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The first utilization of LPE for large scale production is for GaP light emitting diodes (LED's). In this paper we compare various approaches to multislice LPE and techniques of junction formation from the standpoint of LED fabriaction. A new technique involving a combination of thin melt epitaxy and vapor doping is emphasized as a method which is compatible with economic large scale production and state-of-the-art device performance. A detailed account of the growth procedure, surface quality and device performance is presented for a laboratory-prototype mass production system for green LED material.

Two contrasting models, factory and service, are developed from general systems theory and used to describe the college production process. Issues explored in terms of the models are: open admissio...

The purpose of this treatise is to analyze the regional structure of the medical instrument industry in Tokyo, which is one of the typical small industries.The production center of the medical instrument industry in Japan is Tokyo, with about one half of the country's production. The majority of makers are very small in scale and employ 29 workers or less.Medical instruments are of many kinds and the users are widely dispersed. However, the wholesalers, mostly located in Bunkyo Ward (Central Tokyo), have an overwhelming control of the market, and with their control of distribution, they have power over the manufacturers.Under the control of the wholesalers, the majority of the medical instrument makers are located in Bunkyo Ward and extends into Arakawa Ward, Sumida Ward in the eastern district of the Keihin Industrial Area.The makers are tightly and functionally connected with the wholesalers.In this concentrated area, there are various kinds of subcontractors that form the bottom structure of the areal production system of the medical instrument industry in Tokyo.

The planning of production, inventories, and work force at an aggregate level to respond to fluctuating demands on a production system has received substantial theoretical treatment in the literature for several years. However, widespread implementation of the available analytical techniques has not occurred. The objectives of this research are to explore this implementation problem: (1) by developing a simulation model of an operating firm, (2) by using this simulation to compare the performance of aggregate production planning models, and (3) by formulating a generalized methodology for implementing quantitative planning models into the decision procedures of operating firms.

Through the years the art of aircraft control has progressed from the use of fundamental human observations that restricted operations to contact conditions, to modern flight instrumentation that permits the precise control of modern high speed, high performance aircraft under very restricted ceiling and visibility weather conditions. The story of improved flight instrumentation in this paper includes the evolutionary trend toward more stringent control requirements which has pointed up the limitations of pure human response and resulted in a philosophy that a system capable of greater accuracy must, in addition to providing a fine degree of instrumentation, take human characteristics into consideration. Through a discussion of the symbolic and pictorial approaches to providing the ideal flight instrumentation, the present trend toward combining the two approaches is explained and the features of a production system incorporating these modern concepts is described.

Abstract In the operation of the Wildcat Hills field and plant, modifications have been carried out to increase the maximum throughput, increase the efficiency of the sulphur recovery, decrease the chemical consumption, and decrease downtime and operational and maintenance costs, while maintaining or increasing the safety throughout the operation. Many bottlenecks in plant equipment have been successfully removed with small additional costs, and these, along with operational techniques and methods of control, have increased the capacity and the efficiency of parts of the gas treating system by approximately 30 per cent. Also by proving gas treating and the selection of catalysts, the capacity of the sulphur plant has been increased by approximately 15 per cent. The purpose of this article is to describe the general operation and discuss some of the ways in which many of the problem areas were studied and improved.

SUMMARY This paper presents a conceptual framework towards the development of a mathematical model of a production system. The framework is functional, and it is designed to permit a rational mathematical formulation of the transient and steady state operation of production systems. The boundaries and nature of a generalized production system are defined with reference to the organization system and environmental systems. The sub-systems and component functions of the production system are then defined and classified in terms of trees, stages, streams, levels, and components. The dimensions and units necessary for a quantitative analysis of the streams, levels, and components are defined. The types of mathematical relationships pertinent in defining the system operating functions are described and typical resulting equations presented

Two problems involving the assignment of men to jobs, in a production system with parallel lines, to maximize the steady state system production rate are studied. In the first, in which a man's production rate is independent of the line to which he is assigned, a simple rule “group the fastest men in the same line” is shown to be optimal. In the second, in which production rates are dependent on the production line, an algorithm is developed to obtain a solution.

