can do his part in working toward a better environment. When the average citizen feels that his small part complements all the other "small parts" of all the other average citizens, we can present a unified front against the enemy. If our country is to maintain a balanced ecosystem and remain ecologically stable, we must begin to think about what our future environment will be. If we are keeping the future in mind, then a logical place to initiate respect and concern for the environment is with the guardians of our future-the youth in the schools. Four years ago I initiated in my biology classes a student group called S.T.O.P.-Students To Overcome Pollution. The main purpose of this group is to help inform the community about the environment. We began as a small group of about 40 members, and our major activity was an "Environmental Carnival," held for the first two years of our existence in a local car dealer's showroom. Since then, S.T.O.P. has grown so much that we're a household word in many homes in the area. The recycling of newspaper has become a very productive activity for S.T.O.P. Since November 1971, when we began our recycling program, we have collected over 400 tons of newspaper. Through a tremendous com~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Ar i X*w;.

This article presents in concrete detail a complete description of the ideal full journalism curriculum. It starts with a competent instructor, says this writer, who was named Journalism Teacher of the Year in 1972 by the Newspaper Fund, Inc.

There is a well-established notion among Irish and British historians that local self-government began in Ireland in 1898, when the Local Government Act created the system of elective county councils to replace the old grand jury system in the government of the counties. The grand juries, it is well-known, were instruments of the Irish “landed interest”—the gentry and aristocracy—whose dominance over these bodies was protected by a rigid system of property qualifications and appointing procedures that admitted only trustworthy landowners to the jury seats. Since only the juries were empowered to levy and expend the county tax known as the “cess,” they were therefore also able to dominate the lesser county authorities, the county and baronial presentment sessions, through control of the purse. When the 1898 act abolished this aristocratic system and replaced it with a new system of representative county and district councils, the result was ade factotransfer of power in local government from the old landowning class to the peasantry. This view, which was first promoted by the founders of the 1898 act, has been repeated by numerous historians since then, and for lack of evidence to the contrary it prevails today.Willian O'Brien, the nationalist M.P. and editor of the Parnellite newspaperUnited Ireland, might well have disputed this view if he were alive today. As a practicing politician who understood well the ways in which power can be exercised, he was more inclined to look at the practical operations of public bodies rather than their constitutions to determine which party held the real power. In hisRecollections, which were published in 1905, O'Brien reminisced about the turbulent years of the great “land war” of 1879-1882 and recalled how, in 1882, that historic struggle between Irish landlord and tenant for control of the soil focused for a time in a struggle for control of the Irish boards of guardians, the 163 bodies which administered the Irish poor law in the localities.

Upward mobility was virtually impossible in 19th century Russia but this journalist proved an exception to the rule.

After selectively reviewing the literature related to the efforts of churches, universities, and regional planning organizations to enhance development or reduce poverty, this paper examined the participation of 749 poor household heads residing in the Ozarks in formal organizations and in selected leisure-time activities. Results indicated that most of the rural poor not only belonged to a church but also attended at least occasionally. They also indicated that most of the rural poor engaged in the following activities at least occasionally: listened to the radio or watched television, visited with friends and relatives, and read a newspaper. These results and others reported in the literature suggested that various leadership-building approaches could likely be more effectively used by existing development-oriented structures to reach and involve the poor and the non-poor in problem-solving or other development-related activities.

Centuries ago the idea that "a little child shall lead them" was put forth at the beginning of the Christian era, and from time to time a "children's crusade" seemed to demonstrate that this was no passing notion. Today children in their teens-perhaps beginning with Catcher in the Rye-are trying to "tell it like it is," while even younger children can be seen in groups marching for peace. In Children of Crisis Dr. Robert Coles described eloquently how little black children courageously coped with the rejection, threats, taunts, and physical assaults confronting them on entrance into previously lily white schools. In Thirty Six Children Herbert Kohl illustrates with vivid quotations the forthright descriptions of their slum neighborhoods by sixth grade children. From time to time newspapers report children's activities in helping younger ones to learn, cleaning up their slum block, raising money for New York's neediest. But all of these did not prepare the country for the teenage hippies, with their search for peace, sincerity, and love in the pattern of early Christianity, or the mass gatherings-as at a Mecca-at Woodstock for music, at Washington for the Peace Moratorium-teenagers who quietly told about how "beautiful" it was, what a good feeling to be there, all together. Gardner Murphy Professor of Psychology Henry March Pfeiffer Research Training Chair in Psychiatry The Menninger Foundation

