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In previous papers we have described the presence of the lethal factor which was exerted by the submandibular glands transplanted from adult male donor mice autologously and isologously. The lethal factor was not demonstrated by submandibular grafts obtained from immature male or adult females. We then hypothesized that the lethal factor may be directly related to sexual maturation of male donors and also to an action of testosterone. To clarify this hypothesis, the present experiments were carried out, and the results obtained indicate that the lethal factor is testosterone-dependent. Submandibular grafts obtained from both immature male and adult female donors which received pretreatment with testosterone enanthate exerted a lethal effect on the hosts. Large dosages of testosterone enanthate, which obviously increased the lethal factor level in the submandibular gland, did not kill normal intact adult mice; nor did it increase the mortality of bilaterally submandibular-sialoadenectomized immature mice beyond that of controls without testosterone treatment, when they were not transplanted. Although the site of production of the lethal factor is unknown, we postulate that the submandibular gland is the source.

Presentation of Case A twenty-seven-year-old woman, graida 1, para 1, was admitted to the hospital because of progressive virilization. Four months previously, during the seventh month of pregnancy, she became aware of deepening of her voice and coarsening of her features. One week before delivery there was an increase in facial hair. She gave birth to a normal, hill-term female infant. Testosterone enanthate, 360 mg, and estradiol, 16 mg, were administered immediately after delivery to suppress lactation. Subsequently, the signs of virilization progressed, and resumption of the menses did not occur. Two weeks before entry there was a profuse vaginal . . .

Single submandibular glands were isografted intraperitoneally to normal BALB/c mice. From the day following transplantation, 20 mg testosterone enanthate fortnightly, or daily intraperitoneal injections of 0.25 mg per gram body weight of isoproterenol-HCl were given. Control mice were untreated. The grafts were removed from five mice in each group 1, 2, 4, or 8 weeks after grafting. Regardless of treatments, only ductal cells were observed one week after transplantation. With testosterone treatment for longer than two weeks, their remaining ductal cells tended to accumulate secretory granules. Some appeared to be secretory tubules resembling those in the glands of normal adult male mice. When the glands were transplanted from females to male hosts, surviving grafts responded to endogenous androgen of the hosts, and some secretory tubules reappeared without testosterone treatment. Contrarily, with isoproterenol treatment for longer than two weeks, acinar cells reappeared in the grafts, but no secretory tubules were observed. The remaining ductal cells often underwent hyperplastic changes with reappearing tubules or acinar cells amongst them corresponding to post-transplantational treatment. Mechanisms of differentiation of these three different components of submandibular glands were found to be different and each had specific affinity to testosterone or isoproterenol. Grafts were removed from hosts treated with testosterone for two months, and when 4 or 8 of these grafts were retransplanted into each new host, they demonstrated a lethal effect.

A quantitative paper chromatographic method has been developed which is routinely used as a stability assay for steroid esters having a 4-dehydro-3-keto configuration. The method involves: (a) a separation between the parent steroid ester and the free steroid, (b) the quantitative elution of the steroid ester from the chromatogram using an acidified methanolic solution of isonicotinic acid hydrazide, and (c) a spectrophotometric analysis of the eluate. Recoveries in excess of 95% are obtained by simultaneously chromatographing replicates of standard and sample solutions on the same chromatogram. A detailed account of the procedure is presented using, as examples, the assay of 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate and testosterone enanthate in oil formulations.

1. 1. Parenteral administration of testosterone enanthate in the lungfish, Lepidosiren paradoxa , induces growth of pectoral and pelvic hindlimb vascular filaments. 2. 2. The filaments have the microstructure of primitive gills, and are comparable to the nuptial developments of the male in the Paraguayan Chaco described by nineteenth-century naturalists. 3. 3. Circumstantial evidence suggests the limb filaments aid in oxygenation of the blood, reduce the frequency of trips to the surface for air and increase the time on guard over the eggs in the nest. 4. 4. After prolonged androgen treatment, three finger-like digits including chemotactic organs develop on the tips of the forelimbs.