SUMMARY The object of this paper is two-fold. First, an attempt has been made to show that under certain specific circumstances a livestock production system can be raised to a higher level of output by slaughtering some of the animals. Second, it has been then shown that given a free say to exchange and clearly defined preference scales of the consuming coalitions, this policy is strongly Pareto-wise optimal. Finally the attention is drawn to the relevance of the policy to the problem of scarcity of food in India. It is suggested that India could do well by slaughtering of its animal population.

The development of the railroad zone between Moscow and Leningrad is proposed with the view of forming a territorial-production system based on the main transport artery. The present urban places along the rail line are examined from the point of view of locational potential for industrial development, and the most promising places are identified. Suitable industrial plants for these places should not be selected in isolation, but with the aim of integrating the entire railroad zone as a territorial-production system and limiting further growth of the Moscow and Leningrad agglomerations by easing the industrial load on these urban centers.

The effect of concentrate feed supplementation, healthcare and season on dry matter and nitrogen apparent digestibility and growth performance of sheep were investigated in the smallholder production system. A total of 819 sheep belonging to 36 smallholder farmers were studied. Animals in each pen were randomly assigned to one of 2 feeding regimes. The first regime (control) was grazing and crop residues supplementation (75 g DM/d). In the second regime, sheep were treated as in first and given an additional package of concentrate feed (180 g DM/d) plus orthodox prophylactic and curative healthcare. Dry matter and nitrogen apparent digestibility and growth performance of animals were determined seasonally. The dry matter intake among animals on concentrate supplementation was higher (P

SUMMARYTwo experiments were conducted to study the effect of type of cereal and time of weaning on the performance and voluntary intake of lambs.In the first experiment 20 early-weaned entire male lambs were given diets ad libitum during the fattening period from 15 to 40 kg live weight. The diets were based on either kibbled maize or rolled barley. A high feed efficiency and growth rate were achieved with both diets and differences between them were not statistically significant. The growth rates were 428 and 430 g/day. The cold carcass weights at 40 kg live weight were 19·0 and 19·9 kg and the conversion ratios of dry matter to live-weight gain were 2·33 and 2·22 for the rolled barley and kibbled maize diets respectively.In the second experiment a comparison was made of the performance of 36 sets of twin lambs, one of each set being weaned at either 6, 13 or 20 weeks of age and the other being left to suck the ewe outdoors. The lambs weaned at 6 weeks had better conversions of dry matter to live-weight gain than lambs weaned at 13 and 20 weeks. The respective conversions of dry matter to live-weight gain were 3·36, 5·64 and 5·52. The lambs weaned at either 13 or 20 weeks had a greater weight at weaning, a greater growth check at weaning and a lower rate of feed intake.

Two dynamic economic lot size production systems are analyzed in this paper, the first being a single product model with backlogging and the second a multi-echelon model. In each model the objective is to find a production schedule that minimizes the total production and inventory costs. A key conceptual difficulty is that the mathematically perplexing problem of minimizing a concave function is being considered. It is shown that both models are naturally represented via single source networks. The network formulations reveal the underlying structure of the models, and facilitate development of efficient dynamic programming algorithms for calculating the optimal production schedules.

Bolting and flowering habits of the synthesized rape were inherited from parental varieties of original species such as n=10 and n=9 groups in the genus Brassica, and were affected by crosses with commercial varieties. In early generations of synthesized rape, vegetative growth showed remarkable vigor, but in proportion to the progress of generations they were gradually reduced in vigor. However, progenies of the synthesized rape regained their vigor when they were crossed with commercial varieties. This tendency may be caused by heterosis, So, it is necessary for them to establish a seed production system keeping remarkable heterosisvigor in vegetative growth, in order to use them as the commercial soiling forage crop.

This paper considers the modelling of an actual batch/flow environment and discusses in detail the basic production system used in this study and its associated sequencing problem. The approach adopted for this problem is outlined and the concept behind the use of a simulation model as a day-to-day tool for production control is discussed. Finally, the limitations of such an approach for a large but fairly stable production unit are presented.

