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The development of a training course on fault finding in a crude distillation unit is described and its contents illustrated. The criterion problem for this and similar industrial problem-solving tasks is discussed. ‘Operational’, or product measures, namely, first shot successes (FSS), wrong diagnoses (WD) and diagnosis time (T), are reported and compared with five measures of the problem-solving process. Training substantially increased FSS, substantially reduced T and reduced WD by an order of magnitude. Post-training scores were superior to those of men with refinery operating experience, although the difference in T was not statistically significant. Large and significant improvements were also found with the majority of the process measures. The training course only required five sessions of 2½ hours including pre- and post-tests.

Most instances of elongated or otherwise abnormal styloid processes that have been reported were observed by anatomists rather than by clinicians. It is probable that numerous cases of elongated styloid processes have been observed and treated by operation when necessary, but relatively few have been recorded. The credit for the first authentic report of clinical symptoms with subsequent removal of the styloid process goes to Weinlecher, for a case observed in 1872. Ossification of the stylohyoid ligament, however, had been recorded as early as 1652 by Demanchetis. The normal styloid process measures between 2.5 and 3 cm. The tip is cartilaginous and is continued over to the lesser cornu of the hyoid bone as a band known as the stylohyoid ligament. Total calcification of this ligament has been observed anatomically. According to Dwight, 1 the styloid process can be divided into four portions. The most proximal, a cuplike portion, is called