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The effects of intravenously administered Ketamine were studied in 28 cats and 6 monkeys. In cats, Ketamine initially induced generalized high voltage beta activity followed by generalized slow waves. These slow waves were called Ketamine complexes (KCs) and had two different morphological appearances suggestive either of polyspike-slow wave complexes or of delta waves intermixed with beta activity. Often it was morphologically uncertain if KCs represented spikes-slow waves or a combination of beta-delta waves. In monkeys, Ketamine induced theta and beta rhythms and at higher doses, quasi-periodic slow wave complexes. The effect of Ketamine on neocortical and hippocampal epileptogenic foci was studied in 16 cats. Ketamine consistently suppressed focal seizures but was ineffective in modifying interictal epileptogenic activity both at the primary and mirror focus. It was concluded that Ketamine had no epileptogenic properties. Ketamine affects the central nervous system at many levels in different ways. It simultaneously excites and depresses different systems and disrupts normal cortical and subcortical physiological activities.