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The present work was undertaken to investigate the effect of hypophysectomy on embryonic bone development. At 14 and 18 days of incubation, there was a significant decrease in length, wet weight, and calcium content of the femurs of hypophysectomized (partially decapitated) chick embryos compared with controls. Collagen matrix, expressed as hydroxyproline content. was decreased in the first group as early as 10 days of development. Metatarsal bones of hypophysectomized embryos showed a delayed maturation. When hypophysectomized embryos received a hypophyseal graft at 9 days of development the femur and metatarsal bones were not significantly- different from those of the controls. The present study shows that the embryonic pituitary gland appears to play a decisive role in bone development.

Radiographs of the hip and lower extremities of 52 professional ballet dancers were evaluated. Among the various abnormalities, some similar to those found in athletes, were specific patterns of stress hypertrophy of the femora, tibiae, fibulae, and the first three metatarsal bones, and multiple stress fractures of the femoral necks and tibiae. This group of findings is sufficient to identify the classical ballet dancer.

1. Two cases of an unusual forefoot injury are recorded in which dislocation of the base of a metatarsal bone is associated with, and tends to perpetuate, dislocation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the adjacent toe. 2. The anatomical and mechanical relationships between these linked dislocations are discussed, as are the principles of treatment. 3. The concept of segmental injuries to the forefoot is introduced.

A recent experience with a proved aneurysmal bone cyst in a metatarsal bone seemed worthy of report since the lesion is so rare in the hands and feet, and, as Thompson had noted, its roentgenographic appearance in these areas is not as distinct as in other areas. A serial roentgenographic record of this lesion in its rapid development from an early phase, which is quite characteristic of a giant-cell tumor, has delineated the development of the entity through phases previously considered in its pathogenesis, and about which there has previously been cousfusion.

Two patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism and unusual skeletal lesions are reported. One showed slipped femoral capital epiphyses, and both showed mild demineralization of the bones and subperiosteal resorption considered to be characteristic of hyperparathyroidism. The serum alkaline phosphatase level was elevated. Treatment with a low phosphate diet, alumina gel, probenecid, and vitamin D restored the low serum calcium level and the high phosphorus level to normal and resulted in rapid bone repair with return of the alkaline phosphatase activity to normal. This is the first demonstration of the skeletal changes of secondary hyperparathyroidism in pseudohypoparathyroidism, and is in keeping with the previously reported findings by Albright et al. of hyperplastic parathyroid glands in 2 untreated cases of this syndrome. The short metacarpals and metatarsals typical of the syndrome remained virtually unchanged. The soft-tissue calcifications progressed slightly during treatment. They are probably...

1. 1. Metatarsal march fracture is primarily an occupational disease of soldiers. 2. 2. The author believes that metatarsal march fractures are caused by fatigue of the peroneus longus and tibialis posticus muscles. 3. 3. March fractures are more properly termed fatigue fractures. There is no basis for the belief, as some authors have indicated, that metatarsal march fractures are due to spasm and overactivity of the interossei muscles. 4. 4. The presence of an atavistic foot as an etiological factor of metatarsal march fracture is greatly over-rated. 5. 5. All of the metatarsal march fractures in this series which were investigated occurred in soldiers with normal feet, or in cases of slight degree of pes planus and in cases of pes cavus. Not a single case of severe pes planus was encountered. 6. 6. Pre-induction occupation of the soldier does not appear to be a decisive element except insofar as the tolerance of fatigue may be concerned. 7. 7. The thinness of the metatarsal bone plays no important role in the etiology of metatarsal fractures as more fractures occurred in metatarsal bones other than the thinnest. 8. 8. All age groups from eighteen to thirty-eight were involved in metatarsal march fractures but the eighteen and nineteen year old group were chiefly affected. 9. 9. March fractures of the metatarsals involved all bones of the metatarsal segment but chiefly the second and third of the right foot. 10. 10. Twenty-three cases of multiple metatarsal march fractures were encountered. 11. 11. Fractures of the metatarsal bone involved 2.35 per cent of 10,953 cases seen by the Orthopedic Surgical Section at our Station Hospital.

