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This paper examines the development of Chinese social media platforms and corresponding socio-economic indicators. Applying Bourdieu's concepts of cultural capital and Fukuyama’s concepts of social capital, this paper analyzes various social media platforms and their impact on mobility across social classes in China. Government regulations are highly involved in Chinese social media platforms. Through measuring education, consumption, income inequality, social mobility, and other related socio-economic indicators, this paper argues that the emergence of social media platforms revolutionizes the traditional social class structure and results in a unique social stratification in China. Social media platforms empower upper classes, middle classes, and working classes differently. This paper's central proposition is that the rise of social media blurs boundaries between middle and working classes, but strengthens the upper classes' distinctiveness and further consolidates their capital. The models applied in this paper advances our understanding of the rise of social media and its role in advocating for social mobility while also its role in facilitating class consolidation.

This introduction presents the idea as well as the theoretical, methodological and ethical background of the In 2016 project, a research project that looks into the realities of everyday life and other post-revolutionary lifeworlds (Lebenswelten) in Egypt and Tunisia. Its aim is to provide a kind of ‘encyclopedia of 2016’ that enables users, in a snapshot portrait of one year, to ‘jump right into’ and move around (via crossreferences) in post-revolutionary Arab realities; a tool that allows readers to approximate the experience of ‘how it feels/felt’ to live in these countries in this period of transition and historic change that the Arab World is currently going through. Taking its inspiration from Hans Ulrich GUMBRECHT’s In 1926, an “essay on historical simultaneity,” the project focuses on two key fields of cultural production where salient issues and ‘the meaning of life’ are regularly discussed and from where reflections of bodily experiences, emotions and affects can be collected: fiction and social media.The present dossier spécial emerged from a first, exploratory workshop connected to the In 2016 project. The dossier’s objective is twofold: while the introduction will give the reader an idea of background of the project in general, the contributions will mirror a first stage in the project group’s experience: the collection of an overwhelmingly huge amount of fresh relevant material, its ‘close reading’ or ‘thick description’, and the individual researchers’ first, preliminary attempts to find the “arrays”, “codes” and “collapsed codes” that seem to be typical of living the ‘2016 experience’.Key words: Historiography of the ‘Arab Spring’, social media, fiction

This paper aims to present the specifics of the Blessed M. Karłowska Care and Education Home for Girls in Poznań. At the beginning of my deliberations I referred to the rules prevailing in the institution. I have presented a number of restrictions that result from the internal rules of the center. I described the possibilities of using the Internet which result from prevailing restrictions. I moreover indicated the forms and ways of foster children’s use of the Internet and referred to theoretical reflections on the teenagers’ use of the Internet.

We swim in a vast sea of news and information, a gestalt of communication channels where the whole is indeed much greater than the sum of its parts. In this process of learning about the world around us through a continuous process of civic osmosis, the Internet and a growing host of electronic devices add dynamic and major channels to this gestalt. However, in the scholarly examination of communication effects, there is a tendency to emphasize individual media more than the communication media collectively as a system. To mix metaphors – to analyze the trees, but not to admire the forest. Individual media, especially the growing array of new channels in the communication landscape, are intriguing and important. But that is not all the story. The impact of individual media on individuals and society often are highly situational. For example, this particularly can be the case in elections where the mix of candidates and concerns of the day create a vastly different political communication culture from election to election. To cite two American examples from the early days of agenda setting research, in the Charlotte study of the 1972 U.S. presidential election, newspapers demonstrated stronger agenda setting effects than television news . However, in the 1976 U.S. presidential election study of three cities, television was the dominant agenda setter . Sometimes a particular medium holds center stage. More often, the media collectively share center stage. If we were to construct a web site for agenda-setting theory and research, a prominent FAQ – to use the contemporary jargon of the Internet – would be whether newspapers or television are the stronger agenda-setter. And the answer to this question is telling. About half the time, there is no discernible difference in the agenda-setting influence of newspapers and television news. The other half of the time newspapers have the edge by a ratio of roughly two to one. Sometimes a particular medium holds center stage. More frequently, the communication media collectively hold center stage. The perspective and approach to agenda-setting research outlined here, civic osmosis, emphasizes the collective role of the communication media. And the proliferation of new media adds a rich variety of dynamic channels to this communication gestalt. Increasingly, we swim in a vast sea of diversity, and we need to understand the currents in this sea, both those that enhance communication across our communities and nations and those currents that pollute the sea. But above all, we need to understand the sea as whole and how it changes and shifts over time.

