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"(1)二科三湖のうち,泉南にある中栄養湖沼型の木崎湖(最大深度29.5m)の夏季における水質とプランクトン相ならびに流出入河川の底生生物相について述べた.(2)5～10mの所に変水層をもち明らかな正列成層をなしている.pHは7.0からアルカリ性に傾き,特に5m附近が大きい.溶存酸素量は,炭水層で過飽和になり,5m附近が最大,特に湖石部の底層は殆ど無酸素状態を呈している.(3)プランクトンは量的にも,種類数もあまり多くはない.動植物プランクトンあわせて全層全域にわたり硅藻のFragilaria crotenensisが優占している.(4)40年前の木崎湖の資料と比較すると種類構成上,幾分富栄養化に出現する種がみとめられる.(5)流入河川の底生動物相は,湖口より離れた石礫底の所では昆虫相がかなり豊富に出現しているが,湖口にほど近い点では湖水の影響をうけるためか出現構成がかわり現存量も著しく減少する.流出する川での石礫底の昆虫の現存量は豊富で造網係数は著しく高い.(6)流入する川での付着藻類は,湖ロに近いところでは,流速がかなりおちてMelosira variansを優占種とする硅藻等が川床表面に広くおおっている.湖口から離れた地点ではSpirogyra sp.が優占性を示している."

"キノコ類も水煮詰として保存されているが今回はP. namekoについて試験を行ない比較検討を行なった.1.今回試験に用いたP. namekoの成分は,祖たんぱく質34.979%,純たんぱく質15.332%,炭水化物31.640%,粗繊維13.450%,粗灰分8.976%,粗脂肪3.45%,マンニット14.266%,トレハロース4.262%,エルゴステリン0.2170%,水分95.796%であった.2.従来の缶詰製法のようにボイルして缶詰とし,常温で一週間放置した缶詰キノコの成分は粗たんぱく質30.069%,純たんぱく貿13.773%,炭水化物30.272%,粗繊維14.053%,粗灰分4.689%,粗脂肪5.069%,マン二ット6.366%,トレハロース4.135%,エルゴステリン0.2238%,水分94.866%であった.3.試験結果よりみると,たんぱく質,炭水化物,灰分,マンニット,トレハロースなどが多量に溶出する傾向が認めらた.4.脂肪,エルゴステリン,粗繊維などは大きな変化は認められなかった.", "Esculent fungi are often preserved by canning by boiling in water. In this paper, the results of analysis about canned Pholiola nameko are reported. 1) The components of fresh P. nameko are; crude protein 35.0%, pure protein 15.3%, carbohydrate 31.6% crude fiber 13.5%, ash 9.0%, crude fat 3.5%, mannit 14.3%, trehalose 4.3%, ergosterol 0.217% and moisture 95.8%. 2) According to usual method of canning, the esculent fungi were boiled in water, canned and preserved in room temperature for a week. The component of this sample wete analized, i. e. ; crude protein 30.1%, pure protein 13.8%, carbohydrate 30.3%, crude fiber 14.1%, ash 4.7%, crude fat 5.1%, mannit 6.4%, trehalose 4.1% ergosterol 0.224% and moisture 94.9%. 3) Protein, carbohydrate, ash, mannit and trehalose are supposed to dissolve easily in water, 4) Little changes were observed about fat, ergosterol and fiber in the fruit body."

"As one of the fungus sociological investigations of fleshy fungus growing on mountain zone in japan, forests of Betula platyphylla var. japonica were surveyed with a practical application of a theory of the survey for forest floor plants extending from 1967 to 1970. Coverage was measured with fairy ring as a new method, and the unit of fungus society was classified from this result. 1) Mainly 25 species of fungus compose societies in Betula platyphylla var. japonica. 2) Most of the characteristic species form the mycorrhiza with B. grossa or Quercits mongolica var. grosseserrata. 3) The unit can be classified into Cortinario-Amanitetum muscariae in which the characteristic species are Amanita muscaria and other 11 species. 4) Tricholomopsis sasae are observed frequently on the forest floor abundant in Sasa kurilensis."

