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This publication is written for those researchers who are interested in the use of radionuclides and radiation in the animal science field. Part I presents topics intended to provide the theoretical base of radionuclides which is important in order to design an experiment for drawing maximum information from it. The topics included in this division are: aspects of ionizing radiation, its detection and measurement, its associated hazards, and some common applications. Laboratory exercises in this division are designed with an aim to provide basic and some advanced skills in this area. Part II, entitled Applied Part, provides a number of detailed practical situations for the use of radionuclides and radiation. There is a small section devoted to exercises on the preparation of radionuclides and procedures with animals. It should provide a systematized course of study for a training program for persons in the field. (Author/PS)

This report contains the papers presented in the 1970-1971 Environmental and Ecological Forum series, planned to provide an overview of the significant environmental, social, and economic aspects of electric power generation, more specifically, the pros and cons of nuclear power production. The Forum was organized as a public service to foster community understanding of environmental problems that increasingly tax society's capabilities for remedial action. Speakers with widely divergent opinions discussed the various ways in which the increasing development and use of technology may affect man's well-being. Their presentations were titled: Man's Conquest of Energy: Its Ecological and Human Consequences; The Nucs: Energy vs. the Environment; Nuclear Power Plants: Present, Past, and Future; The Radiation Hazard for Man; A Proposal for a Rational Policy to Control Radioactivity and Other Forms of Pollution; The Public and Radiation from Nuclear Power Plants; Adequacy of Present Radiation Standards; The Nuclear Power Information Communication Predicament; Nuclear Power Licensing: Risk--Benefit Determinations and the Public Interest; Nuclear Power: You Never Had It So Good; Benefits and Costs of Nuclear Power; and What We Do Know About Low-Level Radiation. (BL)

GRADES OR AGES: Grades 10-12. SUBJECT MATTER: First aid and survival education. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide is divided into six sections: transportation of the injured, automobile accidents, conditions resulting from nuclear explosion, chemical warfare, natural catastrophes, and psychological first aid. The publication format of four columns gives the outline of content, the major understandings and fundamental concepts, suggested teaching aids and learning activities, and supplementary information for teachers. The course objectives are presented in the introduction. The guide is soft covered. OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES: Each subsection contains questions and topics for discussion. The supplementary information provides teachers with further discussion material. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS: Lists of multimedia resources are presented for teachers and students. Information is also given on the procurement of teaching kits, mannequins, and injury simulations. STUDENT ASSESSMENT: No provision is made. OPTIONS: The guide is suggestive only. (BRB)

Basic information about nuclear weapons is presented so that their effects can be meaningfully related to the defensive countermeasures which will be most effective against them. Major topics include: (1) Explosive power of nuclear weapons, (2) Major effects of nuclear explosions, (3) Two basic types of nuclear explosions, (4) Contrast between air and surface bursts, (5) Explosive power and destructiveness of different sizes of nuclear weapons, (6) Characteristics of a nuclear explosion, (7) The nature of fallout and its radiation, (8) Relationship between radiation and illness, (9) Review of the characteristics of fallout, (10) Detecting radiation, (11) Fallout shelters, (12) The National Shelter Program, (13) Types of Shelters, (14) Why a shelter is important, (15) Building your own fallout shelter, and (16) Stocking a shelter. Panel discussions and a test are included. (CK)

The text takes a practical approach to the understanding of industrial radiation hazards. It is intended for the layman who requires a basic understanding of the relationship of radiation problems to his own field. Discussion includes such topics as: uses which benefit mankind; radiation energy versus fission energy; effects of excessive radiation exposure; external versus internal radiation problems; air sampling techniques; containment procedures; contamination and containment procedures; decontamination techniques; radioactive decay; atomic fission process and control; transmutation; and atomic fission criticality hazards and control. Appendices include definitions for 101 atomic terms and tables of commonly used radioisotopes. (JG)

This report summarizes the results of unclassified research and development contracts in the field of peaceful use safeguards regarding the use of nuclear material. These summaries indicate there is really no sharp line of demarcation between research for safeguards and research for many other purposes. It includes areas of research effort and expenditures since the formal beginning of research for safeguards in 1955. The reports have been grouped according to the following subjects: analytical methods; calculation of heavy isotope content of reactor fuel; fuel element analysis; gamma spectrometers; inspection procedures; inventory control; mathematical models for fuel cycle analysis; plant protective and monitoring systems and devices; process instrumentation; reactivity measurements; and sampling. (Author/JG)

