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Time and space will not permit a detailed history of the development of Industrial Arts in the high schools, therefore I will limit my discussion to a brief history of its development and of its merits as a subject worthy of its place in our American High Schools. There have been changes in the name and purposes of Industrial Arts. It probably owes its beginning to the desire and need of the early man to fashion a weapon or weapons for gathering food and for his personal protection. Hence the cave man made his crude wooden club. Then a lighter club with a sharp rock in the end, similar to the tomahawk used by the American Indian. Woodwork, or manual training comes from a desire on the part of the young boy to whittle with a knife or fashion play things by the use of hammer and saw. Manual training or woodwork simply aided in directing the natural desire of most boys through the use of woodworking tools. Closely correlated with the development of woodworking was the development of tools, machines, and implements to facilitate and extend its possibilities. Axes to fell the trees; adzes to hew and shape great timbers for roofs and frames for ships; saws to cut more evenly and expeditiously; knives, gauges, and carving tools to decorate; planes and files to smooth; bits to bore holes for wooden pegs or screws and bolts. Next came the development of the various labor saving machines to do most of the work that was done by hand. As an educational term, manual training includes all hand work used as a means in general education. It differs from trade education through the apprenticeship systems in that it emphasizes the educational element rather than the commercial or industrial element. This "hand training" or manual training emphasizes manual skill. This training developed habits of accuracy, judgment and observation formed through manual activities. There are differences in opinion as to when and what country in

Wind tunnel tests were conducted at Mach numbers of 6 and 8 to obtain pressure and normal-force distribution data on the Tomahawk and Sandhawk configurations. Model angle of attack ranged from -4 to +6 deg at free-stream Reynolds numbers, based on model diameter, of 430,000 and 730,000 at Mach number 6 and 430,000 and 580,000 at Mach number 8. Selected results are presented to illustrate the types and quality of data obtained.

Twenty-two sounding rocket systems were prepared and delivered by Thiokol Chemical Corporation consisting of fourteen Ute-Tomahawk vehicles and eight Paiute-Tomahawk vehicles. In addition to fabrication, assembly and adjustment of vehicle components, Thiokol provided additional related support to Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories in the form of static tests and computational, analytical, and field engineering services. Rocket motors and igniters; the TE-416 Tomahawk, the TU-715 Ute, and the TU-716 Paiute were major components of the twenty-two sounding rocket systems. Other system components included the Ute/Paiute tail assembly, launch lugs, Ute/Paiute-Tomahawk interstage adapter, Tomahawk tail assembly, and Tomahawk despin modules. Four Paiute booster motors were statically fired to verify the propellant batch. Computations and analyses were completed for Ute/Paiute-Tomahawk vehicles to allow theoretical prediction of trajectories, roll rate and pitch natural frequency histories, static stabilities, wind weighting data, and heating analyses.

The purpose of RAVE II was to bring together for a limited evaluation, vehicles of commercial and military design responsive to logistical support of small fighting units in remote areas. Assembling the equipment into one area and operating over identical terrain provided the Department of Defense technical personnel an opportunity to see the equipment operating over natural obstacles. To add realism, no rehearsals or dry runs of RAVE II were conducted. Much of the terrain over which the vehicles operated had not been disturbed by man for considerable periods of time. Many of the vehicles were at Tomahawk Hills for the first time and many of the drivers had never driven vehicles in this particular area before. The beach at Galloway Lake was also in its natural condition. All vehicles were on their own as no ramps were provided for water entry or exit.

Many a provincial easterner of the stayat-home variety still pictures the West and Middle-West as teeming with buffalo, stage coaches, and Indians. Recent experience with a tomahawk injury indicates that this bemused and fanciful notion is not utterly outside the realm of reality. The purpose of this paper is to report a tomahawk injury which occurred on the contemporary scene. Report of Case The patient, a 57-year-old merchant, was first examined on Sept. 20, 1955. He complained of headache and paralysis of both arms. He had immigrated to America at the age of 12 years; he operated a combined grocery store-filling stationtrailer camp establishment. His health in the past had been excellent, except for an episode of back pain and "sciatica" in both lower extremities in 1953, treated conservatively with good results. In early June, 1955, approximately two weeks prior to the onset of the present symptoms, the patient was

