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The major objectives of the study were to produce a storage/transportation model which minimized (1) the cost of storage space for book materials, and (2) cost of transportation for book materials. In minimizing these costs, they are considered in relation to the time required to provide service. The data used in the study include land and construction costs, library space usage and transportation data. These data analyzed on an annual cost-per-volume basis enabled a comparison of all of the alternative models on a common denominator. Two versions of the final model are presented. The first presents a solution to the delivery problem at the current rate of transaction between the five member libraries. Of the alternatives studied, United Parcel Service provides the optimum time-cost trade-off in this case. The second version proposes that a high density storage library be built, incorporating a computer-controlled Randtriever system. This configuration solves not only the storage space problem but also enables the utilization of FAUL-operated vehicles, offering the cheapest and fastest delivery service when the loads are high enough. The centralization of these materials-handling services can also support other services which the libraries may wish to consider, e.t., computerized coordinated acquisitions, serials control, status file interrogation and microform services. (Author/AB)

A cross-sectional survey was conducted on serum samples collected from North and South Gondar zones of North Western Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia to determine the sero-prevalence of foot and mouth diseases in bovine species. The samples were processed with the nonstructural protein (NSP) enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that can able to differentiate foot and mouth disease (FMD) naturally infected vaccinated animals. From the total sera tested, the overall sero-prevalence of foot and mouth disease in cattle at the North and South Gondar zones was 14.9% (86/578). The prevalence rate was high in North Gondar, 17.8% (66/370), as compared to 9.6% (20/208) in South Gondar and the difference was statistically significant (χ² =7.108, p=0.008). Highest sero-prevalence was observed at Metema (62.5%), Quara (46.7%) and Alefa Takusa (34.9%) districts of North Gondar zone, which are bordering with Sudan. The difference among the districts is also statistically significant (χ²=141.115, p=0.0001). There was also a significant association between seropositivity and age groups (χ²=9.483, P=0.009) but there was no significant association between the seropositivity and sex (χ²=0.623, p=0.430). This information on sero surveillance of foot and mouth disease in cattle is important for further epidemiological studies towards developing effective foot and mouth disease control strategies, particularly in these areas where animal movement is not restricted.Keywords: Cattle, Seroprevalence, FMD, North West Amhara Region, 3ABC ELISA

This study was conducted in Gurage Zone at Wolkite University in 2016/17 cropping season. The field experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) using three replications and four treatments. The effect of different mulching material such as grass, banana, plastic and control mulch on growth parameters (plant height, germination rate, leaf number of branch per plant,) of hot pepper was conducted for three months. Data was collected and compared by using LSD at significant level of 0.05.The result showed that the highest and lowest plant height was obtained for grass mulch (T1) and control (T4) on the other hand no plant height was registered for plastic mulch. Generally, from the result of this study we recommended that farmers use of grass mulch increase the rate of hot pepper seedling and growth performance by maintain soil temperature, soil moisture and provide good air circulation with in soil spores than other mulching materials. The awareness of farmers should be increased by providing adequate training regarding with the type of appropriate mulching material, So, they can produce proper operation during the growth of paper to avoid the infestation of weed by mulching. According to analysis of variance there was significant different among treatments on the number of braches per plant and also results of the analysis of variance indicated that different mulching material were shown significantly (p>0.05) effect on plant height of pepper. However, there is no significant variation among the treatment for number of leaves. Since the recommended using vativar grass mulch until another investigation was done. This is a short term strategy; therefore, the study should be repeated over year. In order to address the significance of all the studied characters and to recommend the appropriate mulching material for further hot pepper production.

Garlic (Allium sativum) has for centuries been valued by humans for food, culinary and medicinal purposes world over. The objective of this study was to investigate genetic variability among garlic accessions for yield, yield related and phenology traits in Ethiopia. A field study was conducted at the DebreZeit Agricultural Research Center during 2012, using 49 garlic accessions from the highlands of North Shewa, East and West Arsi, Arsi, Bale and Sidama zones, which are among the major garlic producing areas in Ethiopia. The experiment was arranged in a 7x7 simple Lattice design, with two replications. Accession were highly significant (P < 0.01) for days to maturity, leaf number per plant, neck diameter, yield per plant, biological yield per plant, dry weight above ground, bulb dry weight, dry weight underground, clove number per bulb, and clove weight per bulb. Heritability estimates ranged from 82.48% for clove number, to 6.46% harvest index. High heritability, combined with high genetic advance (as per cent of mean) observed for mean clove number, yield per plant, biological yield per plant and clove weight per plant showed that these characters were controlled by additive gene effects. Thus phenotypic selection for these characters would likely be effective in variety selection and development. Bulb yield per plant had positive and highly significant genotypic and phenotypic correlations, with all characters, except plant height and harvest index. Path analysis at phenotypic level revealed that biological yield and bulb dry weight contributed major positive direct effects to bulb yield per plant. These traits showed positive and highly significant genotypic correlations with bulb yield except harvest index

Incubation of carnitylcholine with either of the cholinester hydrolases failed to destroy the molecule. Carnitylcholine has weak anti-cholinesterase activity, and it competitively inhibited the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine by either cholinester hydrolases. The acetylation of carnitylcholine by brain preparations containing both choline and carnitine acetyl transferases was not achieved. The intramuscular injection of carnitylcholine promotes efflux of several enzymes from muscle into plasma. Of the enzymes investigated, creatine kinase likely appears in the plasma in greatest amounts after treatment with the drug, followed by aldolase. In the muscle itself, phosphorylase activity showed the greatest decrease. On the other hand, citric acid cycle enzymes such as succinic dehydrogenase do not migrate from muscle cell to plasma.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of T2DM in Ethiopia is on the rise according to certain studies. Appropriate management approaches are required to achieve desired goals of therapy in the clinical setup. This study was conducted to assess the treatment pattern and the factors associated with BP and FPG control among patients with T2DM in Federal Police Referral Hospital.METHOD: An institution based cross sectional study was conducted from 15th October 2016 to 15th January 2017. A Systematic random sampling technique was employed in selecting the study participants. Data was collected using semi-structured interview and visiting medication records. SPSS version 20 was used for data analysis.RESULTS: Out of a total of 414 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, 361 were successfully interviewed and considered for further analysis. Target BP level was achieved in 206(57.1%) of the patients, whereas the proportion of hypertensive diabetics who attained the recommended BP target was 19.4% (n=40). Of the 361 participants who were checked about their current FPG level, only 142(39.3%) were found to be

We were particularly pleased to receive the contribution from Tesfaye Gessesse of Ethiopia. It is dangerously easy for the outsider to assume that most of the better African writing will employ the major European languages, especially French and English. And indeed there have been most powerful and distinguished works by Africans in these languages. Such work has apparently not been in the least inhibited by the use of the second language which the writers employ with such virulent and accomplished skill. Yet there is also a large amount of literature being written in the indigenous languages of Africa and published locally, which is too readily neglected. This neglect stems initially from the blank incomprehension that must affect a westerner when presented with a piece of writing printed in the standard orthography of Yoruba or Xhosa. Yet even this is not the whole problem. Writing can readily enough be translated–and many of us have no nearer connection with the great European novels such as “War and P...