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This is the first report of the estimation of the visual response of premature infants when tested by optokinetic nystagmus. Heretofore, visual acuity has not been determined for infants under the weight of five pounds (2,267.96 gm). All of the infants in this report were premature and less than five pounds in weight. In a previous study, 1 Gorman and associates used the technique of induced optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) to estimate newborn visual acuity. Reinecke and Cogan 2 found that there was a close correlation between OKN and Snellen visual acuity ratings. Other investigations 3-7 have discussed this subject in their determinations of visual acuity (Table 1). Method A total of 44 infants under care in the premature nursery at Children's Hospital of Michigan were examined. Only those infants whose temperature, pulse, and respirations were stable were chosen for examination. Infants' weights varied from 2 lbs 7oz(1,105.63 gm)