Search

Oral ampicillin and penicillin V was given to 23 and 42 children, respectively, with upper respiratory infections. The absorption of the drugs was followed on one of the first days of treatment for 3 hours after administration by taking capillary samples and determining the serum levels. Approximately 60 % of the children were tested for oral absorption during convalescence, 6-8 days after the initiation of the treatment. Diarrhea was evident in more than 60 % of the children during treatment with both ampicillin and penicillin V. Diarrhea of short duration did not have influence on the absorption of the antibiotics. Only when persistent diarrhea over the whole therapy period existed, absorption of penicillin V was decreased.

In August, 1913, I was sent to look after the large number of work animals of the Calamba Sugar Estate at Canlubang, Laguna, where losses from obscure causes among cattle had been severe for some months past. It is difficult to study a disease or its etiologic factor, if one is unable to recognize it and distinguish it from other afflictions which may, and often do, co-exist. As far as I could remember, no method had been advanced of differentiating rinderpest beyond all question of doubt from other diseases. Most of the horses and ponies on this estate had perished from surra, but the microscope failed to show the well-known trypanosomes in cattle or carabaos, altho several hundred animals were subjected to the usual blood examinations. Many of the work-oxen were dying and a great number were in such a weak physical condition that they were unable to work. A reasonably careful survey of the situation showed at once that the deaths and condition of the animals were due to different factors. Many of the weak animals, however, suffered from irregular evacuations of the bowels; some had diarrhea, more or less severe, and others had what appeared to be "tropical dysentery." The latter were greatly emaciated and cachectic, but would eat as long as they could. Their temperatures were invariably a degree or two above normal. Others, in somewhat better condition, showed as a common symptom an irregular, persistent diarrhea, with only occasional distinctly dysenteric evacuations. Of about fifty animals that were kept together, some were always neat and trim, fat, and able to do good work, and never sick. Those that had been on the place several years appeared to do best. No particular type appeared to be immune, but the young animals were attacked in greater number than the old. Thirty work-oxen had died during the month of August. In previous months the losses had been, I was told, greater; various causes were ascribed, among others, poisoned weeds and gastritis due to excess of alkali in plants or water. As soon as possible the sick animals were segregated and divided into different groups so as to facilitate the study, and, if possible, permit an identification of the unknown disease. On August 30, the presence of rinderpest as one of the diseases was established. Clinical history, symptoms, and postmortem findings all sustained the diagnosis.

Cyclospora cayetanensis is a rapidly emerging pathogen in developing countries like Nepal. It causes persistent diarrhea in children and in immunocompromised individuals. The study was carried out in children less than 15 years of age in Kathmandu Valley. A total of 302 stool samples were collected from different Sukumbasi (Slum children) areas of Kathmandu Valley. The samples were observed microscopically using normal saline and potassium dichromate preparation and the test was further confirmed by Sheather’s sucrose flotation and Kinoyoun’s modified acid fast staining technique. Out of the total sample processed C. cayetanensis oocysts were found in 24 (7.94 %) cases. The oocyst were distributed more in children of age group 3-6 years which constituted 5.49% of the total cases ( ÷2=69.15 p: 0.001) and distributed more in months of June (8) and July (8) (÷2=9.042 p: 0.250) whereas abdominal pain was the most common symptoms in infected children. These findings indicate that C. cayetanensis is rapidly emerging enteropathogen in children. So, active surveillance should be continued among diarrhea patients to look for different C. cayetanensis infection and to define the shifting patterns in the seasonal variations of this parasite. Key words: Cyclospora cayetanensis; Diarrhea; Children; Faecal specimen DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v9i9.5525 SW 2011; 9(9): 86-89

Conclusions(1) From the data presented the normal range of prothrombin-clotting time has been observed to be from 25 to 30 sec. Values above 30 sec have given a whole blood index of 1.0 plus. These results yield closer correlation to other methods for estimating the prothrombin level. (2) Treated and untreated patients with pernicious anemia, pellagra and other pathologic conditions have similar normal prothrombin values. Treated sprue patients gave similar results. In a case of sprue (relapsing) with persistent diarrhea, the prothrombin level was found to be almost normal. (3) When abnormal variations occur in wet or dry readings, it may be more accurate to depend upon the whole blood clotting index.

The case histories of two infants with absence of ganglion cells in a distal segment of colon are presented. These cases are remarkable in that the predominant symptom in each was persistent diarrhea rather than constipation. Megacolon was not present.

1. 1. A rare case of enterocystoma with duplication of the stomach is presented. 2. 2. There was present as a complicating feature a draining ulcerated lesion on the abdominal wall which at first was the cause of much alarm and speculation but which eventually led us to the diagnosis. 3. 3. A persistent diarrhea of unknown etiology was the most difficult therapeutic problem and eventually the cause of the patient's death. 4. 4. This case was also complicated by the infant's having falciparum malaria on admission. 5. 5. Also unusual was the finding of hookworm infestation in a six-months old baby.