The document is designed to be used as a resource in teaching vocational agriculture high school students about the environment. Agricultural chemicals are the major focus, with some attention to radiation. The importance of safety in agricultural chemical use is stressed, with descriptions of the pesticide label; protective clothing; respiratory devices; correct application, transporting, handling, and disposal of chemicals; and health hazards. Agricultural chemicals are described by type: insecticides, fungicides and bactericides, herbicides, nematicides, rodenticides, and mammalian biocides. Legislation and regulation of agricultural chemicals are discussed. Tolerances--their establishment and enforcement--are covered. Alternatives to agricultural chemicals are treated. The section on radiation deals with sources and effects of radiation. A 6-page glossary and a 23-item bibliography are appended. (MS)

Kansas and nearby Missouri are among the half-dozen states in America having the greatest frequency of tornadoes of any region in the world. This booklet describes a districtwide approach of designing and constructing tornado-resistant shelters as integrated parts of the school facilities. The design criteria for tornado protection also resulted in fallout radiation protection. The technical data for, drawings, and photographs of 18 schools are included. (Photographs and some floor plan sketches may reproduce poorly.) (Author/MLF)

This training manual consists of two parts. The first covers general information and outlines various applications of food irradiation technology. The second section details laboratory exercises used to demonstrate the principles of radiation processing and the effects of radiation treatment on certain types of food. The chapters outline radioisotopes and radiation, radiation detection and measurement, health physics, radiation chemistry, effects of radiation on living organisms, preservation of foods, radiation preservation of foods, packaging, wholesomeness of irradiated foods, government regulation of irradiated foods, food irradiation facilities, commercial considerations of food irradiation, and related literature. (Diagrams, graphs, data tables, and illustrations are included.) (KP)

This progrmed course of study is designed to prepare local government officials and individual citizens to act in nuclear emergencies or disasters. Each of the four units has two lessons beginning with a brief overview and proceeding with self study frames. Line drawings are used to illustrate effects. Topics covered are the radiological monitor in civil defense, fallout effects, exposure guidance, RADEF instruments, protective measures, decontamination procedures, dose and dose rate calculations, and radiological monitor tasks, procedures, responsibilities, and reporting. An additional information appendix follows the same format but is not provided with tests; it covers nomograns and peacetime nuclear hazards. (MS)

On January 1, 1970, President Nixon signed into law a bill establishing a national policy to maintain conditions of the environment under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony. In keeping with this, the 1970 National Agricultural Outlook Conference was held, at which the 2 speeches presented in this document were delivered. The first speech, "Environment: The Health Perspective," discusses averting an environmental catastrophe. The second speech, "The Environment and Agriculture," undertakes to answer the following questions about environment: (1) What is it? (2) What are the major factors and interactions determining quality of environment? (3) What is its present condition? (4) What is agriculture's contribution, actual and potential, beneficial and detrimental, to quality of environment? (5) What is being done to improve quality of environment? (6) What kind of environment do we want? It is concluded that efficiency of agriculture is a major determinant in quality of rural, urban, local, and global environments. Agricultural pollution can be resolved by development and application of systems which are technologically effective and socially and economically acceptable. (AN)

This instructional guide to civil defense shelter management is given as an aid to shelter survival techniques rather than to shelter comfort. The basis, purposes, and organization of shelter administration are outlined, with instructions on--(1) shelter management, (2) shelter teams and functions, (3) supplies and locations, and (4) daily shelter scheduling. A section on shelter functions and regulations deals with--(1) feeding, (2) sleeping, (3) sanitation and medicine, (4) radiological defense, and (5) communications. Example schedules are also given. (TG)

Award winning designs are presented demonstrating that economical dual-use shelter space can be incorporated in the designs of new buildings without sacrifice of either function or aesthetic values. The eight award winning designs are discussed, and graphic illustration is provided of the nature of dual-use shelter, which contributes to understanding of the techniques for controlling exposure to gamma radiation from fallout. (FS)

The appreciation of the potential hazard of ionizing radiation led to the setting up of national, and later, international commissions for the defining of standards of protection for the occupationally exposed worker in the use of ionizing radiation. However, in the last twenty years, with the large scale development of nuclear energy, the need for adequate protection against ionizing radiation has become even more important. This code of practice for the use of ionizing radiations in secondary schools was compiled and recommended by the Occupational Health Committee of the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia. The publication comprises eight outline sections--(1) Introduction, (2) Modes of Irradiation, (3) General Rules, (4) Control of Sources, (5) Storage and Labeling, (6) Handling of Sources, (7) Disposal of Sources, and (8) The Degree of the Hazard. (KK)