Correlation theory is applied to a production system to evaluate its potentialities for the measurement of work-flow rates. Results obtained by this method are compared with those obtained from a, two-month shop-floor study and the agreement is good. The wider implications of the approach for production control are discussed.

WOS: 000446682900008 The present study was conducted to determine the slaughter and carcass traits of male lambs of the Akkaraman (A), Morkaraman (M), Awassi (IW), Karayaka (KR), Kivircik (KV) and Middle Anatolian Merino (MAM) sheep breeds. Fattening of all lambs started when they were at 90 days at weaning and finished when they reached bodyweight of 40 kg. The cold dressing percentage of lambs of A, M, and IW breeds were significantly lower than those of KV, KR and MAM. Fat depth and muscle area were significantly greater in KV and MAM lambs than those of the other breeds. There were significant differences among breeds in shoulder, leg and lean weights. Weights of back loin in KV and MAM lambs were significantly greater than those of the other breeds. The highest values for carcass fleshiness were obtained in MAM and IW lambs, but they had a significantly lower carcass fatness score. There were significant differences among the breeds in carcass compactness and leg conformation. The results of the present study indicated that A and MAM breeds could be recommended for desirable carcass characteristics. General Directorate of Agricultural Researches and Policies of TurkeyGida Tarim Ve Hayvancilik Bakanligi [TAGEM 10/AR-GE/13] Authors wish to thank General Directorate of Agricultural Researches and Policies of Turkey (Project no: TAGEM 10/AR-GE/13) for their financial support for the present research

This paper deals with the following problem as the basic type of linear sequencing problem : 'There are the work elements which the production system must accomplish. It needs time to pass from an arbitrary work element χi to another work element χj, and the time differs with pairs of work elements. When precedence relations are imposed on the work elements, what sequence should be maked out to complete all of the work elements in the smallest time without disturbing the precedence relations?'The algorithm effective to any kind of problem has been developed, settling precedence relations rationally by the establishing method of linear sequence in the first report, introducing the concept of lower bound on the operation for picking out the suitable sequences from tremendous feasible sequences, and then settling the several problems arised by introducing the concept of lower bound. The algorithm can assure optimality. The algorithm can cope with the case of limitation in calculation time, and give a suitable approximate solution.

After scrutinizing both the contents and quantity of work carried out in the Shipbuilding Plate Shop, we adopted a renovated production system by using conveyors, whereby the steel materials are not only carried on the conveyors but at the same time processed thereon.The result proved so fine that the layout of the new shop became neat and systematic as is illustrated in Fig. 7, the production efficiency was improved by more than 30 percent, and the production capacity per unit area was nearly doubled.

This paper discusses a control method for reducing the operating costs of a production system by continual modification of the planning operations. The method improves resource allocations by adjusting the mathematical model of the production system to actual system performance. The results of some preliminary experimental work with a simulated fabrication shop are presented.

The paper evaluates those functions of the grazing‐animal/pasture complex which are influenced by management. The contribution of pasturage to animal production is determined primarily by environment and secondarily by defoliation. In pasture quality evaluation, those approaches which employ both digestibility and intake as basic criteria are generally closely related to animal response. In equating grassland production with animal requirements the determinants of output per animal and output per area must be considered in the perspective of the production system as a whole. The essential influence of grazing method on carrying capacity is stressed and it is suggested that grazing management of natural pasture be based on (i) a knowledge of the contribution of individual species to animal production, (ii) defoliation practice which encourages the most nutritious species and (iii) the introduction of improved pasture species.