Mycobacterium 607について研究をおこなつた. 培養が古くなると球状の小細胞となる傾向をもつている. 培養が新しい中は, 棒状の細菌は核分裂の後に長く伸び, あるいは枝分れして伸び, ある時期に横に切れていくつもの細胞になる. また, 横分裂の後に, 一つずつの核をふくんで小突起を出し, これが母体からはなれて一つずつの細胞となる.核分裂は核染色色素に染まり, Feulgen 反応陽性の小粒で, 1細胞中に1個であるが, ときに2個以上のこともある. 細胞の分裂ごとに一つの核をふくむ, 核のほかに顆粒状の液胞がある.核分裂は無糸分裂で, 核は二つにちぎれてふえるが, その核分裂の様式は, 有糸分裂への進化の, ある段階を示しているようである.

Intact yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) protoplasts were prepared by treating cells grown in a glucose medium with snail gut enzyme. Preparations fixed in a modified Carnoy's fluid and stained with uranyl acetate were studied in the electron microscope. All traces of cell wall were absent in these preparations. The plasma membrane was found to consist of two electron dense layers separated by a less dense layer, the overall thickness being approximately 80A. Cellobiose-grown cells of the same strain of yeast could not be converted into protoplasts by the snail enzyme procedure.

Polyploidy within Psidium guajava appears to be uncommon but the genus Psidium is represented by di-, tetra-, hexa- and octoploid species. The species and their respective chromosome numbers are: P. guajava and P. polycarpum, 2n = 22; P. guineense and P. cujavillus, 2n = 44; P. friedrichsthalianum (El Salvador), 2n = 44; P. friedrichsthalianum (Costa Rica), 2n = 66; P. cattleianum f. lucidum, 2n = 66. Two plants of P. cattleianum were found to be 2n = 77, a heptaploid number, but whether these plants represent horticultural variants has not been established. Close resemblance in vegetative characters of the species and gross appearance of the chromosomes of P. guajava and P. polycarpum on the one hand and those of P. guineense and P. cujavillus on the other casts some doubt as to their identities.

"秋神ダム湖は岐阜県大野郡秋神村にあって,飛騨川水系秋神川の水を貯水している.この人造湖は堰堤の最下部から取水し隧道によって益田川の朝日ダム湖につながっている.堰堤高は71m,利用水深42m,有効容量17,700,000m^3,湛水面積786,000m^2で,1953年に竣工したものである.1966年8月4日,飛騨川水系資源調査の一環として本湖水の水質ならびにプランクトンを調査するとともに底生動物の調査も併せて行なった.本ダム湖は同年2月完全に放水したが3月には再び満水し,4～6月には水位が一時下がったが,調査当時はほぼ満水に近い状態であった.このダム湖はえん堤の下部より取水して朝日発電所へ送水しているため,底層においてあるていど攪拌が起っていると考えられる.また約6ヵ月前に湖底さらえをしたため,生物および水質ともに前回(1963年)の調査に比べて様相を異にするものと考えられる.なお,水質の分析にあたって,終始親切にご指導ご協力をいただいた愛知県衛生研究所水質科長豊島一男氏はじめ同研究室員各位に深く感謝の意を表する次第である."

"食用担子菌類の常温における保存により,一般成分は量的にどのような成分変化が起るかについて,比較実験を行なった.1.比較的水分の多いCantharellus cifafiusと水分量の少ないGrifolea frondosaの新鮮物と5日間保存したキノコについて定量し,比較考察を行なった.2. Cantharellus cifarius, Grifoola frondosaともにマンニット・トレハロース・水分は多少減少の傾向を示した.3.粗タンパク質・炭水化物・粗センイ・粗脂肪・エルゴステリン・ビタミンB_1・灰分は多少増加傾向を示した.", "Changes of chemical component of esculent fungi during storage under room temperature were analyzed. 1) Fruit bodies of Cantharellus cibarius, relatively juicy, and Crifola frondosa, relatively dry, were analyzed for chemical composition, and compared between fresh fruit body and stored one for 5 days. 2) Mannit, trehalose and moisture decreased slightly in both fungi. 3) Crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, carbohydrate, ergosterol, thiamine and ash had a tendency to increase."

"日本産ヒダナシタケ目(Aphyllophorales)中の肉質キノコ類に関し,その菌類分類学的位置および特微をまとめ,肉質キノコ類を含む科の菌類分類学的特微について言及し,ヒダナシタケ目中最も美味で広く世界的に利用されているアンズタケ科(Cantharellaceae)の成分,特にビタミンCについて研究を進め次の結果を得た.1.アンズタケ科のビタミンCは一般的に約12～30mg%ほど含有されている.2.アンズタケ科のうちアカラッパタケCraterellus aureusが69.30mg%と最も多く含有され,つづいてベニウスタケCantharellus cinnabarinusの60.10mg%が多く,クロラッパタケCraterellus cornucopidioidesの27.32mg%と相当多く,他は11～16mg%程度であった.3.同一種でも採取期や成熟度・採取後の処理,産地によっても多少の差異が認められた.4.成熱度では幼菌体よりもよく成熟した個体が含有量が多く,熟し過ぎると減少の傾向を示すようである."

