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New monomeric organoaluminium chelate compounds; N-diethylaluminium N-methyl dialkylthiophosphinic amide and dialkyldithiophosphinate; R2P(S)–X–AlEt2 (X=NMe, S), were prepared. Spectroscopic results of these compounds indicate an intramolecular coordination of sulfur atom of P=S bond to the organoaluminium moiety. Addition reactions of Me2P(S)–NMe–AlEt2 and Et2P(S)–S–AlEt2 with phenyl isocyanate gave the corresponding 1/1 adducts and only small amount of elimination product was obtained. A reaction of Me2P(S)–NMe–AlEt2 with benzaldehyde gave Me2P(S)–NMe–CH(Et)Ph and PhCH=NMe (by two ways of addition-elimination).

The determination of inspection period of main structure has been accomplished based upon the operator's experience about their operating fleets. But the modern air transport is designed aiming at the increasing of fatigue resistance and the lower crack propagation rate, and they adopt completly the fail safe principle. To conform with above situation, the inspection period should be determined as theoretically as possible. The following analysis is a trial for this way and stands on the basis of the fail-safe test results, the load spectrum, the components fatigue tests, the critical incident rate and the statistical method.

This report presents the results of hybrid computer model studies performed to determine the transient characteristics of a self-pressurized water reactor plant. The plant has a hydrogen overpressure mechanism, with a steam dome on the top of the vessel in lieu of a separate pressurizer. It is the principal objective of the report to analyze the transient conditions inside this steam dome which characterizes the plant.For this analysis we have treated non-condensing processes with four gas conditions (adiabatic mixed gas; isoentropic, isoenthalpic and saturated steam), as well as various condensing processes, with particular reference to condensing processes with saturated steam and with limited condensation. The method of computation adopted describes the two processes of compression and expansion under a single unified system.The method is applicable to other non-condensing gas overpressure mechanisms, to ordinary self-pressurized reactor plants, and to conventional PWR pressurizer analysis. A hybrid computer (ordinary analog computer connected with the digital computer HITAC 2010) was used for the characteristics computation. Some examples are given of the results obtained.

The detailed conditions of the phosphate-induced conformational change in Escherichia coli ribosomes were studied. For the maximum conformational change mediated by phosphate, the concentration of ribosomes should be less than 50 A260 nm units/ml. An incubation for at least 10 min at 37° is required. 50-S subunits are converted into conformationally changed particles independently of the presence or absence of 30-S subunits. Oligonucleotides, previously added to the incubation mixture to prevent RNA degradation, are not essential. It was examined whether or not 5-S RNA was released from 50-S subunits during phosphate-induced, conformational changes in ribosomes. When treated with phosphate, purified 50-S subunits were shown to be converted into 25-S particles with release of 5-S RNA. In the presence of 30-S subunits, on the other hand, 50-S subunits were converted into 25-S particles without releasing appreciable amounts of 5-S RNA. Poly(U)-dependent polyphenylalanine synthesis was examined using 50-S subunits treated with phosphate in the presence or absence of 30-S subunits. In the absence of 30-S subunits, phosphate-treated 50-S subunits exhibited no polyphenylalanine formation even if 5-S RNA was added, while those treated in the presence of 30-S subunits retained 10–20 % of the protein-synthesizing activity of normal 50-S subunits.

Sex hormone dependency of breast cancer was studied in vitro by examining 3H-thymidine uptake into DNA of breast cancer cells. DMBA induced breast cancer of rats, Shionogi carcinoma 115 and Shionogi carcinoma 42 of mice were studied preliminarily. These 3 kinds of rodent breast cancer showed the same sensitivity to both sex hormones in vitro as has been shown biologically. Subsequently, this sensitivity test was applied to human breast cancer. The results were not so simple as in rodent breast cancer, but rather complicated. Human breast cancers were classified into estrogen dependent group, estrogen independent group and estrogen suppressive group, according to their sensitivity to estradiol-17β. Human cases in postmenopause were distributed equally into the 3 groups, however, many cases in premenopause belonged to the estradiol dependent group. The human cases were also classified into the 3 groups according to sensitivity to testosterone although not so definite. Hormonal treatments according to the sensitivity test were effective in all clinical cases.

