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The article discusses the various studies conducted on the sun's surface. During the 18th and 19th century, properties of the sun's gases were thoroughly studied in laboratories. English solar observer Richard Carrington has identified that there were eruptions of the solar flares associated with sunspots. According to Carrington, auroras and storms in the earth's magnetic field is associated with solar flares.

The article discusses the source of extragalactic cosmic rays. Solar flares accelerate particles to high speeds and increases in the flux of cosmic rays in the earth's atmosphere at times of solar flares. The strong radio sources may provide a significant contribution to the cosmic ray flux. The discovery of the strong radio sources and the realization that they consist of immense fluxes of relativistic particles suggests that they may have something to do with the origin of cosmic rays.

The article focuses on the role of the sun in the production of embryonic cosmic rays. The investigations of the International Geophysical Year (IGY) on solar flares have began on February 23, 1956. IGY workers have set-up a world-wide network of sensitive radio receivers that keeps a continuous record of the level of cosmic radio-noise to monitor the ionization of the upper atmosphere. Cosmic rays consists of 13 percent alpha particles.

Focuses on the sun's corona as the site of eruptions of immense clouds of hot plasma, an electrified gas consisting primarily of protons and electrons. Theory proposed in 1959 to account for solar-induced magnetic storms on the earth; Examples of the bright ascending loop phenomenon; Observation of a coronal transient by astronomers during the 19th century.

This article focuses on the solar flares that were witnessed by a staff of the Sacramento Peak Observatory in Sunspot, New Mexico on February 9, 1958. Through a monochromatic heliograph, the staff saw a sudden, explosive brightness appearing in an area, followed by the lighting up of a network of filaments. Generally, such flares occur when there is an accumulation of a large group of sunspots. Several observations concerning the phenomenon are described.

The article offers information regarding solar storms and how it affects the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) lunar mission. It states that a small group of NASA astronomers will be part of a solar patrol, created to forecast and warn astronauts against possible danger from the sun, at the time of the lunar mission. It presents details on the dangers of the solar flares and how NASA will respond if such incident will occur.

The article focuses on the report of Hugh Odishaw, executive director of the U.S. National Committee for the International Geophysical Year in Science, regarding the scientific discoveries during the earlier part if the International Geophysical Year. The report stipulates that X-rays are emitted by solar flares; that an electric current is flowing in the atmosphere above the Equator; that cosmic rays that shower the earth are attracted toward the magnetic poles.

The article offers updates on the astronomy in the U.S. It notes that the plan of Cape Canaveral in Florida to launch a man to orbit around the world will overshadow the Venus-bound rocket of Russia. The book "The Space Guidebook," by William Weiser clearly shows the relationships between pure astronomy and the space age sciences. It adds that a highly skilled amateurs began studying solar flares and its effects on the ionospheres that contribute significance to short-wave radio technology.

The article offers information on the study conducted by several astronomers using the X-ray telescope system from American Science and Engineering Corp., on the occurrence of a solar flare on the surface of the sun in the U.S. It features the move of the White Sands Missile Range in leading the task through shooting pictures of the sun's surface. It also mentions the importance of the X-ray photographs for the scientists to forecast flares.

The article discusses the worldwide program on astronomical and geophysical observations of the sun, the International Year of the Quiet Sun. The astronomers and physicist observed that there were unexpected large number of sunspots and solar flares which have been going on for 11-months. Their general impression of the Sun at its calm phase of the 11-year sunspot cycle is also analyzed.

The article reports that construction of the biggest solar telescope in the world would begin at the Kitt Peak National Observatory in which the telescope can be used to reveal significant information on the sun's solar flares and sunspots.

The article presents several researches including the discovery of solar flares with energies up to 80,000 volts by Navy scientists and a study is being conducted on a heat treatment for killing organisms that causes plant diseases.