Search

The present findings indicate that dimethyl sulfoxide is a useful solvent for the extraction of biological material from human epidermal preparations at physiological temperatures. Lipoproteins and nucleoproteins were the main products found and it is suggested that chemical extraction may contribute to dimethyl sulfoxide action in enchancing the percutaneous migration rates of a wide variety of compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical parameters, work of fracture, ultimate breaking strength and elongation at fracture, were determined from the stress-strain characteristics of normal human stratum corneum conditioned in various physicochemical environments. These biomechanical properties were found to be highly dependent on the conditioning relative humidity (RH) and solvent extraction history. Over the increasing 0 to 100% RH range, untreated stratum corneum breaking strength decreased 85%, while the work of fracture increased 600%. Elongation at fracture increased from 20% at 0% RH to 190% at 100% RH. Ether extraction increased the magnitude of the breaking strength at all RH's while having little influence on RH dependence of the % elongation at fracture as compared to untreated. Sequential ether-water extraction significantly decreased the fracture elongation at the higher RH's while breaking strengths were less dependent on RH than untreated. The lower extensibility of the ether-water treated samples relative to ether extracted or untreated is consistent with the suggested role of water soluble materials being responsible for the water binding necessary for membrane flexibility. The mechanism for the influence of ether extraction on the breaking strength remains unclear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certain N-methylolamides crosslink cotton cellulose at very moderate temperatures (105°-130°C) in the presence of alkaline catalysts, without the fabric yellowing that is usually associated with alkaline curing. Evidence is presented that the active crosslinking agents are alpha-, beta-unsaturated imines possessing CH2=N—C=O groups, and that these undergo base-catalyzed, Michael-type addition to cellulosic hydroxyl groups. N-Methylol agents whose struc tures preclude the formation of imines invariably failed to produce base-catalyzed crosslinking of cotton.Crosslinking of methyl hydrogen silicone to form silicone elastomer on cotton fibers occurred under the same conditions of base catalysis as did cellulose crosslinking. The two processes could be carried out simultaneously to yield a multi purpose finish imparting 287°-305° wrinkle recovery and a high degree of water repellency. Bonding of a phenolic dye to cotton while imparting durable-press properties also has been demonstrated. Tri(methoxymethyl)urea was capable only of single-ended attachment to cotton by alkaline catalysis, as predicted, and could then be made to pro duce delayed crosslinking by acid catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Material which had accumulated on the inner surface of gin roll boxes during the ginning of immature bolls has been collected and subjected to chemical analysis. This deposit material, which was a dried, hard, dark-brown substance, has been shown to be about 25% protein and 8% lipid, the remainder being fuzz fibers, lint, and seed-coat fragments. The protein had an amino acid composition similar to the protein of cottonseed and the lipid was composed of cotton wax and cottonseed oil. It was suggested that the deposit material originates from immature cottonseed and it may be the same as material that causes saw tooth clogging, which can occur when early season machine-stripped cotton is ginned. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A method to measure cottenseed oil and oily seed-coat fragments in raw cotton and waste residues has been developed. Carbon tetrachloride is used to extract cottonseed oil from the Shirley analyzer waste of a known amount of cotton or from a waste residue. The amount of cottonseed oil is determined by quantitative infrared analysis, and can be related to seed-coat fragment content. Results of tests on cottons from several ginning studies show that both cottonseed oil content and seed-coat fragment content vary with ginning treatment. Excess cottonseed oil in cotton contributes to sticking problems in yarn manufacturing, with the problem being particularly acute at the card crush rolls. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article focuses on a method for identifying softeners used for the treatment of durable press cotton fabrics. The method involves solvent extraction of the fabric and examination of the extract by infrared spectroscopy. Samples were prepared by treating mercerized printed cloth with commercial preparations of a long-chain ammonium compound, a modified polyethylene, a polyacrylate and a mixture of polyethylene and polypropylene. Spectra of the softeners were obtained by casting a film of the softeners on an Irttran plate.