The role of neural factors in experimental renal hypertension was studied from the points of peripheral vascular reactivity, function of baroceptors and sympathetic activity in renal hypertensive dogs and the isolated smooth muscle strips of hypertensive rats. (1) The hypotensive responses to pentobarbital was more marked and continued longer in chronic renal hypertensive dogs than the controls. (2) The pressor responses to noradrenaline was remarkably augmented in renal hypertensive dogs, while the changes in those to angiotensin and Pitressin were not so marked. (3) The threshold for adrenaline or noradrenaline of isolated smooth muscle strips of intestine, rectum and uterus of rats was lower in hypertensive rats than in the operated normotensive and control groups. But the threshold for angiotensin and acetylcholine was rather higher in the hypertensive group. (4) The sensitivity of baroceptors examined by using the isolated perfusion method was unchanged and the baroceptors were resetted to the higher blood pressure level in chronic renal hypertension. (5) The influence of sympathetic innervation on carotid sinus activity was not different between the normotensive and renal hypertensive dogs. (6) The depressor responses to the sufficient amounts of ganglioplegics were not significantly changed in hypertensive dogs compared with the normotensives. (7) After the extensive sympathectomy the direct blood pressure fall was not significantly different between the normotensive and renal hypertensive dogs and the final blood pressure level was higher in renal hypertension than the control level. (8) The urinary excretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline was not significantly changed in chronic renal hypertensive dogs except the slight increase in the stage of blood pressure rising. Thus, increased sensitivity of peripheral blood vessels to noradrenaline was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro experiments in hypertensive animals. The baroceptors were resetted to the higher blood pressure level, and their sensitivity itself remained unchanged in renal hypertension. The sympathetic overactivity was not recognized in hypertension. Therefore, only the increased sensitivity of peripheral vessels to noradrenaline contributes to a part of the pressor mechanism in renal hypertension, while the baroceptors and sympathetic activities are passively adjusted to the higher blood pressure levels in hypertension.

α- l -Fucosidase and α- d -mannosidase activity in white blood cells from a patient with fucosidosis and her family members were studied. α- l -Fucosidase activity of the patient was completely lacking, whereas the α- l -mannosidase activity was increased and relative thermostability of this enzyme was also observed. Apparent K m value of α- d -mannosidase was similar in the patient and the control. When the ratio of α- l -fucosidase to α- d -mannosidase activity was calculated, the value of the parents was intermediate between that of the patient and the control.

The authors describe an atraumatic diagnostic test apt to reveal the presence of hydrocephalus and other intracerebral anomalies in the child. It utilizes a multilevel, two-dimensional (B-mode) ultrasonic technique that is painless, safe, and easily repeatable. The use of ultrasound in neurological investigation is reviewed briefly and the advantages and disadvantages of A-mode (unidimensional) versus B-mode scanning (two-dimensional) are considered. Standards for the technique of multilevel B-mode scanning are proposed. Their validity was tested by visual and statistical correlation between ventricular measurements obtained by this technique and those obtained by classic radiological investigation. High values of the correlation coefficient were found. The results collected in scanning a group of approximately 600 infants and children are described for each of the following ventricular portions: the third ventricle, the anterior horns and the bodies of the lateral ventricles, and the trigone-temporal horn complex. Other indices of significance were those relating to the midline structures, whose shifts can be accurately predicted, and the Brain Mantle Index, which can give a rough estimate of regional or diffuse atrophic processes. While certain landmarks (such as those pertaining to the midline, third and lateral ventricles) are frequently obtained and measurable, others like those pertaining to the trigone and temporal horns are much less easily detected. Illustrative scans in normal and abnormal subjects are presented. It was concluded that this technique, although unable to outline the contour of the ventricles, lends itself to a general anatomical survey of the ventricular system both for normative purposes as well as detection of important anomalies.

Poliovirus RNA that has been derivatized at the 3′-end with NaIO 4 -NaB 3 H 4 yields, after hydrolysis with alkali or RNase T2, predominantly labeled residues of modified adenosine; no labeled nucleoside derivative is produced by digestion with RNase A or RNase T1. The 3′-terminal bases of the RNA are, therefore,...ApA OH . Hydrolyzates of poliovirus [ 32 P]RNA, after exhaustive digestion with RNase T1 or RNase A, contain, besides internal oligonucleotides, polynucleotides resistant to further action of ribonucleases T1 and A, respectively; these polynucleotides were isolated by membrane-filter binding or ion-exchange chromatography. The sequence of the T1-resistant polynucleotide was determined to be (Ap) n A OH , that of the RNase A-resistant polynucleotide was GpGp(Ap) n A OH . The chain length ( n ) of the polyadenylic acid, as analyzed by different methods, averages 89 nucleotides. Gel electrophoresis revealed heterogeneity of the size of poly(A). Poliovirus RNA, when labeled in vitro at the 3′-end, contains [3′- 3 H]poly(A); when labeled in vivo with [ 3 H]A, it contains [ 3 H](Ap) n A OH . The data establish that... YpGpGp(Ap) [unk] A OH is the 3′-terminal sequence of poliovirus RNA, Type 1 (Mahoney). Since this mammalian virus reproduces in the cell cytoplasm, these observations may modify prior interpretations of the function of polyadenylate ends on messenger RNAs.