The androgen-dependent growth of the preputial gland was studied in normal (Nl) male and female rats as well as in the androgen-insensitive Stanley-Gumbreck male pseudohermaphroditic (Ps) rat. Preputial gland weight was 3 times higher in the Nl males than Nl females or Ps rats. Castration of Nl males reduced preputial gland weight to that of females. Administration of testosterone enanthate, 6 mg daily for 10 days, to intact Nl female and castrated Nl males produced 4-fold increases in preputial gland weight, total soluble protein and total RNA; a doubling of total DNA; and a 9-fold increase in β-glucuronidase activity. By contrast, this dose of testosterone enanthate had little effect on the preputial gland of Ps rats, but when treatment was increased 100-fold (60 mg daily) several indexes of preputial gland growth were stimulated, indicating that the genetically determined androgen insensitivity is relative rather than absolute. Since the androgen-dependent control of DNA, RNA and protein synthesis were...

The effects of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate, chemically pure progesterone, and anhydrohydroxyprogesterone on the highly proliferated vaginal epithelium and endometrium of 6 surgical castrates were evaluated and compared. It has been found that dosages of progestational agents sufficient to induce complete secretory changes in the endometrium indistinguishable from those in the secretory phase of a normal menstrual cycle also induce so-called luteal changes in the vaginal epithelium.

Two hundred and forty-seven patients have been studied, 223 of whom have received varying hormone medications in order to test their efficacy in the suppression of the symptoms associated with lactation. Of these, 49 have received various short-acting preparations and 174 have received various long-acting preparations. More patients were placed in the latter series after an initial screening period, the number tried on the preferred preparations being thereby increased. At the present moment, the results of this study indicate that, of all the preparations tried, the two long-acting medications, estradiol valerate and the combination of estradiol valerate and testosterone enanthate, are the preferred agents for suppression of pain, engorgement, and lactation. Furthermore, the administration of at least one of them (estradiol valerate plus testosterone enanthate) within 4 minutes or less of delivery of the placenta appears to give a greater percentage of excellent results.

SummaryThe effect of 17-ethyl-19-nor-testosterone (E.N.T.) and testosterone enanthate (T.E.) on development of gastric ulcers in fasting cortisone treated rats was studied. Pretreatment of rats with E.N.T. gave a very marked protection against ulcers in cortisone treated rats. It was also noted that S35 uptake by sulphated mucopolysaccharides of gastric tissue was significantly reduced in cortisone treated fasting rats as compared with rats fasting only, or those given E.N.T. prior to cortisone. Androgen T.E. had no marked protective action. No direct parallelism was noted between surviving rate and ulcer occurrence in steroid treated fasting rats.

La testosterone, administree de faccon chronique a des souris femelles provoque und diminution statistiquement significative de l'index juxtaglomerulaire. Les femelles traitees par la progesterone ou les souris mâles et femelles des groupes controles ne presentent aucune variation. Ces constatations sont discutees en relation avec l'effet de la testosterone sur le flux sanguin renal, la pression de perfusion glomerulaire et la secretion d'aldosterone, de renine et d'erythropoietine.

Inhibition of precocial copulation in the domestic chick by progeste rone brain implants was investigated. 2 week old male chicks showing androgen-primed (20 mg testosterone on Day 6 and 30 mg testosterone enanthate on Day 7) precocial copulation received progesterone implants (112 mcg) in the preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum. Those with progesterone implants in the medial preoptic area produced more inhibition of copulatory pattern than hormone implants in other brain areas (p less than .001). Chicks with cholesterol brain implants were less active than subjects with progesterone implants in the medial preoptic area (p less than .05) gained less weight than chicks with subcutaneous progesterone implants (p less than .05) and had smaller com b size increases than those with progesterone implants in the medial preoptic area (p less than .01). These results indicate that precocial copulation in domestic chicks may be selectively inhibited by progestero ne implants in the medial preoptic area.

Nineteen male children with “constitutional delay in growth and/or development”qualified for this retrospective study of the effects of androgens on final adult stature. Twenty-one patients served as untreated control subjects. The bone age was retarded in all patients. Those in the treatment groups received methyltestosterone (13 patients), fluoxymesterone (4 patients), or testosterone enanthate (2 patients). The average duration of treatment was 5.3 months, and low doses of all three androgens were used. Predictions of final height overestimated actual achieved final heights by an average of 1.3 inches in the control group. Androgen therapy as described did not affect ultimate height adversely and, in fact, treated patients achieved an average final height much closer to the average predicted height than the control group.

