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This article presents an overview of developments in U.S. higher education at the present time. There is a large, continuing and inherent uncertainty about student demand and there is also uncertainty about the nature and extent of Federal support for higher education. A levelling-out in terms of size and of budgets is anticipated and the system is having to learn how to cope with the implications of a “steady state” rather than an expanding system. One of the results of a “steady state” is that state planning efforts are no longer aimed at merely managing growth; there is a new tendency towards seeking to evaluate and improve academic programs. The relations between higher education and the state, and the dangers of increasing state intervention into the heart of the teaching-learning process, are questions to which our best efforts at “planning” might be addressed.

O presente artigo discute os benefícios da tecnologia têxtil para o design inclusivo, reconhecendo aspectos que priorizem o conforto e a saúde do cadeirante. Enfoca-se em conceitos ergonômicos e de design social para fundamentar a concepção do projeto voltado ao deficiente. A investigação propõe a importância do desenvolvimento tecnológico a partir de microcápsulas como, por exemplo, de calêndula e de eicosano com cascas de gelatina, que quando aplicadas no tecido, podem ampliar as possibilidades de uso do têxtil. O benefício aqui discutido é voltado para pessoas com dificuldades de mobilidade, especificamente os cadeirantes, cujo foco principal consiste em prevenir ou amenizar a formação das úlceras por pressão, quando ainda não sofreram rupturas da derme e epiderme. Aborda-se então, novos encaminhamentos para o beneficiamento têxtil a partir da microencapsulação voltada para vestimentas de deficientes físicos para melhor adequação à vida cotidiana e consequentemente da saúde.

Accessible public space for people with disabilities is the space where there are no barriers that prevent them from normal functioning in a given place. In this paper, there was collected a number of examples of most common barriers and design guidelines needed to plan or transform space into the accessible one. There was also described type of barriers and factors that affect on the accessibility of the public space.

The public transport system is one of the key factors determining the economic and social development of modern cities, faced with the goal of providing convenient connections between different areas of the functional structure, i.e. ensuring high comfort and short travel time, while minimizing environmental impact. However, it is worth asking: is creating such a transport system possible, does it exclude certain social groups, and is it capable of satisfying the needs of all users? More and more modern planners and transportation engineers are facing this dilemma. According to many scientific publications, universal design is the answer, hence shaping public spaces and the transport systems with awareness of the diversity of the human collectivity in terms of sex, age, physical ability and health condition. Elderly people above 60 years of age and the disabled, who have various types of mental, physical and sensory dysfunctions, are at the greatest risk of social exclusion. These groups of people encounter many architectural and transportation barriers in their daily lives that make it impossible for them to move freely, thus limiting their access to education, employment and culture. Only through analysis of the existing transport system, identification of transportation barriers, and the appropriate decisions to eliminate them can this exclusion be counteracted and a city without barriers be created – a free city where every resident can move easily, whether they are blind, hard of hearing or a wheelchair user. This article defines the concepts of elderly and disabled people and presents the barriers most frequently encountered in city transport systems. Moreover, guidelines for designing a transport system according to the needs of the analyzed group are proposed. The results of survey studies conducted in Oswiecim and Cracow concerning assessment of public transport and its adaptation to elderly and disabled people are a significant part of this article. Results and conclusions obtained from studies can be an inspiration for other cities that want to create a transport system adapted to the needs of the analysed group, however it is also worth remembering that shaping public spaces and transport “for everyone” is only possible by engaging all parties interested in the problem, i.e. above all, elderly and disabled people as well as city authorities, and then making every effort to reach a consensus between these groups.

This paper explores the pertinent challenges of Government’s HIV/AIDS prevention, care and treatment program in India. Study is mainly based on observations made during field visits, discussion during review meetings at various levels and during training programmes of various functionaries from April 2007-November 2009. The paper also takes into account the observations made on the conclusion of the Mid-term Review conducted by the Government of India in during July- December 2009 after completion of first 2.5 years of the 5-year plan of NACP-III. Additionally, interactions with key program managers involved in implementation and management of HIV/AIDS Program at the state, district and facility levels. Though numerous efforts have been made and continued by the Government and partners, HIV prevention, care and treatment services have not been able to reach to the most-at-risk population, specifically in the rural population. Socio-cultural and managerial issues are the key challenges reported by the most of the key implementers. There is an urgent need to address and strengthen the whole spectrum of health systems through a collaborative approach to achieve the millennium development goals of universal access to prevention, care and treatment services in India. DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v7i1.3955SAARC J. TUBER. LUNG DIS. HIV/AIDS 2010 VII(1) 1-7

O presente estudo aborda questões relacionadas ao acesso às informações histórico-culturais de uma Catedral Católica. Em linhas gerais, teve como objetivo desenvolver um projeto de acessibilidade cultural para este importante patrimônio histórico colaborando com o resgate da memória e difusão da cultura local. Relata informações históricas relacionadas ao objeto em estudo, bem como divulga uma importante descoberta sobre seus vitrais centenários. Por causa do aparente conflito existente entre a legislação de proteção do patrimônio histórico, e a necessidade de alterações e adaptações estruturais para atendimento das normas de acessibilidade vigentes no país, buscou-se a harmonização entre tais direitos, aplicando os conceitos do Design Universal como metodologia, por meio da NBR 9050 de 2020. Foi proposta uma integração entre a divulgação de informações significativas a comunidade e a preservação da cultura regional. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um projeto de acessibilidade cultural intitulado Divina Cultura, utilizou-se do QR-Code (Quick Response Code), da impressão em 3D e tecnologias assistivas, a fim de otimizar a propagação dos saberes locais de forma prática e objetiva.

