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Evidence is presented for gametangial meiosis in six Oomycetes. Particular attention is drawn to late meiotic prophase stages (pachytene-diplotene) in which chromomeres and paired homologues can be seen. One of these Oomycetes has been shown to have an abortive meiosis. Multiple chromosome associations (quadrivalent configurations, with some trivalent and univalent configurations) at first metaphase with unequal divisions at first telophase or second metaphase suggest that autopolyploidy is to be found in several species. Allopolyploidy is suspected at intermediate levels of ploidy. Basic chromosome numbers of n=3 for Achlya and n=10 for Pythium are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses public policy in the English common law.

The article presents information on the relationship between the closed market, the trade unions and the common law in the U.S. The power of co-operation of man with man enables him to obtain much that would be otherwise unattainable. The constant increase of this power is essential to the continued progress of the race. At the same time it is inevitable that new forms of business co-operation should also cause the appearance of new forms of oppression in the business world. This is what is now taking place as the result of industrial changes. From the point of view of the public, one has new methods by which a trade or business may be monopolized ; from that of the individual, he has new methods of unfair trade competition.

The article focuses on management of Dollar-Sterling exchange account in a business enterprise. By the 1850's, the House of Brown was the dominant firm in the U.S. foreign exchange market. Its assumption of a position of leadership was due in large part to the firm's unique organizational structure. In the U.S. the house created a series of outlets in all the major northern and southern ports, while in Liverpool it possessed a branch. office of unparalleled importance. Indeed, the House of Brown was the only one of the great 19th century merchant-banking firms to function under a genuinely transatlantic pattern, of ownership. Whereas the Barings, George Peabody and other merchant-bankers conducted foreign exchange operations in the U.S. primarily through a chain of independent businessmen, acting in an agency capacity, the House of Brown had approximately the same number of full partners on both sides of the Atlantic. In that sense, the Browns formed the only true Anglo-American partnership and this unity of purpose gave the house a competitive advantage in the operation of dollar-sterling exchange account.

The article discusses the selection, grouping, and cross-referencing of terms for inclusion in a coordinate index word list. Most information retrieval systems provide for the needs of the natural sciences and of technology. For many organizations, the provision of an information service is justified, with the depth of indexing geared to the needs of the users. Even for small groups of users, equipment is readily available at reasonable cost. Indexing can be done either by an intelligent human analyzer or, provided that the text to be indexed is available in machine-readable form, by programmed machine operation, the program having been provided by an intelligent human programmer.