A surprisingly frank letter from Francisco I. Madero, political figurehead of the Mexican Revolution of 1910, to New York publisher William Randolph Hearst casts new light on the difficult question of when Madero finally opted for revolution to topple the 35-year dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz (1876-1911).The letter was dated April 25, 1911, when Madero was with insurrectionary troops fighting at Ciudad Juárez. It contained Madero's responses to some written questions on his role in the Revolution submitted by Hearst through Sonunerfield, an American consular official in Mexico. Madero's answers were to form the basis for a news story in the Hearst newspapers.

Advertised food specials may be deceptive to consumers who mistake the advertised prices as reduced prices. Of all the advertised food specials examined in this research, at least 13 percent and as many as 25 percent of those advertised in newspapers were not reduced in price.

Do shoppers necessarily equate “reduced in price” with “advertised in newspaper?” In addition, what are the effects of the following variables on price perception of advertised food items: regular or reduced price, prominent or nonprominent display of product in an advertisement, frequent or infrequent advertising of the product, and type of product, i.e. meats, staples, canned goods, and produce. A total of 226 personal interviews were conducted as a basis for the research. For well-known and commonly purchased products which were the focus of the study, respondents did not assume that advertised items were reduced in price. However, particularly meaningful insights were generated via the analysis of infra-advertisement influences. Analysis of intra-advertisement influences on price perception accuracy confirmed that shoppers learn how to read an advertisement and any deviation from the “rules” lowers their perceptual accuracy. As a result, constructing an advertisement for deceptive purposes me...

RECENT EVENTS IN IRELAND have led to a revival of interest in Brendan Behan's Hostage. The accidental topicality of the play is reflected in the use of current newspaper headlines to advertise a recent presentation of the play by Theatre Calgary, Alberta. Unfortunately, the only version of the play which is widely known, the Joan Littlewood production of the late fifties when the I.R.A. was something of a joke, is now in rather bad taste. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to An Giall,the restrained and almost forgotten tragi-comedy in Irish by Behan on which The Hostage is based.

This study describes how the body image of Abraham Lincoln was perceived by him and others and how it was manipulated to sway public opinion. Data found in speeches, letters, newspaper accounts, political cartoons, and other documentary sources reveal that Lincoln perceived himself as being tall, lean, strong, physically fit, and skilled, but not handsome. Both he and his associates assign symbolic meaning to his physical structure and prowess to communicate pertinent political messages to the electorate.

American Indian literature useful to the speech scholar and performer may be found in newspapers, magazines, journals, and diaries of the past and the present.

Soviet policy towar

For both a I965 and a 1967 an ti- war demonstration, hawk papers gave smaller crowd estimates than did dove papers. Dgferences stem from use of different sources

In connection with an extensive health education project in Finland, the so-called North Karelia Project, a pretest program was carried out with the object of studying the relative effectiveness of three different channels as disseminators of a nutrition education leaflet addressed to housewives. A total of 256 20–49-year-old housewives were interviewed in the investigation. The telephone interview method was shown to be suitable for this type of information acquisition despite the problems arising in telephone number sampling. Statistically significant differences were noted between the channels used. Almost half of the leaflets taken home from school by pupils failed to reach the housewife, whereas the loss rate in cases where the leaflet was sent as a circular letter or as a supplement to the local newspaper was below 30%. Although the majority of all those who received the leaflet said that they had read it, only a quarter of these could be said to have familiarized themselves with the contents of the leaflet. There was only a weak correlation between background variables and reading of the leaflet or recall of its contents. The results indicate that the efficacy of distributing single educational leaflets is questionable, but the use of leaflets could be defended as part of a largescale information campaign.