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The usefulness of exogenous nicotine as a factor in the induction of morphogenesis in a tobacco tissue culture medium has been demonstrated. Nicotiana rustica callus cell cultures were grown on a modified Murashige and Skoog medium with 2 mg/l indoleacetic acid (IAA) and 0.2 mg/l kinetin (MMS). Root morphogenesis was induced in roller tube callus cell cultures and solid callus cell cultures grown on MMS without kinetin supplemented with 10-100 mg/l nicotine. Optimal nicotine concentration for root induction was 50 mg/l. Other tests using varying combinations of IAA, kinetin and nicotine produced no obvious morphogenesis, although some changes in the amount of callus growth and endogenous protein concentration did correlate with nicotine concentration relative to the presence of IAA and/or kinetin. In liquid MMS medium, 14C-nicotine was primarily incorporated into the protein fraction of cultured cells while primarily incorporated into the cell wall and/or cell membrane fraction of cells cultured on MMS without kinetin in the medium. In MMS without IAA and MMS without both IAA and kinetin, there was incorporation, but to a lesser extent in both the protein and the cell wall and/or cell membrane fractions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly purified RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli terminates RNA synthesis in vitro at defined sites on the DNA of coliphage TT. One such site maps at the end of the major ‘early’ transcription region of the genome. A second, distal site is most readily studied in certain mutant strains from which the first site has been deleted. At both sites, termination in vitro is simple (independent of rho or other factors) and both appear to be functional in vivo: We have applied to these sites a technique designed to study base sequences at and beyond RNA termini. The RNA terminated at the first site has cytosine at its 3′ end, and the first base coded by the DNA template beyond the RNA terminus is guanine. The specificity of this sequence is at least 92%. At the second terminator, which is found to be less efficient in its action, the corresponding bases are cytosine and adenine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sera from forty patients with mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis (MCGN), fifty-two patients with acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) and twenty-five patients with the nephritis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined for concentrations of C1q, C4, C3, C5, C6, C7, glycine-rich beta glycoprotein (GBG) and properdin, for their ability to generate cobra factor-dependent convertase, and for the presence of C3 splitting activity. Two types of C3 splitting activity were found. The first, which caused C3 breakdown in normal human serum in the presence of Mg2+-EGTA, was in MCGN and in a minority of patients with AGN. The second, which failed to break down C3 in either Mg2+-EGTA or EDTA, was found in SLE and AGN. In MCGN and AGN low values of C1q and C4 were found, and there was a significant correlation between the concentrations of these components, suggesting activation of the classical pathway. In SLE much greater reduction in C1q and C4 was observed. Significant reduction in GBG was found in each disease with a significant correlation of GBG with C4 and, in MCGN and SLE, with C3. In AGN and SLE there were significant overall reductions in properdin levels and a good correlation between C3 and properdin, whereas in MCGN, although five of the forty patients had a low properdin there was no correlation between C3 and properdin, and no overall reduction in properdin. These data suggest that complement is activated via the classical and C3b-feedback pathways in MCGN, AGN and SLE, but do not provide evidence for a role for properdin in causing hypocomplementaemia in MCGN. The two histological variants of MCGN were found to differ in their complement concentrations; patients with intramembranous deposits had a lower C3 concentration and those with subendothelial deposits a lower C4 concentration, suggesting different pathogenetic mechanisms in these two types of MCGN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research develops the argument that actual job duties are a significant determinant of job satisfaction, especially intrinsic satisfaction. It is further argued that the degree of fit between job duties and interests in these job duties should be related to satisfaction. To test these hypotheses, data were collected on job duties, job interests and job satisfaction from 629 enlisted naval personnel on three aircraft carriers and associated air squadrons. The results indicated that satisfaction could be predicted from job duties and that intrinsic satisfaction was better predicted than was extrinsic satisfaction. Only partial support was given to the hypothesis that discrepancy between interests and job duties could predict satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brunswik's propositions concerning intuitive vs analytic thinking were investigated by assessing performance in a three-cue inference task presented in one of three ways. In the first condition, cues were presented only as points on a blank, two-dimensional field, thus encouraging an intuitive, or perceptual, mode of thinking. In the second condition, subjects were given only the numerical equivalents of the three cues. Finally, in the third condition, the cues were presented both perceptually and numerically. The resulting error distributions were consistent with Brunswik's theoretical propositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a reply to the commentary of John W. Pawling regarding the author's paper "Early Perception of a High Plain in Michigan." Summary of the main points of the paper; Examination of the reviewer's comments; Contentions on Pawling's claims.

The ‘high plain’ shown on many early maps of Michigan was not a fanciful creation, but reality as perceived by early travelers. Their perception of a high plain was as much the result of a change in vegetation as of an actual change in landforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the administration and interpretation of color perception tests to students. There are several kinds of color perception test but pseudo-iso-chromatic plate test meets the requirements which is acceptable for the intended purposes and for screening programs. One test of this type is the Dvorine Pseudo Iso-Chromatic Plates or the Dvorine color perception test. The Dvorine is administered by allowing the student to read the numbers on the 14 plates. Even if the student fails to read the numbers on any two plates, he can still be considered with a normal color vision. The number of wrong responses on the 14 plates will also suggest the presence of color blindness and the degree of its manifestation.