When paraffin wax is dispersed in medium as emulsion, some kinds of bacteria and yeasts readily grow on it. This paper presents a study on microbial cell production from solid paraffin. In this study a paraffin wax which contains 91% of normal paraffins ranging from C25 to C37 with the melting point of 62.5°C was used as a substate, but no solvent was used for the dispersion of the wax.As a result of this study, the following have been found out. (1) Many strains of liquid normal paraffin assimilating bacteria and yeasts can assimilate paraffin wax. (2) Dried cell yields on added hydrocarbons of Corynebacterium hydrocarboclastus S-12-B2 and Candida tropicalis S-315-Y1 are 70% and 56% respectively, when they are cultured by wax emulsion of 0.6% concentration. (3) When nonion surface-active agent (Plysurf A210G) was added as an emulsifing agent, highly concentrated wax emulsion was obtained, but the growth of microorganisms on it was slower. Further investigation is needed to obtain better strains of bacter...

The intracellular pre-existing ( 35 S) proteins of Escherichia coli were hardly degraded even during magnesium starvation, while most of the intracellular ( 32 P) RNA's were degraded to acid-soluble materials. The ( 35 S) S-100 fraction from magnesium-starved cells, not from normal cells, contained the ribosomal proteins of both 50 and 30 s subunit origin capable of reassembling with the exogenously added ribosomal RNA's (23, 16 and 5 s) to form 50 and 30 s particles in the cell-free system. The ribosomal particles reconstituted from normal ribosomal RNA's and S-100 fraction from magnesium-starved cells were almost equally active to the normal in the f2 RNA-dependent polypeptide synthesis.

SummaryBP hydroxylase in liver and adrenals was quantitatively estimated in rats pretreated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Whereas 3-MC, BP and DMBA markedly stimulated BP hydroxylase acti...

Variation of plasma renin activity was studied at the intervals of 10 to 20 min during partial gastrectomy of our clinical cases, and the relationships between circulating plasma volume and serum electrolytes were also studied to find a clue on the secretary mechanism of renin during surgical stress. The operation was performed under halothane-N2O−O2 anesthesia. Blood losses due to sampling and surgical procedure were carefully replaced. Plasma renin activity gradually increased from the beginning of surgical procedure and reached maximum between the later part of the operative period and the 3rd postoperative day, then decreased to normal by the 7th or 14th postoperative day in most cases. Maximum level of plasma renin activity due to surgical manipulation ranged from two to twenty fold of the normal value. Significant reverse correlation between plasma renin activity and circulating plasma volume was observed. The elevation of plasma renin activity followed the decrease of circulating plasma volume. Whereas, arterial pressure was maintained almost constant during surgery. Serum sodium and potassium concentrations were all within normal range and were unrelated to the variation of plasma renin activity during surgical stress.

Summary Poly(U) isolated from polio [32P]RF has the base composition (U65, C2)Gp. Labeling of the poly(U) in RF with NaIO4/[3H]NaBH4 failed, even if the RF was pretreated with phosphatase. Labeling of poly(U) in RF with [γ-32P]ATP and polynucleotide kinase occurs but only after treatment of the RF with either snake venom exonuclease or polynucleotide phosphorylase. The data suggest that poly(U) is the 5′-end of polio minus RNA.

The inhibition of autodegradation of RNA's derived from ribosomes of Escherichia coli Q13 (ribonuclease I-less mutant) and Alcaligenes faecalis was studied and the following results were obtained. 1. 1. The RNA of 30-S ribosomes was markedly degraded, whilst that of 50 S was degraded very little, in the presence of KCl, Na 2 HPO 4 or KH 2 PO 4 , indicating that ribonuclease II and polynucleotide phosphorylase are attached to 30-S sub-units. 2. 2. Oligonucleotides with a chain length of from about 5 to 20, markedly inhibited the autodegradation of RNA from ribosomes, whereas ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA and polyadenylic acid had no significant effect. 3. 3. Oligonucleotides also strongly inhibited the degradation of messenger RNA in vitro .

Poliovirus double stranded RNA (the “replicative form”) contains poly (A) at the 3′-end of the plus (genome-like) strand which is longer than poly (A) found in polio virion RNA. Digestion with 3′-exonuclease, hybridization to labelled poly (A) or poly (U) and affinity chromatography reveal that the minus strand contains 3′-terminal poly (U). These findings may imply that polio RNA replication proceeds through circular structures.

The present study is designed to elucidate certain biological characteristics of urinary chorionic gonadotropin and to see what differences could be demonstrated between HCG in normal pregnancy and in the trophoblastic diseases. We have attempted the biological characterization of HCG using crude HCG and the purified HCG (12, 000 I.U./mg) by zone electrophoresis on starch grain and chromatography on DEAE cellulose. Evidence has been presented that urinary HCG extracts are fractionated into two or more biologically active components. The one component has predominantly FSH activity and the other predominantly LH activity. Furthermore, our present investigation revealed possible differences between the gonadotropin in the urine from pregnant women and from patients with trophoblastic tumors.