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When electrical stimulation is applied to the ventromedial hypothalamic zone one observes an increase in systemic blood pressure. There also occur blood pressure variations in the isolated femoral circuit: two distinct phenomena were observed. The early event, being either an increase or a decrease in peripheral resistance, is directly related to the amount of noradrenaline produced locally. The late event is due to catecholamines arriving from the general circulation. Inhibition of local catecholamine release through the baroreceptor reflex and inhibition of ganglionic transmission by a large and sudden increase in adrenaline blood levels do influence the response in the isolated femoral circuit. Moreover the peripheral vasomotor tonus seems to be influenced by yet another mechanism, independent of local catecholamine release. This delicate mechanism depends on the balance between the degree of excitation of hypothalamic pressor (medial) and depressor (lateral) zones.

Twenty-one Ss were exposed to pressures to conform in an Asch-type situation employing logical syllogisms as test materials. Ss erred on 49% of the items, while 15 control Ss erred on 0.5% of the items. The results were interpreted in terms of the effects of anxiety on logical thought processes.

IMMUNOLOGICAL reactions depend for their completeness on at least two different populations of lymphocytes, one derived from the bone marrow and the other from the thymus (B and T cells). B lymphocytes, precursors of the antibody-forming cells of vertebrates, are recognised in vitro by two characteristic reactions: surface fluorescence with antisera to immunoglobulins1and rosette formation with red cells sensitised with some components of complement2. Since the cells that show surface immunofluorescence are retained on columns of beads coated with antibodies to immunoglobulins3, surface fluorescence is generally interpreted to mean that immunoglobulins are present on the surface of B lymphocytes4.

In Holland, the one-side treatment (simultaneous paired comparison method, Sulzberger)* had already been applied before World War I (Siemens, 1938, 1939).4,5 Especially, attention has been paid to the clinical application of this method (Siemens, 1952, 1958).6-8 In other countries, however, scientists hardly considered this kind of research, in spite of the fact that Sulzberger has frequently pointed out the importance of the method (Sulzberger, 1940, 1946, and other places).10,11 This is the reason why Askovitz' investigations (1958)1 have drawn our special attention. In his study a changed statistical evaluation of the results of the paired comparisons has been proposed. Askovitz' argumentation for this changed evaluation is briefly the following: Very often in paired comparison testing, patients are recorded "in whom the response to the new drug is no different clinically from the response to treatment with a blank control." The number, ND, of these patients in whom

IN spite of the overwhelming evidence for the essential roles of the prothoracic glands in the synthesis of moulting hormone and the regulation of insect moulting and development1–3, several instances of moulting without prothoracic glands have been reported, either by extirpation (Galleria mellonella4and Periplaneta americana5) or by ligation (Tenebrio molitor6and Dermestes vulpinus7). Little experimental evidence is available to elucidate the significance of this phenomenon. We report here a similar moulting phenomenon observed in the Colorado beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say), and demonstrate that the isolated abdomen of this species can produce moulting hormone and moult in the absence of the prothoracic glands.

DURING investigations on the physiological relations between the pine looper, Bupalus piniarius L. (Lep. Geometridae), and its parasite Carcelia obesa Zett. (Dipt. Tachinidae), some interesting facts were discovered, which so far as we know have not hitherto been described.