Award winning designs for dual-use fallout shelters are presented, representing contributions by the design professions toward development of the national defense resource. The focus and concept of the competition is described as the basis for judging. The nature of dual-use shelter is discussed, which contributes to understanding of the techniques for controlling exposure to gamma radiation from fallout. Graphic illustrations are given of award winning dual-use shelter space in community structures appropriate to residential areas. (FS)

This teacher's guide on nuclear science is divided into two parts. The first part is a discussion of some of the concepts in nuclear chemistry including radioactivity, types of disintegration, radioactive decay and growth, and tracer techniques. The relevant experiments involving the use of radioisotopes are presented in the second part. The experiments include the use of Geiger counters, investigations of the properties of radiations, and separation techniques such as paper chromatography, ion exchange, solvent extraction and precipitation. A simple circuit diagram of a Geiger counter is included. This handbook is intended primarily for teachers of secondary school science in Asia. (LC)

Reported are the proceedings of an interdisciplinary symposium on the effects on the biosphere of the release of radiation from the use of nuclear energy. Papers given include discussions of the use of radioisotopes in medicine, the benefits and possible consequences of peaceful applications of nuclear explosives, methods of estimating maximum radiation dose, data on radioactive pollution, and data on effects of radiation in man and animals. Each paper is prefaced by an abstract and followed by a report of ensuing discussion. (EB)

Nuclear physics fundamentals are presented in this sixth unit of the Project Physics text for use by senior high students. Included are discussions of radioactivity, taking into account Bacquerel's discovery, radioactive elements, properties of radiations, radioactive transformations, decay series, and half-lives. Isotopes are analyzed in connection with positive rays, mass spectrographs, notations for nuclides and nuclear reactions, relative abundances, and atomic masses. Nuclear structures and reactions are studied by using proton-electron and proton-neutron hypotheses with a background of discoveries of neutrons, neutrinos as well as artificial transmutation and artificially induced radioactivity. Information about binding energy, mass-energy balance, nuclear fission and fusion, stellar nuclear reactions, nuclear force and model, and biological and medical application of radioisotopes is given to conclude the whole text. Historical developments are stressed in the overall explanation. Problems with their answers are provided in two categories: study guide and end of section questions. Besides illustrations for explanation use, charts of elementary particles and physical constants with conversion factors are also included in this text unit as appendices. The work of Harvard Project Physics has been financially supported by: the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford Foundation, the National Science Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, the United States Office of Education, and Harvard University. (CC)

A brief history of civil defense administration precedes analysis of nuclear attack conditions and the influence of protective measures. Damage limitation procedure is explained in terms of--(1) blast effects, (2) radiation doses, (3) geographical fallout distribution patterns, and (4) national shelter needs. Major concept emphasis relates to--(1) lifesaving potential of improved strategic defense programs, (2) functional protection factor determination for shelters, and (3) geographic and demographic characteristics of hypothetical attack situations. Extensive substantive data and diagrams are included. (MH)

Ecological problems are explored in this book of sixteen student readings and exercises aimed at developing and applying critical thinking skills. The readings, mostly extracts from books and periodicals, are introduced by the editor and accompanied by questions. Chapter I, The Population Controversy, includes selections from Paul Ehrlich's The Population Bomb, and Pope Paul VI's Encyclical on Birth Control. Chapter II, The Nuclear Radiation Controversy, includes a case study involving litigation by a state against the Atomic Energy Commission. Chapter III, The Air Pollution Controversy, includes articles from Nation's Business, a U. S. Chamber of Commerce publication, The Progressive, and a publication of the Inter-Industry Emission Control Program. Chapter IV, The Religious, Political and Economic Consequences of the Ecology Controversy, includes selections from several university professors. A list of sources for more ecological information is appended. Related documents of interest are: SO 001 466, SO 001 467, and SO 001 469. (Auth/DJB)

A summary of training programs relating to radiation health and safety is presented in this report. Training courses are primarily categorized into five types, respectively, for specialists, personnel whose work is closely related to radiation, radiation users, nuclear installation staff, and the general public. To meet the present world needs, emphases are placed on descriptions of training for the following groups: senior and junior health physics specialists, medical supervisors of radiation workers, medical officers using radiation and working in public health, technical supervisors, technological staff, administrative officers, persons working with radiation, and public service personnel. Curriculum topics are discussed in connection with the course offerings, practical exercises, facilities, and laboratory equipment. Information about program scope, planning, duration, organization, and implementation is also provided. Five basic areas are involved in general: mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and detection techniques. Included in the annexes are a review of offered training courses, a suggested course for junior health physicists, a list of necessary equipment, a bibliography, and examples of curricula and courses used in diverse countries. (CC)