La participación de la audiencia en la construcción de la actualidad y su contribución en la socialización de los contenidos son valores agregados del ejercicio periodístico en la era digital. Una plataforma que facilita este proceso es Twitter. En esa línea, el presente artículo lista una serie de variables que permite medir la interactividad que mana de las cuentas de microblog de medios de comunicación. Y muestra los principales hallazgos de una investigación, respaldada por el Grupo de Investigación en Periodismo (GIP) de la Universidad de La Sabana, sobre el uso que hacen de Twitter los medios migrantes con mayor influencia social online en Colombia; estos son, El Tiempo, El Espectador, El Colombiano y El País. The participation of audience for building the actuality and its contribution to socialize the content are values-added of journalism in the digital age. A platform that facilitates this process is Twitter. Therefore, this article lists a number of variables for measuring the interactivity flowing in microblog accounts of media. And this article shows the main findings of research, supported by the Journalism Research Group (GIP) at University of La Sabana, about use of Twitter by social online media with more influence in Colombia; these are: El Tiempo, El Espectador, El Colombiano and El País.

In this study we analyze how the social networks are being managed in 22 local digital media of 12 regions of Argentina, Colombia, Peru, Portugal, Spain and Venezuela. Through 22 semi-structured interviews made to their manager, which allow us to appreciate how, at present, the Social Media are seen like resources that help to increase the media capacities around communication and informative channels in spite of the little short development that exist, until now, about new professional profiles dedicated to the social networks management and initial state of empowerment of social media within the media.

Se analiza cómo la difusión de los museos españoles ha evolucionado con la aparición de las tecnologías de la comunicación y la información (TICs), generando nuevos vínculos comunicativos y situando al visitante en el eje central de los mismos. Se valora la función de difusión de diferentes medios (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Flickr, Pinterest, Tumblr, las páginas web, blogs, visitas virtuales, las apps, juegos para tablets y smartphones, códigos QR, Vimeo, YouTube, Google, Foursquare y Periscope) y su aplicación concreta por el Museo Thyssen–Bornemisza de Madrid, a modo de ejemplo, por ser uno de los centros más avanzados en el uso de estas redes sociales. Se demuestra que estas redes resultan ya imprescindibles para acercar los contenidos de los museos a la sociedad, pero que exige un nuevo planteamiento de la comunicación en sentido horizontal y un trabajo continuo de actualización. This article analyzes how the difussion of the spanish museums has evolved since the appareance of new communication and information technologies, using communicative links and placing the visitor at the centre of them. The diffusion function of different media is valued (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Flickr, Pinterest, Tumblr, websites, blogs, virtual tours, apps, tablets and smartphones games, QR codes, Vimeo, YouTube, Google, Foursquare and Periscope) and its concrete implementation by the Thyssen – Bornemisza Museum in Madrid, as an example, because it’s the most advanced center with the use of social media. Here it’s demonstrated that these networks are now essential in order to bring the contents of the museums closer to society, but it demands a new approach to horizontal communication and continuous upgrades / updates.a

[Abstract] Since the origin of the Internet in the late 60's with ARPAnet (Gromov, 1995; Braman, 2011; and Lukasik, 2011), this digital environment gradually started to gain social space. However it was with the appearance of social media -such as Facebook and Twitter- when it was truly a turning point (Carrera et al., 2012; Casero-Ripollés, 2013; Farrel, 2013; Kietzman et al., 2011; Masip et al., 2010; Pérez-Latre, 2011). In the last few years, has been widely discussed how the emergence of social media and its subsequent profound evolutions have served to dramatically widen the range of journalistic practices (Benevuto et al., 2009; Canavilhas, 2011; Chadwick, 2011; Del Fresno et al., 2014; Domingo, 2006; Elola, 2010; Feenstra and Casero-Ripollés, 2012; Gallagher, 2014; Kerrigan and Graham, 2010; Lee and Ma, 2012; Meyer, 2012; Schulz, 2004; Waters et al. 2010; Wilson, 2008). However, what has not been demonstrated is to what extent Facebook and Twitter "“the most popular social media platforms"“ have impacted among political processes and also how media outlets have dealt with this. In order to determine it, a comparative study-review has been carried out which deals with journalism and social media during two political processes which underwent intense media exposure: the Scottish Referendum (September, 2014) and the Catalonian Sovereignty Consultation (November, 2014). Through a literature review in this research the main features of both political processes (Scottish and Catalonian) are going to be explained: what happened in Scotland and in Catalonia; how the behaviour of the audience was and what they searched for on social media; the flow of messages on Twitter and Facebook and how the media outlets dealt with those events on social media and finally, what are the political media systems upon which Catalonia and Scotland are based.