The study of real adoption impact (RAI) measure of technologies on tomato production at farmers' level revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between yield and the values of RAI which was calculated utilizing the degrees of deviations between standard recommendations for tomato and their level of application at farmers' field. This study implies that the higher value of RAI resulting from more proper adoption of tomato technologies would give higher yield. It was found from the estimated model that 1 percent higher value of RAI would give more than 4 percent greater tomato yield. From this model it was also found that the expected yield gap and observed yield gap of tomato were much greater than that of estimated yield and observed yield indicating a scope to increase the yield of tomato. These results exclusively indicate to a situation where tomato farmers were in complete knowledge of the technologies but they were not using recommended doses of inputs and also management practices properly and completely in production system. As a result they could not reap the yield like research station yield of 80 t/ha. The farmers were getting about 1/4th yield on an average and made a sharp and big yield gap of tomato between on station and farmers' field. It calls for an intensive extension work focused on tomato technologies and timely support with required inputs with a view to minimize the yield gap for national interest. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(1), 15-28, 2007

Numbers of chiasmata in the production of each gamete are closely related to the proportion of gametes which fail to function (r = 0·81 for 24 species). Gamete redundancy and chiasma frequency fail to correlate with chromosome number, DNA weight/nucleus, or the weight or age of the animal at puberty, as closely as with each other. Implications and corollaries are considered, and it is concluded that most gametes are functionless by-products of a necessarily faulty production system.

Industrial-type vidicon television cameras and image-orthicon television readouts from intensified flouoroscopic images provides a production system for instructional video tapes. These can be used for demonstration or teaching of fluoroscopic-examination techniques without the hazard of radiation to the observer, and without crowding the examination room.

THE following is a brief account of how Monospar machines are being made, rather than a description of a completely worked‐out production system, and also of the considerations which were borne in mind while the machine was being designed. These considerations can be grouped under three headings: Design, Production and Maintenance, and will be dealt with after a brief description of the whole machine, which may be of assistance in visualising how the components to be described are combined.

This report deals with the development of a computer program to aid in the teaching of production-inventory control systems. The resulting program follows the outline of previous PROSIM programs. PROSIM W has added features over other systems, and is compact and portable. The simulator was used as a followup to a senior/graduate course in inventory control and a number of modifications in the student interface were made as opposed to the method used by Mize et al in PROSIM V. Some coding errors in PROSIM V are also documented.

This paper deals with the description of multi-commodity production by the concept of production correspondences. As in the papers of Shephard [8], Jacobsen [5] etc., we use two correspondences, the “production correspondence”, denoted by P and its “inverse” correspondence denoted by L — we call the pair (L,P) a production system -; as initial concept we use that given by Opitz [6,7], which, in particular, means, that there are no assumptions about convexity (resp. concavity).

This paper was prepared for the 48th Annual Fall Meeting of the Society of Petroleum Engineers of AIME, to be held in Las Vegas, Nev., Sept. 30-Oct. 3, 1973. Permission to copy is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words. Illustrations may not be copied. The abstract should contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper is presented. Publication elsewhere after publication in the JOURNAL OF PETROLEUM TECHNOLOGY or the SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS JOURNAL is usually granted upon request to the Editor of the appropriate journal provided agreement to give proper credit is made. Discussion of this paper is invited. Three copies of any discussion should be sent to the Society of Petroleum Engineers office. Such discussion may be presented at the above meeting and, with the paper, may be considered for publication in one of the two SPE magazines. Abstract Exxon's submerged production system (SPS) has successfully completed land tests. The SPS is a cluster of subsea wells and associated production controlling, separating and production controlling, separating and pumping equipment mounted on a subsea template pumping equipment mounted on a subsea template structure. The produced fluids are transported to surface processing facilities via pipelines to shore, to a platform or to a production riser which connects to a floating vessel. The subsea equipment is remotely controlled and monitored from the surface facilities by an electro-hydraulic supervisory control system. Pump down tools are used to service wellbore Pump down tools are used to service wellbore equipment and a manipulator operated from the surface is used to replace non-operative subsea equipment. All elements of the system have been designed and land tested. Work is in progress to perform an offshore test of the progress to perform an offshore test of the complete system. The final suite of land tests on a prototype, 3-well, subsea production manifold prototype, 3-well, subsea production manifold and a maintenance manipulator were performed in a water-filled pit where the underwater production equipment was automatically operated production equipment was automatically operated to control well streams simulating liquid, gas-liquid, and sand laden production. In this testing, the prototype equipment met or exceeded design specifications. In addition, the maintenance manipulator was deployed from a surface vessel to a mock-up installation in 425 feet of water to demonstrate its ability to land on its track which surrounds the underwater equipment. This deployment test, when coupled with the pit test, proved the manipulator to be capable of performing the maintenance tasks. Results of tests on the SPS wellbore equipment and on a pre-prototype pump/separator subsystem have indicated the utility of these equipment subsystems in performing their functions. Tests simulating operating conditions have permitted an evaluation and selection of pressure swivels and hoses for the production riser. Land tests of line-up techniques production riser. Land tests of line-up techniques and remote pipeline connectors have permitted the design of prototype pipeline connecting equipment needed for the SPS. The planned offshore test of the SPS will provide a comprehensive evaluation of equipment and procedures and, hence, demonstrate the potential utility of the SPS in deepwater applications.