Sucrase-isomaltase deficiency was diagnosed as the cause of chronic watery diarrhea and incontinence in a 6-yr-old Eskimo boy with Hirschprung's disease who 5 yr previously had a Duhamel-Grob procedure. Diagnosis was established by flat sucrose-tolerance test and the development of gastrointestinal symptoms during the test. It was confirmed by disaccharidase determinations in small intestinal biopsies. Low-sucrose diet reversed the symptoms within 24 hr.

Four infants are described aged 12 days to five months in whom failure to thrive and persistent diarrhea were caused by subacute intestinal obstruction associated with anomalies of mid-gut rotation.

The subject of investigation, H. M., came under observation at the Vanderbilt Clinic July 15, 1912. He has had a persistent diarrhea for a year with several watery stools a day. Otherwise he has been well until three months before admission to the clinic.During these three months and subsequently, he has suffered from attacks of dizziness of increasing severity. In one of these attacks he fainted and fell in the street. Muscular effort increases the giddiness. He has had a good deal of headache. He is very drowsy and is annoyed by numbness and tingling of the hands and feet.Until the onset of symptoms he had been a heavy drinker. He denies lues and gonnorrhea. The Wassermann test was negative. The blood and urine are normal. The heart is not enlarged. The sounds are faint but clear, and there are no murmurs. The third sound has been distinctly audible at most examinations and has been recorded graphically. The pulse is regular, 40 per minute. Systolic bloodpressure varies between 95 mm. and 110 mm. and di...

There are two anatomic varieties of carcinoma of the small intestine: adenocarcinoma and carcinoid tumor. The former is more common than the latter, but both types are rare. The histogenesis of carcinoid tumors is obscure, and their clinical course is not generally understood. Many investigators have considered them benign, yet a number of cases in which metastasis occurred have been reported. The purpose of this study is to report 11 cases of carcinoid tumors of the small intestine that have not heretofore been reported and to summarize the literature on the subject. Since metastasis was present in 3 cases, the series is divided into a malignant and a benign group. MALIGNANT LESIONS1 Case 1. —History. —A man, aged 67, had been operated on for cholelithiasis three years previous to admission. During the last year he had had persistent diarrhea with frequent, thin, watery stools. A dull, aching epigastric pain

Intestinal tuberculosis may be primary or secondary. The primary form is largely of surgical interest and this paper deals only with the secondary form, which is almost always associated with pulmonary tuberculosis. In 1930, about 5,000 persons died from pulmonary tuberculosis in New York City. Intestinal tuberculosis is the most frequent complication of pulmonary tuberculosis and is found in from 50 to 80 per cent or even more of all autopsies performed on patients who have died from pulmonary tuberculosis. Eight per cent of 1,801 consecutive patients at the Trudeau Sanatorium had definite intestinal tuberculosis. Until within recent years the status of the diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis was comparable to that of pulmonary tuberculosis twenty-five years ago, when an early diagnosis was the cause of wonderment. The heretofore "usual" symptoms of intestinal tuberculosis are those that occur in the more advanced stages of the disease; namely, persistent diarrhea, persistent abdominal

The frequency of persistent diarrhea, with or without a known history of a previous acute intestinal infection, stimulated me to investigate the etiologic factors associated with this symptom. With apparently negative results from examination of the stool, a fairly large percentage of patients yielded positive agglutinations in the blood serum for one or more of the organisms of the dysentery group in relatively high titers. Agglutinins have long been known to have an immunologic reaction in the patient's serum against the dysentery bacillus. Davison1in 1920 studied a series of 134 cases of bacillary dysentery in children. He used the agglutination test in addition to bacteriologic methods for diagnosis and considered an agglutination of 1: 50 or above an indication of previous or present dysentery infection. In infants he considered 1: 20 as suggestive. He found that the maximum titer occurred from the seventeenth to the twenty-first day after

I. Statement of the Problem In certain parts of our country, and above all in our southern states, there are occasionally seen persons whose hands, feet and even other parts of the body show chronic, symmetrically placed,1eczema-like rough patches or a formation of bullae and desquamation over larger or smaller areas. A condition of dermatitis may be due to a number of causes; to tuberculosis, to a filamentous fungus, to poisoning from without or within. Particularly the poison that can be expressed from certain mucors will, when injected into the veins of a rabbit, cause extensive desquamation of a similar sort. But in certain of these persons there is, in addition to the chronic desquamation, a persistent diarrhea or dysentery.2In consequence of a disturbing factor, probably a tissue poison, of whose presence these are merely indications, the affected person is liable to die ; or