For more than five years now, a variety of forms and methods of conducting a “hybrid war” have been implemented on the territory of the aggressor country, one of the tools of which is the spread of fakes. Due to the use of professional knowledge, appropriate technical and psychological techniques in the process of its preparation, the spread of fake, in most cases, causes considerable social resonance and, under certain conditions, can in the short-term lead to negative consequences - the emergence of foci of socialization of tension. -political situation both in the individual region and in the country as a whole, to discredit the country in the international arena, etc., and in the long-term - a gradual change of outlook and convinced citizens, substitution of memories on the fake, formation of a national idea in a perspective favorable for a certain person (group of persons). The term “fake” has many meanings. In particular, fake consider information hoax or intentional dissemination of misinformation on social media and traditional media. In our opinion, fake in the broad sense (with a focus on harming national security) is the dissemination on the Internet, the media, or in any other way arbitrarily relevant to a given community of information / event data at any given time, facts, circumstances that have not occurred, partly true information or its dissemination through the lens of subjectivism, which, under certain conditions, may adversely affect the development of domestic or foreign political processes and damage the international image of the states. In short, fake is the dissemination of untrustworthy information / data in a view that is favorable to a particular person (group of persons) in order to distort objective reality to achieve a certain purpose. The arbitrariness of distribution is that no matter what source you choose (method of proof) - print or electronic media, social communities on the Internet, blogs, etc. Audience - At least one person. The distribution form can be both oral and written. Well, the information / data itself may not be true in advance, partially true or distorted. It is possible to classify fakes by different criteria. - by the method of distribution: mass media (created for distribution in the rating media) and local (distributed during conversations, in social communities, blogs, etc.); - by the external form of distribution: photo, video, fake journalistic material, fake post, rumor; - by territorial orientation: internal (directed at citizens of a specific territory, states) and external (directed at representatives of the international community); - by orientation (audience): representatives of certain social groups / certain age (students, pensioners) and all citizens; - for the purpose of: sowing panic, inciting ethnic (racial, religious, etc.) enmity; spreading false thought; manipulation of consciousness; entertaining character; drawing attention to someone / something; preparing society for the perception of an event, phenomenon, decision, etc.

[Resumo] As redes sociais são cada vez mais utilizadas pelas empresas e marcas, como um dos principais meios de divulgação de produtos e serviços, devido ao crescimento que estas plataformas tiveram nos últimos anos. Como tal, as instituições de Ensino Superior não são exceção e utilizam os conteúdos publicados nas redes sociais como forma de divulgação da própria instituição e da sua oferta formativa. Especificamente, o content marketing tem vindo a tornar-se numa das estratégias mais utilizadas como forma de aumentar o engagement, e captar novos seguidores nas redes sociais. O objetivo principal consiste na definição e implementação de uma estratégia de content marketing para as redes sociais Facebook e Instagram, através do desenvolvimento de um caso de estudo na Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais (ESCE) do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo, que consiga gerar um aumento da notoriedade da escola e um consequente aumento do número de alunos. Pretende-se ainda criar maior identificação dos alunos, melhorar o engagement das redes sociais com os seus seguidores e obter mais interação por parte de utilizadores que não interagem normalmente com os perfis das redes sociais da ESCE. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, a fundamentação teórica determina as bases necessárias para a definição da estratégia a ser desenvolvida, bem como legitima os seus resultados que, sustentados no estudo de caso, enquanto estratégia de pesquisa, é adequado quando se pretende investigar o como e o porquê de um conjunto de eventos contemporâneos, e por isso requer múltiplos métodos e fontes para explorar, descrever e explicar o fenómeno no seu contexto. Espera-se que a aplicação da estratégia de content marketing desenvolvida, tenha um aumento significativo do engagement nas redes sociais, bem como na interação por parte de utilizadores que não interagem normalmente com os perfis das redes sociais da ESCE [Abstract] Social networks are increasingly being used by companies and brands as one of the main means of disseminating products and services, concerning to the exponential growth that these platforms have had in the last few years. Therefore, Higher Education Institutions aren’t exception and are also using the contents published on social networks as a way of advertising the institution itself and its training offer. Content marketing has increasingly become one of the most used strategies by companies and brands to increase engagement and attract new followers on their social networks. The main goal is to define and implement a content marketing strategy for social networks as Facebook and Instagram, through the development of a case study of Escola Superior de Ciências Empresariais (ESCE) of the Polytechnic Institute of Viana do Castelo, that can generate an increase in the school's awareness and following increase the number of new students. This project also aims to create greater identification from students, improve the engagement of the social networks with their followers and to get more interaction from users who don’t usually interact with ESCE's social network profiles. In order to achieve the proposed goals, the theoretical basis defines the bases for the definition of the strategy to be developed, as well as legitimizes its results, which, based on the case study, as a research strategy, is adequate when investigating the how and the why of a set of contemporary events, and therefore requires multiple methods and sources to explore, describe and explain the phenomenon in its own context. It is expected that the implementation of the content marketing strategy developed will have a significant increase in engagement in social networks as well as in the interaction by users who do not normally interact with ESCE's social network profiles.

