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The costs of installing and operating hydrometric stations can be readily determined, but estimating the benefits, which arise from increases in the accuracy of design data for future projects, is more difficult. There is no single statistic that can represent the accuracy of the network output, and therefore a recent Canadian planning study decided to consider the information obtained from hydrometric networks under the three headings of mean discharge, flow dependability, and floods. The increase in accuracy from network intensification and the probable future benefits were then estimated separately for each of these three categories. Some of the techniques developed in this pilot study are outlined, and it is noted that, for the projections that were used and the conditions of the study area, increases in the accuracy of flow dependability and flood flow data outranked the mean flow category in regard to potential future benefits.

For many years most planners have questioned the continued usefulness of independent planning boards. The case made by both earlier and recent “abolitionists” has much merit, but abolition could mean a stifling of effective citizen participation. The proposed alternative embodies legitimate reforms advocated by abolitionists while preserving meaningful citizen participation. It advocates the creation of a flexible number of temporary citizens advisory boards or “task forces,” including one for “long-range planning,” to consult and advise with City Hall through the professional planners. With their assignments strictly limited in scope and time, these task forces, all of equal rank, would be appointed by the chief executive and approved by the legislative body. The basis of board appointments would be citizens' expert knowledge of the process or area under planning study. Boards will interpose a formal layer of non-elected citizens between the professional planner and the legislature and electorat...

The purpose of this article is to present a set of nomographs for testing the significance of the difference between uncorrelated percentages, and for determining necessary sample sizes when planning studies which will involve the comparison of percentages. Examples of these two uses are given as well as a description of the formula upon which the nomographs are based.

This paper dicusses a new probabilistic generation production cost program which computes the expected production costs for planning study evaluations, Most previous production cost programs have either ignored the existence of forced outages or have included their effects approximatelyby increasingthe length of scheduled outage periods or by reducing the maximum capability of the units in proportion to their forced unavailability. These approximations would seem to availability. These appoximations would seem to neglect the economic effects caused by the probability that randomly occurring unit outages will require the operation of rapidly starting, high cost peaking generation. The program described does consider these random forced outages, as well as scheduled outages. Economic loading of thermal units, consideration of the probabilistic nature of the hydro-electric energy available, and generation system reliability techniques are combined to produce expected values of production costs.

Researching living habitations and feelings of users in roof gardens and balconies of apartment house, following results are conclused to establish fundamental designs of three dimensional urban greens, such as roof park.1. Using percentages of roof garden on 9-stories buildings are about 5% of their population, and show a tendency to increase according to enrich ments of above gardens' facilities.2. On their feelings, puposes of roof gardens' users are resting first, walking and speaking next; their hopes are beautifications with green and waterfirst, lawn next, wich playground level space.3. About balconies of apartment houses, inhabitants hope gardening space first, children's play space next; the latter would be satisfyed in roof garden's planning on apartment houses.4. Thus, depending upon tendsncies of apartment houses' increase, importances of roof garden become more; and depending upon those of urbanizations' progress, three dimensional designs on urban green must become to be studied.

The writer intended to study on fundamental problems of designs of linear green, such as green living path, with investigations and interview surveys at Shukugawa riverside park in Nishinomiya.On users' habitation, it is shown that almost 30% of users distribute beyond borders of Nishino miya and Ashiya city, i. e., beyond 5km or more distant because these users regard this park as pedestrian path from stations on this riverside; and that the recreational effectivity of this park is more on the directions of park line, comparing with other directions to show a character of linear green.On users' considerations, also it is shown that passing purpose ones show interest on landscapes, resting walkers show it on walking or resting facilities and players show it on playing facilities.In this narrow linear green, they are satisfyed with landscape mostly, but not satisfyed with functional development and surrounding townscapes.Cosidering characters of this park, it is judged that users are interested with its functional characters according to theiru sing purposes and its actual forms to their used impressions; and those are regarded to concern with design problems of linear greens on green living paths.