Observation of the first instar larvae of the arrow-head scale was made every 5 days at 13 stations in Nagasaki Prefecture from May to September in 1964.In 1964, the appearance of the larvae of the scale was earliest in these years of 1962-1964. This early appearance might be resulted in the high temperature in March and April in 1964.Dates of the first appearance and the peak of appearance of larvae of the first generation in each station were shown in Table 1. The earlier appearance was observed at the stations situated in southern part of Shimabara Peninsula. The later appearance was seen at the stations in northern part and islands in this prefecture. At the stations of Omura, Nagayo, Shimabara, Mogi and Ishida (Iki Island), the number of the second generation was as many as that of the first generation. From these results, following 4 areas was recognized tentatively concerning forecasting of the scale occurrence: (1) the southern part of Shimabara Peninsula and Nomo Peninsula (17℃ or more in annual mean temperature), (2) the northern part of Shimabara Peninsula and the coast of Omura Bay (16°～17℃ in annual mean temperature), (3) Isahaya City and the mountaincous region of Matsuura province (15.5°～16℃ in annual mean temperature), (4) the islands situated in the northern prefecture, respectively.

"東海・近畿地方産のCantharellus cibariusの成分分を分析した結果について次のように報告を行なった.1) Cantharellus cibariusの主成分は粗たんぱく質19.77%,純たんぱく質19.52%,炭水化物31.11%,粗脂肪9.25%,粗織雄8.89%,粗灰分10.67%,mannite 7.32%,Trehalose 3.42%,Ergosterm 0.1521%,moisture 93.92%,vitamin B_1 0.101%などであった.2)成熟段階にともなって成分に変化をみるが,その変化に2つの傾向が認められた.すなわち粗たんぱく質,純たんぱく質,粗灰分,manniteなどは成長が進むにつけて,減少の傾向を示し,粗脂肪,粗繊維,Trehalose,Egterin,vitamin B_1などは成長が進むにつれて,増加の傾向を示している.水分も前者に属する傾向を示すと考察された.3) 各成分とも産地の別による差はほとんとみられず,他の食用キノコと同様の結果がみれた.[photograph]", "In the present paper, we have analised the biochemical Components of Cantharellus cibanus which is one of the esculent Basidiomycetes as a food and have described the sporophyte. 1) Biochemical components of the species are as follows. Crude protein : 19.11% True protein : 19.52% Carbohydrate : 31.11% Crude fat : 9.25% Crude fiber : 8.89% Crude ash : 10.67% mannite : 7.32% Trehalose : 3.42% Ergosterin : 0.1521% moisture : 93.92% Vitamin B_2 : 0.101% 2) There was no difference in chemical componement among fruit bodies grown in different district. Similar result was obtained about other esculent Basidiomycetes. 3) The difference of chemical component was clear among fruit bodies in various stage of ripening. When the ripe fruit body was compared with yonuger ones, it contained less crude protein, true protein, Crude ash, mannite and moisture. Crude fiber, carbohydrate, crude fat, trehalose and ergosterin were contained more in ripe fruit body than in unripe one.[photograph]"

"In this paper, the investigations of fungus growing in Castanopsis cuspidata forest, that developes in Suzuka mountains, are reported. 1) From the viewpoint of phytosociology, C. caspidata forest belongs to Sakalieto-Shiietum cuspidatae. These were classified into the faciations of Subass. Cyclobalanopsidetosum, Castanopsis cuspidata community and Subass. dicaletosum. 2) Fungi grow vigorously in summer in C. caspidata forest. Among others, Russula (Russulaceae) and Tylopilus (Bletaceae) are dominant. 3) Various species of esculent fungi are observed also in C. caspidata forest."