Esta investigación estudia cómo se relacionaron en la red de microblogging los principales candidatos a las elecciones generales en España en 2016 con periodistas y medios de comunicación. Dicha plataforma fue elegida por considerarla un interesante laboratorio para estudiar las pautas de difusión de información (Bakshy et al., 2011). Toda la actividad de estas cuentas se capturó mediante el software NodeXL, uno de los principales programas de análisis de código abierto para redes (Hansen et al., 2010). A través de él se identificaron los actores con los que más interactuaron los políticos y se estudiaron las características y contenidos de los mensajes que estos intercambiaron en la red de microblogging. En este sentido, se prestó atención a las redes semánticas y redes de hashtag presentes en dichos tuits para descubrir patrones de significados. El estudio revela que los cuatro políticos analizados se mostraron poco inclinados a interactuar con periodistas y medios de comunicación a pesar de que era un año electoral. El artículo también coincide con otras investigaciones en que Twitter fue empleado como un instrumento de autopromoción para publicitar las actividades del político o de su partido y no como un espacio donde debatir los temas en profundidad; ninguno se atrevió a mantener debates de calado con los periodistas o medios de comunicación.

The current study employed a national sample in order to investigate the phenomenon of fear-of-missing-out (FoMO), the apprehension associated with the fear that other people are having a pleasurable experience that one is not a part of. The current study investigated the role that FoMO plays in TV viewing habits, particularly binge-watching and the consumption of one-time megaevents. Results indicated that FoMO predicts the pace at which people choose to watch TV, social media use as it relates to TV, and whether they are likely to watch some one-time TV programs—such as sporting events like the Super Bowl.

This paper deals with restructuring of library and information science curriculum for the challenge of ICT environment. The paper highlights the following areas: conceptual framework, qualities of Library and Information Science curriculum, rationale for restructuring library and information science curriculum, areas in library and information science curriculum that requires changes, rolls of National Association of Library and Information Science Educators (NALISE), Nigerian Library Association (NLA), Librarians Registration Council of Nigeria (LRCN) and other related bodies in restructuring of library and information science curriculum. The following Information Communication Technology (ICT) courses: electronic resources management, management of social media tools, website design and management, networks and networking, software design and management, database design and management, innovation and creativity were identified as ICT fields that can be integrated into the curriculum. The paper reveals that the curricula of most library schools in Nigeria examined do not contain some ICT components that are relevant to librarians in training for them to be effective in the modern society. The implication of the paper is that heads of library schools in Nigeria should identify the loop-holes in the curricula and take pragmatic measures in reviewing and restructuring the curriculum for library and information science education professional that can deliver in ICT dominated society.Key words: Library Science, Library School, Information Science, Curriculum, ICT Environment

Today museums strive to include LHBTQI perspectives in exhibitions and audience development, as well as in the collections. This article is an attempt to explore three cases of archiving LHBTQI memories and experiences. We use a broad definition of “archiving” to also include digital collections, exhibitions and social media so as to investigate different approaches. The first case we approach is the website Unstraight Museum where we bring to the surface the ways in which its digital collection creates a collective memory, makes LHBTQI experiences visible and queer the official heritage. Our second case is the Museum of World Culture’s exhibition Playground. Here we bring the attention to the ways in wich curatorial themes such as love and family invite straight people to identify with unstraight experiences. Our last case is activists’ blogs at the web platform Tumblr, which we here view as an archive, waiting to be explored by cultural historians. For now it is temporary and ephemeral, in two respects. Firstly, the flows are constantly updated and thereby changing. Secondly, there is no guarantee that posts and accounts will be saved for the future.