Testosterone enanthate was used in conjunction with uracil mustard or melphalan in the treatment of seven cases of multiple myeloma. With the administration of testosterone enanthate leukopenia was not as severe after a second identical course of chemotherapy. Two additional cases were treated with testosterone enanthate alone, and subjective improvement and a rise in hemoglobin concentration occurred. This study suggests that testosterone enanthate may be a useful adjunct in the treatment of multiple myeloma with alkylating agents.

This paper records observations made on conception in sows treated with a long-acting androgen-oestrogen mixture. The observations were made as part of an experiment originally undertaken to examine the value of treatment with this agent for the diagnosis of pregnancy in pigs. It has previously been observed that administration of a similar mixture was followed by heat in cattle previously showing ovulation in the absence of heat. By the same treatment an ovulatory heat was induced in anoestrous, barren animals, but existing pregnancies were not disturbed (J\l=o"\chle,1964). It seemed probable that the existence of pregnancy would be established if heat failed to occur following administration of the agent. Two milligrammes oestradiol valerate and 5 mg testosterone enanthate were administered to sows 9 to 12 days following service. The experimental group comprised ninety-eight German Landrace sows (from two research farms of the Max-Planck-Institute) served at the first heat following weaning. A group of 619 sows at the same farms, mated over the experimental period, served as controls. The matings of the treated animals were made by a total of sixteen boars (see Table 1). Only animals which farrowed were judged to have been pregnant. All non-pregnant sows showing heat were mated again immediately. Treatment with the androgen-oestrogen mixture proved highly effective as an indicator of the existence of pregnancy : all treated non-pregnant sows showed heat, but no treated pregnant sow showed heat symptoms. Unexpected was the unusually high conception rate of the treated animals: 90\m=.\8% (89 out of 98 sows) farrowed compared with 78\m=.\2%(484 out of 619) control animals (P = 0\m=.\01). This percentage varied from 15 to 25 % between the two farms and the boars used for mating. To eliminate those influences, treated and untreated animals mated by the same boar have been compared. Table 1 summarizes the farrowing performance of sows mated to the individual boar. It is shown that there were considerable differences in fertility between boars. Altogether conception rate among treated sows is higher (90\m=.\8%) than that among untreated sows (81\m=.\9%)(P = 0\m=.\05). In seven out of nine boars treatment apparently increased the number of sows mated successfully. There is no evidence

Se han tratado 10 pacientes portadores res de anemia aplástica, dos con médula ósea hipercelular, mostrando perifericamente el primero anemia y leucopenia y el segundo sólo anemia. Los ocho casos restantes presentaron médula ósea aplástica con pancítopenia periférica. Todos los pacientes recibieron Enantato de Testosterona entre períodos de tres y doce meses, siendo la administración intramuscular. A tres pacientes se les administró 100 mgms. dos veces por semana. Uno recibió 100 mgms. dos veces por semana pero falleció al primer mes de tratamiento. El resto recibió 250 mqms. dos veces por semana. Se logró obtener una remisión en cinco casos, uno falleció y cuatro fueron refractarios al tratamiento. La remisión fue acompañada de la normalización de la ferrokinética., We treated 10 patients with aplastic anemia res, two with hypercellular bone marrow, showing the first peripherally anemia and leukopenia and anemia only second. The remaining eight cases had aplastic bone marrow with peripheral pancytopenia. All patients received testosterone enanthate periods between three and twelve months, with intramuscular administration. Three patients were given 100 mgms. twice weekly. One received 100 mgms. twice a week but he died the first month of treatment. The rest received 250 MQMs. twice weekly. We managed to get a referral in five cases, one died and four were refractory to treatment. Remission was accompanied by normalization of ferrokinética.

Hybrid chick embryos with a sex-linked marker were treated with estradiol benzoate. After hatching, females and intersexual males were treated with a combination of estradiol benzoate and testosterone enanthate. After 1 wk of treatment, a histological study of their oviduets was made. Oviduels from intersexual males responded to hormonal stimulation by differentiating typical infundibular and albumen-secreting portions. Albumen-secreting glands contained granules with the same characteristies as those previously deseribed in oviducts of normal hens. These results demonstrate that oviduets of intersexual males can complete their differentiation.

Fifteen patients on a program of maintenance dialysis were given courses of testosterone enanthate therapy in weekly doses of 400 to 600 mg, intramuscularly, for 5 to 44 weeks. Thirteen pa...