Presents the results of a survey among pediatricians in North Carolina toward the day care of children. Problems associated with day care; Attitudes expressed by the pediatricians toward day care.

Sequences in DNA, which act as signals for the termination of transcription, may lie wholly or partially beyond the distal end of the DNA region actually transcribed into RNA. In a hybrid formed between an intact, RNA molecule and its DNA complement, any such untranscribed signal should lie in the region of single-stranded DNA close to the 3′-hydroxyl terminus of the RNA. We show here that hybrids of this type, formed on circular bacteriophage DNA, act as efficient primers for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and T4-induced DNA polymerase, under the normal conditions for DNA synthesis in vitro. The DNA product is covalently linked to the 3′-end of the RNA, and co-purifies with it in CsCl equilibrium centrifugation. Priming by RNA is readily detectable even when DNA primers are also present. These and other features of the reaction suggest that it might form the basis of a general method for the study of DNA sequences beyond the termini of RNA chains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uptake of labelled uridine into lymphocytes is restricted. Several lines of evidence, including experiments with dipyridamole, an inhibitor for membrane transport processes, and kinetic experiments indicate that transport of uridine through the cell membrane is the rate-limiting step in uridine uptake. Addition of phytohemagglutinin results in an immediate increase of uridiue uptake. Saturation experiments have shown that this change is due to an increase in V, whereas the apparent Km value remains constant. The hypothesis is advanced, that phytohemagglutinin induces an increase in the number of functional carrier sites of the membrane transport system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments with the non-metabolizable glucose analogue 3-O-methyl-[U-14C]glucose revealed that this substance is transported through lymphocyte membranes by "facilitated diffusion". The uptake process is stimulated immediately upon addition of phytobomagglutinin. Countertransport and saturation experiments indicate that the stimulation provoked by phytohemagglutinin is due to an activation of cartier sites in the membrane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ig levels were determined by radial immunodiffusion in uncomplicated cases of acute hepatitis with or without Australia antigenaemia. Initial sera from Australia antigen negative cases showed a striking elevation in IgM levels when compared to Australia antigen positive cases (6.5 versus 1.9 mg/ml). None of twenty-four Australia antigen positive cases exceeded 3 mg/ml IgM, and only 3/58 Australia antigen negative cases exhibited values below 3 mg/ml. initial sera from Australia antigen positive and Australia antigen negative subjects did not differ in concentration of IgG, IgA, or IgD. Serial determinations of IgG revealed a transient fall in patients with Australia antigen positive hepatitis, and a rise in Australia antigen negative cases. Asymptomatic, Australia antigen positive, Guaymi Indian subjects were compared to matched Australia antigen negative controls from the same indigenous group and no differences in the concentration of IgG, IgM, IgA or IgD were found, although elevations of IgG and IgM were common in both groups. No evidence of abnormal proteins was found when sera were tested by cellulose acetate electrophoresis or by immunoelectrophoresis versus immunoglobulin-specific anti- sera. Ultracentrifugal analysis failed to detect `7S' IgM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detailed studies of the complement system were carried out in fifteen patients with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. The findings of reduced levels of C3 and C7 and of circulating breakdown products of C3 in fresh plasma suggested in vivo complement activation. Low C3 levels were associated with the presence of a serum factor (the C3 nephritic factor C3NeF) which was capable of breaking down C3 in normal serum in vitro. Metabolic studies using radioactive iodine labelled C3 showed no evidence of accelerated in in vivo breakdown of parenterally administered C3 suggesting that hypocomplementaemia is either maintained by diminished C3 synthesis or that accelerated catabolism is occurring in a pool that does not freely exchange with parenterally given C3. The C3 nephritic factor has so far only been identified in patients with membranoproliferative nephritis and is therefore of major diagnostic significance in patients with glomerular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the status of the educational system for gifted children in Cleveland, Ohio. The first special class in the city was organized in Denison School, with Florence A. Hungerford as general supervisor, in early 1920's. The students were taught using the regular curriculum as the core and much attention was given to establishing habits of independent study. At present, these children are exposed into extracurricular activities and projects of many kinds.

This article presents a graphic representation of emotional feelings. It presents evidence from a "normal" or non-pathological sample regarding the ways in which certain emotional feelings were graphically represented. The responses of each examinee were subsequently categorized relative to his other responses, on three dimensions; form (straight, curvilinear, wavy, or angular), direction (horizontal, upward, or downward), and intensity of line (light, medium, or heavy stroke.) To classify the responses obtained for each word, a weight was assigned ed in accordance with the obtained frequency in a scoring category when compared to the mean and standard deviation of the total distribution for all words.

The article reports on circular pencil maze performance in chronic schizophrenics. Answers were sought to the following questions in an extensive investigation of circular pencil maze (CPM) performance of 39 chronic schizophrenics: What is the effect of sub-shock insulin on CPM solving? What is the capacity of chronic schizophrenics for CPM solving? Is maze threading a genera! function? What is the relation of CPM performance to social adjustment? Extensive study of CPM performance in chronic schizophrenics reveals no significant consistent effects of sub-shock insulin. However, this drug increases inter-patient variability; and with its removal there is a slight improvement in performance.