This article presents voices from Egypt reflecting on the question of who has the right to have a voice in the country in the first half of 2016. In the spirit of the research project “In 2016,” it aims to offer a snapshot of how it “felt to live” in Egypt in 2016 as a member of the young generation (al-shabāb) who actively use social media and who position themselves critically towards the state’s official discourse. While the state propagated a strategy focusing on educating and guiding young people towards becoming productive members of a nation united under one leader, popular youth voices on the internet used music and satire to claim their right to resist a retrograde patrimonial system that threatens every opposing voice with extinc-tion. On both sides, a strongly antagonistic ‘you vs. us’ rhetoric is evident.

[Resumen] Este artículo analiza la congruencia entre la identidad e imagen de marca desde la gestión de social media en la cuenta oficial de twitter aplicado a uno de los canales de televisión privada en Colombia de alto reconocimiento y tradición como @NoticiasRCN. Para tal fin, se utilizó un diseño exploratorio combinando las técnicas de entrevista a profundidad y encuestas electrónicas. La primera técnica orientada a indagar la identidad de marca, y la segunda orientada a la imagen de marca. Los resultados obtenidos se configuran en siete dimensiones y sugieren áreas de acción prioritaria como la personalidad de marca, la cultura de marca, la percepción técnica visual por parte de los seguidores, y la calidad de los productos de comunicación. Se espera que este trabajo pueda contribuir a practicantes y académicos de marketing y comunicación. [Abstract] This article analyze the congruency between identity and brand image from social media on the twitter official account, from one of the private highly known and traditional TV channels in Colombia taking as reference on this situation @NoticiasRCN. The investigation model, motivate to use deep interview techniques and electronic polls; the first focused to branding identity, on the second part focused to brand image. The result shows areas of priority actions pointing to personally branding and cultural branding. The congruency on the seven dimensions, the visual technique perspective from the followers and quality in communication products. It is hoped that this work can contribute to practitioners and academics of marketing and communication

The FDA [Food and Drug Administration], America's consumer watchdog for food safety, needs a more effective means of communicating with all participants from food sources to consumers. This paper presents a pilot study using responses from an online survey to explore the feasibility of using social media to enhance the current food safety system in the U.S. While more research is needed, the results suggest that, although the primary users of social media are young and well-educated adults, social media networking can play an important role in the rapid dissemination of food recall notices and other preventive information in a message form that is more likely to be read or heard. Thus, the FDA should consider social media as an important tool in increasing the effectiveness of its overall strategy. Key Words: social network; social media; food safety; food recall INTRODUCTION The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether food regulatory agencies such as the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) should adopt a strategy of using social networks to enhance the current food safety system. Research into organizational use of social networks is emerging (Carpenter, Li, & Jiang, 2012; Gulati, Nohria, & Zaheer, 2000; Rangan, 2000), but its strategic use by public organizations has not yet been studied (Mahon, Heugens, & Lamertz, 2004). BACKGROUND Food Safety and Public Policy "The FDA is supposed to be a watchdog for consumers, and for too long, this agency has been coming up short," said Jean Halloran, Director of Food Policy Initiatives at Consumers Union (Consumers Union, 2013). Corporations supplying processed foods in the United States are unable to guarantee the safety of their ingredients. Many do not even know who is supplying their ingredients, let alone if those suppliers are screening for microbes and other potential dangers (Moss, 2009). Currently, the strategic focus of public policy regarding food safety is "control" (e. g., preventive control standards and science-based measures). That control is accomplished in a variety of ways, including product recalls. Food recalls occur for many reasons, including biological or physical contamination or other quality issues. Recalls may be initiated by the manufacturer, distributor, the FDA, or the Department of Agriculture. For the recall process to function effectively, it is important to have rapid dissemination of information and traceability so any affected product can be identified and withdrawn from the market as quickly as possible. But the Food Safety Modernization Act is changing that as it has shifted the direction of food safety management from reaction to prevention. The U. S. President's Food Safety Working Group (FSWG) has advocated a new direction for the U.S. food safety system--a public health-focused approach. The FSWG is committed to modernizing food safety through partnerships with consumers, industry and regulatory agencies (Food Safety Working Group, 2009). The FSWG suggests a route toward a freedom-from-fear food safety environment through its charge: "To have safe food that does not cause us harm and to enhance our food safety systems" (Food Safety Working Group, 2009). Based on three principles set by the FSWG--prioritizing prevention, strengthening surveillance and enforcement, and improving response and recovery--FDA and FSIS are taking 1 action on two initiatives: the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) and the FSIS FIACCP-Based Inspection Models Project (HIMP). Food Safety and Social Media Although "... the systematic study of effective [food] recall communications is in its infancy" (Freberg, 2013; Hallman & Cuite, 2009), Freberg (2013) has shown that both attitudes and subjective norms influence consumers in their intention to comply with a food recall with attitudes having the greater impact. …