In order to understand the position of people with disabilities in the labour market it is first necessary to have some understanding about disability itself. This, however, is not a straight forward matter. The nature of disability is currently the subject of considerable debate in New Zealand and overseas (Johns, 1991). Traditional views which focus on an individual's medical condition, or see people with disabilities as victims of tragic circumstance in need of charitable aid, are being challenged by people with disabilities on a number of different grounds. New messages are being promoted about disability which attempt to re-define the position of people with disabilities in society.

Adapting the Home (FCS2215/FY630) This 4-page fact sheet discusses AARP’s 10 basic ideas to increase home safety, how to individualize for each person or activity, how to apply universal design to make homes safer, and assistive devices. Written by Martie Gillen, Pat J. Dasler, and Jenny Jump, and published by the UF Department of Family Youth and Community Sciences, November 2012. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fy630

We have been made aware of a number of development programs for computer aided or assisted design. For example, work is going on under the direction of Prof. S. A. Coons at M. I. T. toward the development of a three-dimensional version of Ivan Sutherland's “Sketchpad” system. Also at M.I.T. under the guidance of Douglas T. Ross a new modular compiler for universal design application is being developed.The realization that topographical information can be communicated with more speed and accuracy by graphical means initiated work on these and many similar programs. Such communication might greatly augment the usefulness of complex applications programs of the type described by Drs. H. Simpson and J. Antebi in their report “Framed Structure Analysis”(1). A designer could observe loadings on a structure and could change parameters more quickly in a graphical environment.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the fortune, the risk, and the microeconomics of migration. Fortune is the opportunity present in risk. Hence, howsoever men would comport themselves in the company of risk, their actions must in some part betray fortune's influence. By risk, it refers to the casual element of men's experience, the unreasoning and unforetold ways of the world, the irremovable dispersion in the imaginable assortments of events attending actions taken in ignorance. By fortune, it means the scope left for human judgment and volition where fate does not rule and outcomes are not all predetermined. Fortune represents the element of disorder essential to opportunity, the uncharted paths that afford men the freedom to learn and profit from the mutability of the world. It is fortune that furnishes occasions for the trials and training that are the substance of the human adventure. This usage reflects a thoroughly Renaissance view of the function of the casual element in the universal design, a merging of the traditions of Boethius, St. Thomas, and Dante. The chapter also discusses a model to describe the choice of an optimal single-period strategy of wealth accumulation for a von Neumann–Morgenstern utility-maximizing household, which may allocate as much as a fixed proportion s of its initial wealth to investments in migration and local job search.

Based on an analysis of the research literature, I identify five broad approaches teachers use to differentiate language arts instruction in the middle-school years. These include: (a) choices in reading materials and creative work products; (b) a discussion-based framework focused on big ideas; (c) dynamic grouping; (d) universal design in whole class literacy instruction; and (e) access to multimedia. The use of these five approaches serves the academic interests of students who are different such as those with learning disabilities, ESL students, struggling readers and writers, and students who are gifted.

It is evident that within the next few years we shall see some major extensions of governmentally supported insurance against the costs of health services. Even the American Medical Association (AMA) and the insurance companies see the handwriting on the wall and are coming up with their own proposals. The mounting insistence that there should be further governmental involvement in this area stems from two major influences. First, the very existence of Medicare has demonstrated that public compulsory health insurance is feasible. Despite its many well-known weaknesses, Medicare obviously has brought considerable financial relief to, and broadened access to health services for, many millions of the aged, and it is popular. Inevitably, there is growing pressure to extend a similar service to those whose economic circumstances differ little, if at all, from those of the mass of the aged. If aged social security beneficiaries, why not disabled beneficiaries? If the disabled, why not survivor families? We are already seeing, too, criticism of the limited scope of the types of health services covered by the insurance program. Why exclude preventive checkups, or drugs, or certain other components of comprehensive care? If paid-up insurance is feasible for hospital and institutional care, why is it not equally applicable to physicians' services? Even more influential in stimulating a demand for an extension of compulsory health insurance is the impact on all sections of the population, and not merely the aged, of the sharply rising costs of health services, so especially pronounced since 1965. These increased costs are reflected in a continuing upward trend in the premiums charged by private health insurers, both profit and nonprofit, or in some curtailment of benefits so that the contribution these institutions can. make to moderating the financial burden on even middle-class families will inevitably decline. They may indeed be in danger of pricing themselves out of the market. The result has been a flood of bills and proposals and plans. The AMA has made proposals (1, 2); so have the Equitable and the Aetna insurar4ce companies (3). Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller has again introduced a health insurance bill in New York (4), and the Committee on Human Resources of the National Governors' Conference has endorsed a system of universal health insurance (5) following the general lines of the earlier Rockefeller bill. The AFL-CIO has made some proposals, now embodied in the Griffiths bill (6). The Committee for National Health Insurance (CNHI), formed by the late Walter Reuther, has been intensively working on a proposal for national health insurance, which, under the title of the Health Security Act, has now been introduced by Senator Kennedy (7). Among other bills are those sponsored by Representative Dingell (8), jointly by Representative Fulton and Senator Fannin (9, 10), and by Senator Javits ( 11). Organizations such as the American Public Health Association also have committees working on a program for national health services. It is obvious that space alone will preclude a detailed consideration of each and all these numerous schemes. In any event, a detailed comparison of their features would be extremely repetitious and boring. I propose instead to discuss some of the more crucial features and problems of any health insurance system and to examine how these are dealt with by some of these plans. As we consider them, it is well to bear in mind the objectives to which almost everyone gives lip service. What we are seeking, I assume, is a program that assures universal access to comprehensive and continuous health services of high quality, delivered under circumstances that are convenient, comfortable, and dignified and in a manner that is efficient and economical. Several features of current propos