The purpose of this paper is to explore a series of guidelines which will help identify attractive computer applications in emerging countries. We will examine areas of development from the standpoints of natural resources, labor intensive industries, public and private services. Then we shall explore levels of development in communications, education, high technology and the financial commitment of a nation. We shall examine the computer applications from a cost versus benefits viewpoint, and finally discuss a feasibility planning study.

The aim of the project is the development of a comprehensive battery of ability tests which will evaluate the effects of incapacitating compounds on human performance. This report presents a summary of the third quarter's effort of the second year which concentrated on: standardizing the improvements in several basic abilities tests; preparing a preliminary Test Administrator's Manual for the improved tests; training nurses as test administrators; conducting Study IV: The effects of medical/psychiatric classification on group differences in performance; developing a Social Conformity Test; and planning Study V to examine the effects of 3580A on selected laboratory and field tests.

This paper presents the general planning economics and types of applications for the gas (combustion) turbine generating plants in the U.S. electric utility industry. A typical generation planning study indicates 10 to 20 percent of new generation additions can economically be peaking type units. General observations of gas turbine operating requirements and practices are presented for existing gas turbine applications.Copyright © 1970 by ASME

The report has been prepared in response to a requirement for a planning study on the suitability as temporary base camps of three selected locations along the Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land Coasts. Available meteorological satellite data for the summer-operating seasons and that portion of West Antarctica in which these camps are located consists of ESSA-3 AVCS photographs, obtained from the National Environmental Satellite Center and the National Weather Records Center, and ESSA-2 and NIMBUS-2 APT pictures copied at McMurdo Station, all for the period November 1966 through January 1967. The satellite AVCS photographs and APT pictures were evaluated for total sky cover, and for cloud type and amount; and a nephanalysis was then drawn for each day of this 3-month period. Surface and upper-air charts prepared at McMurdo Station were compared with the satellite cloud and weather systems, and reanalyzed as necessary.

THE ONLY REASON for the existence of a school building is that it is needed to house an educational program. The determination of need for school plant facilities is a local educational problem, whether the area referred to as "local" is the small rural district or the large city system. The problem of determining school plant needs on the local level may be simple or complex, requiring in the latter case careful and objective survey work that in some details may involve considerable research. The school plant survey or long-range school plant planning study is concerned primarily with the problem of determining what new buildings are or will be needed, what old ones should be remodeled and continued in use, which ones should be continued as they are, and which ones should be abandoned. These questions are related very closely to enrolment trends, both numerical and locational; to population trends; to conditions of the local school plant; and to educational organization and administrationl The need for research is involved in the accurate and reliable prediction of population and enrolment trends as they affect the determination of school plant needs. Detailed planning and financing, while a part of the complete school plant survey, are not specifically part of the problem of determining needs, but they are involved in the problem of meeting the needs as determined. Three school plant surveys are listed that illustrate technics of research used in determining school plant needs on the local level. In the Minneapolis School Survey, Holy (3) studied the location of all seventh-, eighth-, and ninth-grade pupils in relation to the junior high-school buildings and made recommendations toward the transfer of certain pupils from elementary buildings to junior high schools. Holy also determined objectively, thru an area study of the distribution of elementary children, that of eighty-five elementary schools in the city, twenty-one, including two portables, could be closed without denying any child a good school within reasonable walking distance. Engelhardt (1) in the Sewanhaka, New York, high-school district survey based his recommendations for ultimate high-school needs upon (a) analyses of elementaryand high-school enrolment trends, (b) trends in home building and an estimate of the number of homes in the area after the saturation point in building is reached, and (c) the establishment of a ratio of pupils to homes, which ratio predicts the total possible pupil population in the area after it is completely built up. Wilson (8) in the Reading, Massachusetts, school plant survey arrived at his recommendations for a long-range school plant planning program thru the analysis of enrolment and population trends, the establishment of a ratio