Levels of X-Ray emission and exposure from home television receivers are being questioned and found greater than previous public health and safety cautions and measurement limits have suggested. The latest changes in television components, designs, function, and manufacturing, have caused equipment standards and the effects of radiation to be reevaluated and redefined. (TG)

Recommendations for radiation shielding, protection, and measurement are presented. This handbook is an extension of previous recommendations for protection against radiation from--(1) high energy and power electron accelerators, (2) food processing equipment, and (3) general sterilization equipment. The new recommendations are concerned with radiation control and personal protection. Graphs and charts are included to help describe shielding requirements and definitions, radioactivity character, and shielding materials. Lists of terms, symbols and references are included. (TG)

Presentations made at the fourteenth National Conference on Campus Safety. The topics dealt with include--(1) Provisions for Safety in Design of Campus Buildings, (2) Disposal of Chemical And Radioactive Waste, (3) Fire Prevention, (4) The Human Factor in Accidents, (5) Public Liability through Design, (6) A Professor's Views on Safety, (7) Disaster Preparedness, (8) University Fleet Operations and Concomitant Safety Procedures, (9) Farm Safety, and (10) Safety Manuals. (FS)

The problems involved when radiation-producing devices of our contemporary technology are used in the teaching of science at the high school and undergraduate college level are discussed. Information is provided on the hazards involved in the use of radiation-producing equipment or radioactive materials in science demonstrations and experiments and on the means of protection available to offset these hazards. Specific sections included discuss the following topics--(1) biological considerations, (2) typical radiation sources used in schools, (3) basic principles or radiation protection, and (4) the radiation protection program. (RK)

Discussed are the commercial uses of nuclear explosives as well as the testing of nuclear weapons. Case histories of the use of nuclear explosives to stimulate oil and natural gas production are examined, and problems associated with nuclear blasting are discussed with special reference to canal construction. Effects of nuclear weapons testing are discussed under the heading of "Radiation Hazards" and "Seismic Hazards." Safety precautions and safety standards are described. The need for adequate information to be provided to the public is stressed. A short annotated bibliography is included. (EB)

Included are the proceedings of the first Congress on Environmental Health. Topics related to air pollution include the extent of human exposure, its relation to disease, evaluating effects clinically, community control and the physician's role. Topics related to pesticides include treatment of poisonings, occurrence of poisonings, safe usage, and regulation of distribution. Radiological topics include biological effects of radiation, food contamination, radiation standards and protection guides. Topics related to water pollution include the nature of water pollution, its relation to health, control programs, and present and future problems. (PR)

This book provides a comprehensive survey of the principal national and international organizations which are sources of information on atomic and nuclear energy and of the published literature in this field. Organizations in all the major nuclear countries such as the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, France, and Japan are described, and for each, details are given of structure, research programs, information services, libraries and principal publications. In addition, the publicly available literature of atomic and nuclear energy such as books, handbooks, encyclopedias, conference proceedings, bibliographies, abstracting services, periodicals and translations are described under the following headings: (1) atomic energy in general, (2) nuclear and high energy physics, (3) nuclear power and engineering, (4) radiation and radio-isotopes, (5) plasma physics and controlled nuclear fusion. The book is intended mainly for librarians and information officers. The technical level is that of the intelligent and well-educated general user of reference sources. The index has three sections: (1) an index to organizations, (2) an author index, and (3) an index to periodicals. (LC)

This book is a report designed to be used by scientists in a wide variety of disciplines and by interested laymen. Thus, the readability of the material was maintained without sacrificing scientific accuracy. The document consisted of three parts. Part 1, Air Conservation and Public Policy, was written to be of interest to the broadest possible readership. Part 2, Summary of the Facts, is a concise report on the state of scientific knowledge about air conservation. Part 3, Background Reports, is primarily directed to scientists and specialists in other disciplines. Part 3 constitutes eighty-five percent of the total report. Nearly half of this section is devoted to pollutants and their effects of which chemical and radioactive pollutants received strong emphasis. (RR)

Presents a discussion of the risks, to society, from radiation-associated technologies and urges that science teachers help the public understand the decision-making process relative to nuclear power as well as the problems and alternatives. (PEB)

Presents the pros and cons of nuclear power systems. Includes a discussion of the institutional status of the AEC, AEC regulatory record, routine low-level radiation hazards, transport of radioactive materials, storage of wastes, and uranium resources and economics of supply. (GS)

Outlines the stages of the nuclear fuel cycle where routine radiation releases occur and where nonroutine releases could occur. Examines the impact of these occurrences and emphasizes the regulations, practices, and technologies that prevail in the United States. (Author/GS)

Describes food and packaging innovations being developed by the military and their relation to school food service needs of the next decade. (Author/LR)