Changes in the firing rates of neurons in various subcortical structures induced by application of a 1 sec auditory stimulus were recorded in unrestrained animals during movement-free intervals. Pseudo-conditioning trials (500) were followed by conditioning trials (300). During the latter, a food pellet was presented to the animal by a dispenser after every stimulus, provided there was no detectable movement during the stimulus period. The difference between the response rates before conditioning and after conditioning was considered to be a measure of the effect induced by the conditioning procedure. 1. 1. Except for the early response in the dorsal reticular formation, responses consisting of incremental firing rate were increased in size and number and decremental response were attenuated or reversed. Even in the dorsal reticular formation the neuronal activity rate during the last half of the stimulus was augmented. 2. 2. Before conditioning an increment in the firing rate of neurons appeared in most areas during the first 300 msec of stimulation after which the firing rate returned almost to control levels or even systematically below control levels in some areas. In most cases, conditioning procedures caused the early increment to be augmented and the neuronal rate to stay elevated above control levels during the remainder of the 1 sec stimulus (thus reversing the decremental tendency where it had appeared). 3. 3. Incremental changes were largest in hippocampus. These changes were, on the basis of deductive arguments, considered to be independent of skeletal and attentional components of the conditioned response on the one hand, and unrelated to sleep and waking or inhibitory processes on the other. It seemed possible therefore that the changes might be related to a short term or temporary trace of a motivationally significant event.

"Grifola albieans Imazekiの成分を分析した結果について報告した.1)各成分とも産地の別による差はほとんどみられず,他の食用菌類と同様の結果がみられた.2)成熟段階に伴なう成分の変化にはかなり顕著なものがみられた.すなわち粗たんぱく質および純たんぱく質はかなり減少したが,炭水化物,粗脂肪,粗灰分および水分も減少する傾向がみられた.粗せんい,マンニット,トレハロースおよびエルゴステリンは成熟につれて増加の傾向がみられた.4)粗脂肪,マンニットおよびエルゴステリンの変化については,Sarcodon aspratusは逆の傾向がみられた.", "The chemical components of the fruit bodies of Grifola albieans Imazeki were anayzed. 1) There was no difference in chemical component among fruit bodies grown in different district. Similar result was obtained about other esculent Basidiomycetes. 2) The difference of chemical component was clear among fruit bodies in various stages of ripening. When the ripe fruit body was compared with younger ones, it contained less crude protein, pure protein, carbohydrate, crude fat, crude ash and moisture. Crude fiber, manmt, trehalose and ergosterin were contained more in ripe fruit body than in unripe one. 3) In G albieans, manmt and ergosterin increased and crude fat decreased as fruit body ripened, but opposite results were obtained about Sarcodon aspratus."

The isothermal map of the Hakone volcano at sea level shows that the geothermal area now 12 by 13 km in diameter is clearly related with the present volcanic activity in central cones. Four zones are recognized in the distribution of thermal waters. Zone I is characterized by acid-sulfate water associated with solfataric gases, and is found at the highest elevation of the volcano. Zone II is characterized by bicarbonate-sulfate water issuing at the middle elevation. Zone III is high-temperature streams rich in sodium chloride, poor in bicarbonate and sulfate, flowing from the depth of active fumaroles across the zone of bicarbonate-sulfate water (zone II). Zone IV is characterized by sodium chloride-bicarbonate-sulfate water discharged at the lowest elevation. Chemistry and occurrence of thermal waters suggest the following mechanism for the genesis of thermal waters. Groundwater which infiltrates through the western side of the caldera seems to be flowing eastward passing through the basal part of central cones, where high-temperature dense steam is coming up through volcanic vents. Subsurface streams of high-temperature waters thus start from the vent area, run through the permeable zone mixing with groundwater and appear as hot springs on the steep slopes of the Hayakawa gorge at the east. The average contribution of volcanic dense steam rich in sodium chloride is estimated to be 25 ∼ 35% to the sodium chloride water of zone III. Thermal discharge evaluated by the geochemistry of sodium chloride water is 2.1 ∼ 3.0 × 107 cal/sec, which in turn suggests that the energy economy of the Hakone geothermal system is essentially controlled by the activity of dense steam carrying a considerable amount of sodium chloride. The bicarbonate waters are widely distributed over the area remote from the fumarole. Hot waters and volcanic gases directly coming from the vent area are relatively poor in carbonate matter. All these facts suggest that most of the carbonate materials are supplied by decomposition of fossil plants intercalated in volcanic formations. It is also suggested that acid volcanic gases rich in hydrogen sulfide are secondary products by repeated processes of vaporization and condensation of volcanic steam in the hot shallow depth of central cones. The relation between the earthquake activity and the thermal water of the volcano is briefly discussed.