As activists increasingly use the Internet to bypass traditional media gatekeepers, disseminate their own messages, and mobilize protests, this study explores how activists in the United States and Latin America view activism in relation to mainstream and alternative media, particularly online media. Results from a quantitative and qualitative survey show activists distrust mainstream, corporate media and most frequently get their news online. Also, despite the digital divide and concerns about corporate control of the Internet, activists were positive about the role of the Internet as an alternative public space for staying informed and for waging activism. ------------------------------------------------------------------- Porque los activistas utilizan cada vez más Internet para eludir los guardianes tradicionales de medios, difundir sus propios mensajes y movilizar a las protestas, este estudio explora cómo los activistas en los Estados Unidos y América Latina piensan sobre el activismo en relación con los medios de comunicación convencionales y alternativos, en particular los medios de comunicación en línea. Los resultados de una encuesta cuantitativa y cualitativa muestran que los activistas demuestran desconfianza en los medios de comunicación corporativos y masivos, y que más frecuentemente obtienen sus noticias en línea. Además, a pesar de la brecha digital y la preocupación por el control corporativo de Internet, los activistas fueron positivos sobre el papel de Internet como un espacio público y alternativo para mantenerse informado y para ejercer el activismo.

Although fresh intakes of communication design students have grown up with constant digital connectivity and social media, they grapple to comprehend the relationship between communication, legibility, and usability of an analogue, printed publication. New intakes of communication design undergraduates, lack aesthetic sensitivity and formal appreciation of printed type. They are at ease when exploring work digitally, or manipulating forms or text on the computer, but when it comes to design for print, and transcribing text onto non-scalable media e.g., paper, they struggle with basic notions of typography, like weight, size, legibility, and hierarchy of information. Consequently, two analogue, tactile studio activities were developed to complement teaching and learning, and assist students to increase their formal and aesthetic perception of type, typography, and communication design. This qualitative research takes a closer look at the two workshops, and considers its impact on the work produced by students. Aunque las nuevas entradas de estudiantes de diseño de comunicación han crecido con la conectividad digital constante y las redes sociales, también se esfuerzan por comprender la relación entre la comunicación, la legibilidad y la usabilidad de una publicación impresa. Para los estudiantes que ingresan al curso de pregrado en Diseño de la Comunicación, carecen de sensibilidad estética y apreciación formal de los medios físicos, como la impresión. Se sienten cómodos explorando digitalmente o manipulando formas o texto en la computadora, pero cuando se trata de diseño para imprimir en medios no escalables, por ejemplo, papel, adolecen de nociones básicas de tipografía, como peso, tamaño, legibilidad y jerarquía. de información. En consecuencia, se desarrollaron dos actividades analógicas para su aplicación en el estudio de diseño, con exploraciones táctiles para complementar la enseñanza, el aprendizaje y también para ayudar a los estudiantes a aumentar la percepción formal y estética relacionada con la tipografía y el diseño de la comunicación. Este artículo presenta dos talleres desarrollados con el fin de abordar el tema de la materialidad en el estudio del diseño y considera su impacto en el trabajo producido por los estudiantes. Embora novos ingressos de estudantes de design de comunicação tenham crescido com a conectividade digital constante e as mídias sociais, eles também se esforçam para compreender a relação entre comunicação, legibilidade e usabilidade de uma publicação impressa. Para alunos ingressantes na graduação em Design de Comunicação, falta sensibilidade estética e apreciação formal da mídia física, como o impresso. Eles ficam à vontade ao explorar o trabalho digitalmente ou manipular formulários ou texto no computador, mas quando se trata de design para impressão em uma mídia não escalonável, por exemplo, o papel, eles sofrem com noções básicas de tipografia, como peso, tamanho, legibilidade e hierarquia das informações. Consequentemente, duas atividades analógicas foram desenvolvidas para aplicação no estúdio de design, com explorações táteis para complementar o ensino, a aprendizagem e também pra ajudar os alunos a aumentar a percepção formal e estética relacionadas a tipografia e ao design de comunicação. Este artigo apresenta duas oficinas desenvolvidas com o intuito de abordar a questão da materialidade no estudo de design, e considera seu impacto no trabalho produzido pelos alunos.