The article discusses about the conditioned reflex in the chronic schizophrenic patients. The subjects used in the two studies to be reported were test and control patients in another, extended investigation of learning or problem solving in the chronic schizophrenic. The patients in this learning investigation were put through a three months program. The test patients were required to lean progressively more difficult problems with insulin stimulated hunger as a motive. If a part of chronic schizophrenia is a condition of the cortex approximating functional decortication, then a prolonged period of activity which forces the patient to use his cortex-such as the learning problems used with the test patients here should to some extent improve the functioning of the cortex.

This article focuses on multiple choice learning in the chronic Schizophrenic. The nine chronic schizophrenics, whose records are to be reported, were selected from the same ward. They were white males, veterans of World War II, between the ages 27 and 36. Number of months since present admission varied from 17 to 84. All had received at least one course of ECT without improvement. Time since last ECT treatment varied between one and a half months to 32 months, with only one less than 2.5 months. These patients were considered treatment failures who had for some time shown no promise of favorable progress.

This article focuses on the history of the electro-oculographic method of recording eye movements as of May 1971. Its dependence on the corneo-retinal potential difference is also demonstrated. Researcher I.L. Meyers noted in 1929 that the ability to record eye movements through electro-oculographic method was dependent upon the plane of movement of the eyes with respect to the plane of the electrodes. Researcher E. Jacobson in 1930 described a similar method of eye movement recording. He too reported that the photographic pattern recorded for an eye movement in one direction was clearly distinctive from the pattern recorded during looking in any other direction.

The article uses a multiple choice method of testing supraordinate associations with several groups of varying educational levels, including a group of hospitalized mental patients who were the least educated. The following conclusions are supported by the results: (a) There is a greater tendency toward subordinality of associations in the multiple choice form of the test than in the free association method; (b) a positive relationship between education and supraordinality of association predominates in the multiple choice method; (c) within groups of homogeneous educational level, there is a positive relationship between supraordinality and maladjustment.

The experimental conditions to study lymphocyte transformation in cultures derived from bovine lymph nodes are described. Both deoxyribonucleoprotein-bound and soluble RNA polymerase can conveniently be tested in cell lysates. During the course of transformation the activities of the two enzymes begin to rise at the same time when the cells begin to accumulate stable RNA. At 30 h after addition of phytohemagglutinin both enzyme activities are enhanced by a factor of two over the controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which examined the post-natal bone growth of infants with fetal growth retardation. Methodology and radiographic procedures; Growth of neonatal linear bone growth; Determination of fibula length and gestational age.

Within the pointer breed of dog two strains have been developed by selective mating and line breeding. The goal is that of producing behaviorally distinct stable and unstable (nervous) strains to measure hereditary effects including dominance and sex Unkage, if present, Some behavioral difference emerged early. Measures of operant conditioning and other behavioral tests have little overlap. We conclude that genetic controls are important for behavioral research, even within a single breed, and that temperamental variables have strong genetic factors as well ss environmental ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies were performed on localization of 125I-human γ-globulin in spleen lymphatic tissue germinal centres during the primary and secondary immune response as influenced by competitive injections of specific or non-cross- reacting antigens. Isologous mouse 7S serum protein labelled with 125I was used as the control. The results of these studies support the following conclusions: (1) Antigen retention in germinal centres during the primary immune reaction is a dynamic process. For some antigens there may be opsonins available at the the time of injection which promote initial localization in germinal centres. However, the continued localization of antigen over weeks and months is a function of specific antibody production. (2) For some period of time, germinal centres are specific to the antigen that stimulated their development, and eventually these centres will respond to a different antigen. (3)Antigen persisting in germinal centres is functional in the development of the secondary immune potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turnover studies were performed in rabbits using biologically screened, highly purified, radio-labelled human C3 and C3c. Experiments were also carried out using agents known to activate the complement system in vivo--cobra venom factor, human nephritic serum and nephrotoxic antibody to rabbit glomerular basement membrane. Activation of labelled C3 by cobra factor provided information regarding the metabolic behaviour of C3d. The fractional catabolic ratio (FCR) of human C3 in normal rabbits was 2.4-2.8% of the plasma pool per hr. FCR for C3c was 4.5% per hr. Activation of C3 in vivo consistently resulted in accelerated disappearance of plasma radioactivity. Analysis of the plasma and total body radioactivity curves indicated that both hypercatabolism and extravascular sequestration of radioactivity were responsible for this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over a period of 5 years, 41 retarded children joined numerous kinds of ongoing leisure time activities at a community center. A followup study showed that ¾ of them had done at least minimally well. Although leaders rated the social behavior of retarded members as significantly different from that of normal children in the same groups, differences were manageable and often diminished with continued exposure to normal children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the statement published by the Committee on Infant and Preschool Child about the status of battered child syndrome. Historical review and definition of battered child syndrome; Recommendations on the identification and protection of the abused child.