"日本産の肉質キノコ類の消化に関して,ラットに給餌し,糞の検鏡により形態的に観察,不消化物の状態について試験を行った.その結果は次の通りである.1) BasidiomycetesにおいてはTricholomataceae, Amanitaceae, Cortinariaceae, Russulaceae, AscomycetesにおいてはClavariaceaeのFamilyはよく消化されていた.2)BasidiomycetesにおいてはBletaceae, Strobilomycetaceae, AscomycetesにおいてはCantharellaceae, PhylacteriaceaeなどのFamilyに不消化の種類が多い傾向が認められた.3)特に不消化に近い形で排泄されるのを認められたLeccinum scabrum, L. rugosiceps, Strobilomyces floccopus, Boletellus russelliiについて菌傘部,菌柄部にわけて試験した結果,菌傘部に不消化物が多いことを認めた.4)菌傘部の表面と裏面の管孔部にわけて試験したが,管孔部が特に不消化物が多い傾向を認めた.5)管孔部を除いたイグチ科,オニイグチ科は普通の消化のよい肉質キノコと変りがなかった.", "Albino rats were fed the test diet which contained fruit body of Esculent fungus. The feces were observed under microscope about undigested fragments of the fruit body. 1) The fruit bodies of Amanitacese, Cortinariaceae and Russulaceae which belonged to Basidiomycetes and the ones of Clavariariaceae which belonged to Ascomycetes were well digested. 2) Indigestible species were observed mainly Boletaceae and Strobilomycetaceae which belonged to Bacidiomycetes and in Cantharellaceae and Phylacteriaceae which belonged to Ascomycetes. 3) Since the fruit bodies of Leccinum scabrum, L. rugosiceps, Strobilomyces floccopus and Boletellus russellii were excreted as undigested form, further studies were carried out separately about pileus and stalk parts of a fruit body. The result indicated that the pileus part was indigestible. 4) The polyporous part of the back of pileus was indigestible when it was compared with the surface of pileus. 5) When polyporous part was removed, fruit bodies of Boletaceae and Strobilomycetaceae were as digestible as other fungi."

"The excellent esculent fungi such as Tricholoma matsutake and others were observed to grow in the Pinus densiflora forest. The authors observed the fungi growing in P. densiflora forest of Suzuka mountains. 1) From the viewpoint of Faciation, the forest of Suzuka mountains belong to the forest of Rhodoreto-Pinetum densiflorae. These forests were classified into following six Subassociations, i. e. Subass rhodoretosum, Subass quercetosum, Subass cyclobalanopsidetosum, Subass micanetosum, Subass sasetosum and Sabass dicranoptendetosum. 2) In P. densiflora forest, Tricholoma pinetorum and other fungi grew even in snowdrift season. Mycena pura and other fungi grew in spring. Russula and other many species of fungi were observed in summer. From late summer to autumn, the excellent esculent fungi such as Tricholoma matsutake were observed. 3) Thirty species of the esculent fungi were on the forest floor and four species were on the woods. 4) The fungi to be observed in P. densiflora forest were three species in winter, seven species in spring, fortyone species from summer to autumn and twentysix species in autumn. 5) The distinctive species of fungi were observed in every Faciations."

"In this paper, the investigations of fungus growing in Castanopsis cuspidata forest developing in Tokai district are reported. 1) From the viewpoint of phytosociology, C. cuspidata forest belongs to Sakakieto-Shiietum cuspidatae. These forests were classified into the faciations of Subass. Cyclobalanopsidetosum, Castanopsis cuspidata community, Subass. dicaletosum, Subass. Myrsinetosum and Subass. Cyclobalanopsidetosum. 2) Russula adusta-R, lepida community was formed in Castanopsis cuspidata forest. 3) Fungi forming the mycorrhiza such as Russula, Leccinum, Lactarius and Amanita were recognized. 4) Ligneous plants on which mycorrhiza were formed were recognized to be Castanopsis and Cyclobalanopsis."

Pollen of Psidium guajava L. germinated at pH levels of 4.5-7.0 up to 33 hr after anthesis. Germination of fresh pollen was depressed at pH 7.0 but germination of older pollen was enhanced. Pollen 1-2 days old which failed to germinate in vitro still induced fruit set when used in pollination, indicating that it was still functional. Pollen germination in vitro of the species studied varied considerably. Generally, pollen of species with high chromosome numbers germinated poorly. Pollination studies indicated partial self incompatibility in all species studied. Reciprocal interspecific crosses showed pronounced differences in compatibility.