A história da literatura eletrônica está inextrincavelmente ligada à história da computação e das redes. À medida que os computadores se tornam cada vez mais poderosos, acessíveis e onipresentes, o mesmo acontece com sua base de usuários. Conforme as redes digitais migraram da modalidade discada para a Web e para redes de mídia social corporativas, a escala da comunicação digital e do público cresceu exponencialmente. Supondo que uma porcentagem de usuários desses meios busque explorar criativamente as possibilidades de escrita oferecidas por essas tecnologias, poderíamos esperar um nível equivalente de crescimento na produção e na publicação de literatura eletrônica. Será que isso é verdade? E se isso estiver acontecendo, mas de uma maneira que não seja reconhecível pelo campo da forma como ele se define atualmente? Qual é o lugar da literatura eletrônica em nosso mundo exaustivamente conectado Como ela pode se tornar mais conhecida? Para começar a responder a essas perguntas, este artigo descreve uma mudança de paradigma que abre as portas para uma terceira geração de literatura eletrônica.

Since the mid-1990s, our society has substantially advanced digital technologies and their continuous and through integration into people's daily lives. In just a couple of decades, our society has gone from being technically primitive to one of the most advanced in the world (Frey, 2015). Digital technologies have consequently expanded the boundaries of our social circles, and new forms of digital technologies, such as social media and digital platforms, have become parts of our cultural activities. In fact, people do not only use social network sites to keep in touch with friends, but also use them to enjoy certain television drams and popular music. Digital technologies have also changed politics as the users are encouraged to tweet, text, or call in to vote for contestants in everything from reality competition shows to matchmaking endeavours-bridging the gap between our entertainment and our own lives. In the networked 21st century, digital technologies and the media are interwoven, and neither can be separated from contemporary society in most developed and developing nations. By tweeting or uploading people's news and images, the circle of communication is wider than ever (McGivern, 2013). Meanwhile, digital technologies have become some of the most significant tools in the global economy due to their roles as new growth engines for the economy and culture.

This thesis focuses on the question of the renewal of relations between media actors and audiences in the context of the digital transformation of journalism and the advent of social media. It is based on a qualitative and a quantitative content analysis of tweets related to twelve francophone news threads in 2011 and 2016. The results mainly show a gap between uniform and unidirectional uses of Twitter by media actors and the diversified, personal and interactive uses of news on Twitter by audiences. Findings suggest the persistence of long-standing trends in the relations between media actors and audiences – which remain asymmetrical (and tend to become stronger in this sense) despite the possibilities of social interactions offered by the microblogging tool Twitter – and a “resistance” by media actors, especially journalists, to change institutionalized journalistic practices.

Nowadays, computer technology and social media can be used in certain ways to create positive or negative images of political communicators. More and more people receive political communication with the use of electronic devices via the Internet and social media. The ways in which one can create and transmit images of political communicators have evolved. Companies use new methods of gaining and delivering political information to receivers. At present, information technology is sometimes used not only to send political information but also to manipulate the receivers and change their political views in the fight for support and to win elections. Electronic devices, the Internet and social media, can be used to gain support or to defame political opponents. This paper has been written to bring closer how social media participation, computer technology and software can be utilized to obtain information which then, neatly tailored, can serve as a tool to manipulate political views of addressees of political communication. This article presents the procedure of obtaining, processing and applying information in creating images of politicians by private companies. It also analyzes people’s awareness of ways in which social media communication can be used in creation of political image. Hence, a survey has been conducted to research the participation of university students in social media and their awareness of how the data obtained from them can be used in for political reasons. The paper also explains how incorporating and combining social media platforms, psychology, algorithms, the Internet and cutting edge computer software opened new ways to impact political views with political communication.

Our dear colleague, Jes Scott, will defend her MA Thesis on Friday, August 21st, 2015 (10:00-12:00) at Harbour Centre, Room 1520. Here is the abstract of her thesis “How Social Media Users Negotiate Self-Censorship in the Online Public Sphere”.