Dr. Carl Robert Eklund, posthumous Fellow of the Arctic Institute of North America, prominent in arctic and antarctic research, Chief of the Polar and Arctic Branch of the U.S. Army Research Office, died on November 3, 1962 at the age of 53. His gregarious friendly nature, good humour and knack of story-telling made him a cherished friend of all who knew him. For 23 years he was a leading American specialist in ornithology and geographic research in both the north and south polar regions. His U.S. Government service in the Department of the Interior and the Department of the Army was approaching 29 years. Carl was born in Tomahawk, Wisconsin on January 27, 1909. ... With solid training and experience he answered the lure of the polar regions. From 1939-41 he served as ornithologist at the East Base of the U.S. Antarctic Service. This was the first modern U.S. Government-sponsored expedition to Antarctica, and the third of Rear Admiral Richard E. Bird's Antarctic commands. In addition to his collection of animal life for the Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Carl made one of the longest antarctic dog sled journeys accompanying Finn Ronne in a landward encirclement of Alexander I Island from the Palmer Peninsula Station on Stonington Island. Islands sighted near the turning point of this journey were named the Eklund Islands in his honour by the Board of Geographical Names. From 1941 to 43 he returned to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service as research biologist in charge of game conservation and education on Indian reservations at Minneapolis, Minnesota. During World War II he served as commissioned officer, advancing to Major in the U.S. Army Air Force. He served in the Arctic Section of the Arctic Desert Tropic Information Center. ... The call of the polar regions drew him south again. His skill and experience were needed by the IGY organizers of the National Academy of Sciences. He was appointed as the first Scientific Station Leader of the Wilkes Station, Antarctica. His field leadership was outstanding, and he vigorously pursued his own program of biological and ornithological research. His bird banding program became international in scope around the entire continent. His field studies provided a basis for his doctoral thesis on the south-polar skua. He received his Ph.D. in zoology and geography from the University of Maryland in 1959. To maintain an intimate pursuit of polar research he accepted in 1958 the position of Chief of the Polar and Arctic Branch, Environmental Research Division of the U.S. Army Research Office, Washington, D.C. In this capacity he directed an extensive inter-disciplinary research program in the Arctic, necessitating frequent visits to Greenland and Alaska. Meanwhile, he served on the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Polar Research advising on research for Antarctica. His national and international reputation grew rapidly and his service as a lecturer and consultant on polar matters were in constant demand. His selection as the first president of the Antarctican Society of Washington, D.C. was a natural one. Dr. Eklund's publications during the last 20 years, mostly on zoological and ornithological topics, number close to 30. His first book, co-authored with Joan Beckman, "Antarctica, Land of Science", was in draft form at the time of his death. ... In spite of average build, his warm human kindliness, his mischievous humorous blue eyes, broad smile, short-cropped hair, and ready wit interspersed with clearly thought out serious observations made him a colourful figure in the polar world at its critical transition from the days of hard-fought polar discoveries to the modern research area.

The inhabitants of the American States have long been noted for their hurrying and bustling habits, for their ceaseless, restless activities, and for their all but immodest disposition when setting themselves about to accomplish a purpose, not to intrust the fact to the keeping of a silent herald. So marked have these characteristics become and so influential have they been in modifying the development of their personality that Europeans, surrounded by other amenities and pleasures, have fancied that the average American citizen is still but a son of the forest, that the noises incident to his movements are only the rustling of his feathery head-gear, that the implements of his trade are the disguises of the tomahawk, and that the acclamations expressed upon the success he attains are not unlike the war-whoop of his aboriginal predecessors. After eliminating from our field of vision all the extravagances of imagination indulged in

On July 3, 1960, a 300th anniversary celebration was held at the St. Francis Wabanaki village of Odanak. One of the features was a pageant showing the Indians coming to this site, an island in the St. Francis River lying between the villages of Perreville and St. Francis in Quebec Province, after they were driven from Maine and New Hampshire during the French and Indian War. A program of tribal dances followed the pageant. At the rehearsal on July 2, the dance leaders seemed pleased to find the author interested in their program and willingly answered questions. The following facts were quickly ascertained: all Indian dances were forbidden at St. Francis by a local priest about 1925; no dances form any part of St. Francis ritual at present; St. Francis Indians have almost no contact with other Wabanaki tribes--neither of the leaders had attended dance ceremonies or programs at other Wabanaki reserves; one of the leaders had been taken to a program of Western Indian dances by A. I. Hallowell a number of years ago and the other had seen Iroquois dances. This information would lead one to conclude that the dances at Odanak would be a poor representation of what St. Francis ritual once was. However, the rehearsal produced a large repertoire: Snake Dance, Eagle Dance, Blanket Dance, Friendly Dance, War Dance, Tomahawk Dance and Calumet Dance. Dances similar to most of these are known to the Penobscot, Passamaquoddy and Malecite, the other members of the Wabanaki group. After the rehearsal the dance leaders listened to recordings made previously by the author of dance music by the other three Wabanaki tribes. Although the St. Francis dance leaders had not sung songs to their dances, they were able to understand the recordings and felt that their own dances should have had these songs also. But no one felt that his voice was good enough to sing the songs at the celebration. The music at the program consisted of drumming and impromptu yelling. The Snake Dance is an old dance originally used at the beginning of any ceremony which included dancing. When the festivities were ready to begin a dance leader would start out twisting and turning between the wigwams. Soon many merry-makers would join the serpentine line which would terminate at the dance place where the ceremony was to take place. William Mechling describes this dance (1958:151). Frank G. Speck recorded Jack Solaman, a Malecite, singing the Snake Dance song at the Tobique Point Reserve about 1913. Speck also describes the use of the Snake Dance by the Penobscot (1940:283-284). Dr. Walter J. Fewkes describes the use of the Snake Dance by the Passamaquoddy (1890:262-269). In all instances the dance is very similar and the Odanak performance was essentially the same as the description above. The Friendly Dance is called a Greeting Dance by the other Wabanaki tribes and is performed when visitors arrive. It resembles the Virginia Reel in that it begins with a line of men facing a line of women, and in other ways, as the following description by one of the dance leaders at Odanak shows