This paper is a follow up to a presentation delivered November 19, 1969, at the Fall Joint Computer Conference, as part of the panel, "Information Management Systems for the 70's." In that panel, a prototype system, based on a unique method of logically defining data, was discussed. This paper is concerned both with what has been learned from the prototype effort, and the characteristics of a production system.

B-Plant is currently being evaluated for use as an integrated fission product plant operating in conjunction with the Purex Plant and a waste calcination system. If the forecasted demands for fission products should increase to rates exceeding present capabilities and if private enterprise continues to remain outside the recovery field, present budget plans are to develop the use of B-Plant in three phases. In Phase 1, the B-Plant canyon would be activated and provisions made for preparing and storing fission product concentrates. In Phase 2, additional equipment would be installed to provide a single-line demonstration system for purifying and packaging fission products. In Phase 3, the plant would be converted to a double-line production system for recovering, segregating and storing, purifying and packaging fission products. The purpose of this document is to present the technical bases for B-Plant project scoping studies, including: Design flowsheets for the preparation and storage of fission product concentrates in the scope design of Phase 1 activities; and conceptual flowsheets for the purification of stored concentrates in the engineering studies of Phase 2 activities.

The control of the thermal environment within limits, either by the addition or subtraction of heat, is conducive to the health and comfort of man. It reacts with and complements his own heat production system by heat interchange, and has a definite bearing on his ability and efficiency in performing assigned tasks. The interaction between body and space heat will be discussed and tolerances given for comfort and survival.

Fresh market tomato is an important vegetable crop in Florida. During the 1999-2000 season, the crop was grown on over 41,000 acres and was valued at over 418 million dollars. This document is ENY-678, one of a series of the Department of Entomology and Nematology, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Publication Date: February 2003.

At the 1955 Eastern Joint Computer Conference, members of the Stanford Research Institute described a developmental prototype of a business data processor for accomplishing bank checking account bookkeeping. This paper describes the electronic data processing system evolved in the course of converting the developmental prototype into a production system capable of meeting the requirements of both satisfactory operation for banking and manufacturability.

This paper presents simulation results from a general sequential production system. The results are used to establish the effect of service time variability and to estimate minimum cost-in process inventory capacities.

The partitioned computing system, operating several tasks concurrently, is an effective tool for computer-aided design. Such a system offers a high-performance man-machine interface and at the same time operates the low-speed graphic devices (such as plotters) continuously with small drain upon the system. The concept of queueing tasks for devices, instead of queueing users for the system, improves user-access and maintains a reasonably constant load upon the system's hardware. Strong resident support eases programming and extends the computing power by efficiently utilizing the resources of the small computer. The communications connection to a larger computer greatly expands the system's capability.

The first part of this paper reviews history of the vacuum industry in Japan in reference to the statistics of the annual growth figures of the R and D organizations and industries relevant to the vacuum. Technological innovation in industry has often been accomplished in the three ways; those are "Adaptation of Unconventional phenomena for processing of materials," "Automation of a production system" and "Venture stimulated by a new scientific achievement." "The use of vacuum plasma for materials processing," "Automatic leak detection system for the production of refrigerators" and the R and D of "Ultra fine particles" are described in the second part of this paper as the three corresponding examples from the vacuum industry. Surface treatment including vapor deposition is undoubtedly the closest and largest contact zone between scientists and technical people in industry.