The Internet produced transformations and chances. This article explains the theory of the Long Tail and how it applies to journalism. Two long tails are transforming the journalism, one related to the exchange of the value of stories over time and, to another one, the increasing number of blogs that, collectively, they are competing with the traditional media for the attention of the readers. The current scene indicates that although the traditional model sender-receiver to have been breached, the function of the journalist will not be extinct, a time that fits to this professional the election paper and of analysis of the important events that must be divulged. Moreover, it indicates that in the future the social media must follow the established communicative model in the participation of the user. A Internet produziu transformações e oportunidades. Este artigo explica a teoria da Cauda Longa e como ela se aplica no jornalismo. Duas caudas longas estão transformando o jornalismo, uma relacionada à troca dos valores-notícia através do tempo e, a outra, ao crescente número de blogs que, coletivamente, estão competindo com a mídia tradicional pela atenção dos leitores. O cenário atual indica que apesar do modelo tradicional emissor-receptor ter sido rompido, a função do jornalista não será extinta, uma vez que cabe a este profissional o papel de seleção e de análise dos acontecimentos relevantes que devem ser divulgados. Além disso, indica que no futuro os meios de comunicação social devem seguir o modelo comunicativo baseado na participação do usuário.

As museums are shifting their traditional focus away from collections and toward their audiences, they are experimenting with new strategies for communication and participation. Consequently, in recent years, a large number of outreach and visitor engagement projects, implemented by museums, have seen the light of day. Although these projects vary significantly in design and setting, they are typically informed by ideas of inclusion, dialogue, and sharing of knowledge – principles that have been inspired by social media and significantly improved by developments in digital technologies. Despite the increasing numbers of museum-facilitated outreach projects, we still know relatively little about the qualitative outcomes for either users or museums. This article investigates the potential impact of including an outreach component in a new museum project that combines an urban setting and the use of digital media.

The article focuses on a study of knowledge creation and organizing in a local history wiki. The background for this study was to understand how web 2.0 and social media might open new possibilities for museums to collaborate with communities and lay professionals in cultural heritage knowledge creation. Digital technologies provide tools that in many ways overcome challenges of physical collaboration between museums and amateurs. But technologies also bring in new aspects of ordering, categorizing and systematizing knowledge that illuminates the different institutional as well as professional frameworks that writing local historical knowledge into digital forms in fact represents.

Social media such as blogs, wikis and digital stories facilitate knowled- ge exchange through social networking. Such media create a new forum within which dispersed audiences - including youth, regional and rural communities - can engage with museums to actively debate notions of identity, and voice these re- flections online. Social media can impact on formal and informal learning within the museum and the effect that this may have on notions of cultural identity. This represents a shift in the ways in which museums: ● act as trusted cultural online networks; ● distribute community knowledge; and ● view their role as custodians of cultural content. Museum communication systems such as exhibitions, public programs, outreach and education seek to provide complex cultural interactive experiences. Social me- dia challenge existing communication models, and few museums have clear strate- gies for engaging communities in content creation. This paper will investigate some of the issues surrounding the use of social media in museum programs and will argue that there are strong epistemological reasons for using social media to add value to museum programs. Keywords: Social media, museum communication, web 2.0, museum learn- ing.

Instagram is a worldwide photo-sharing app for smartphones. Every day, users share more than 70 million photos and videos. Based on existing research on Instagram and other social media, this article describes and compares two speci c projects implemented in the museum Den Gamle By (The Old Town) in Aarhus, Denmark, in 2013 and 2014, in which the museum has used Instagram as a tool for contemporary documentation.

In the last few years, social media has influenced organisational communications as well as reputation management. However, little research has been done on how public-sector organisations such as hospitals perceive this changed communication landscape and how social media use is of relevance when it comes to reputation management. Therefore, this study aims to answer the research question: how do healthcare organisations perceive the importance of social media for reputation in the healthcare sector? To answer this research question, insights into the opportunities and challenge of using social media by healthcare organisation and how possible reputation risks can be mitigated is also investigated. Given the research aim of this study, a qualitative research approach was chosen. More specifically, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 communication professionals associated with social media use by healthcare organisations or working in communications as ‘webcare’ team or online communication advisor of eight different hospitals in the Netherlands. Findings show that social media use was perceived as one relevant aspect within the overall communications by the hospital and as part of reputation management in terms of being able to monitor what is being said about the hospital by people online and branding purposes. Most of the hospitals participating in this study recognised the importance of having a social media policy and employee guidelines for social media use to mitigate possible reputational threats it is recommended by reputation literature. However, findings also show that several hospitals have yet to fully understand the possible reputation risks involved with using social media. Furthermore, hospitals remain behind in the developments when it comes to using social media more strategically for communication purposes. Overall, this study complements reputation management research by providing insights into a lesser explored industry, namely healthcare, and social media research by focusing on the influence of organisational social media use on reputation.