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In this lecture, I will discuss with you a phenomenon which I made known more than two years ago. I communicated a note on it to the So ciete de Biologie in February 1896, and I made it the subject of a recent communication to the Congress of Neurology held at Brussels in September of last year. 1 This phenomenon consists of a disturbance in the cutaneous plantar reflex. Before giving you a description of it I must tell you something of the normal cutaneous plantar reflex in adults with whom I shall concern myself here. You should know that stimulation of the sole of the foot ordinarily provokes reflex movements, such as flexion of the foot toward the leg, of the leg toward the thigh, of the thigh toward the pelvis; however, I call your attention particularly to the flexion of the toes on the metatarsal bone. There are normal individuals whose

“Neurotrophic changes” in bones, especially of the feet, have been reported by several authors. Sante has described the effects of these trophic disturbances of nerves as being most pronounced in the metacarpal and metatarsal bones and the phalanges of the hands and feet. The distal ends of the bones become smaller in caliber and the terminal phalanges are atrophied to fine points. This process of destruction may continue until the heads of the metacarpal and metatarsal bones are completely separated from the distal ends of the shafts. Sante made the further observation that such pronounced osseous lesions are usually accompanied by punched-out trophic ulcers of the soft parts. Shanks, Kerley, and Twining stated that “in certain conditions such as tabes, syringomyelia and leprosy … marked osteolytic changes are often seen in the small bones of the hands and feet. The most typical appearance is a short and pointed phalanx from partial absorption which has commenced at the distal end of the bone.” According...

In 1952, Albright for the first time found Pseudo-Pseudohypoparathyroidism (P. P. H.), as a syndrome of anatomic anomalies similar to Pseudohypoparathyroidism (namely, short stature, round face, short metacarpal or metatarsal bone and ectopic ossification), with normal serum concentration of calcium and phosphate. Since 1952, many cases were reported all over the world. But we have never seen the report in Japan. Recently, we have experienced a young girl (10 years) who had characteristics for P.P. H. with suggestive, familial occurrence. This case is presented and the nomenclature of related clinical entities was discussed together with the statistics of P. P. H. in literature.

1. The use of small stainless-steel bone screws for maintenance of reduction of selected oblique and spiral fractures of the hand and foot has, in our experience, been justified by the results obtained. 2. When properly applied, the technique can lead to results superior to those of other methods of treatment. 3. There appear to be few-indications for the use of small plates.

Metastatic bone cancer are most frequently seen in vertebrae, pelvis, rib, skull and femur etc, but rarely seen in the peripheral bones below the elbow or the knee joint.381 cases of metastatic bone cancer were diagnosed radiologically from March 23rd. 1962 to January 31th. 1968, at the National Cancer Center Hospital.Among them, 7 cases were diagnosed to have bone metastasis in hand and foot bone.Three cases which were very interesting in diagnosis and clinical course were presented.Case 1. A man, fifty-six years old; bone metastasis of the finger.Case 2. A woman, seventy-three years old; wide-spread bone metastases of the hand.Case 3. A woman, fifty years old; metastases of the metatarsal bones.In case 3, open biopsy was not done, but aspiration needle biopsy was done for the exact diagnosis of the metastatic bone cancer and cancer cells could be seen in the May-Giemsa stained specimen.Moreover, the cancer cells were recognized from the neighbouring bone which showed Sudeck's bone atrophy-like shadow and were very difficult to be diagnosed as bone metastases.Therefore, bone metastases of all metatarsal bone were diagnosed very quickly and easily, and early radiation therapy was successfully performed.

1. Experiments are described in which total infarction of the epiphysis was produced in the metatarsal bones of growing rabbits. 2. After operation both proliferation and normal maturation of the cells of the growth plate were slowed or stopped. Cartilage destruction on the metaphysial side of the growth cartilage continued with consequent thinning of the cartilage. Localised areas of cell death appeared in the growth cartilage as early as the second day after operation. These increased in size and led to revascularisation of the epiphysis by metaphysial vessels which grew through the growth cartilage, reaching the epiphysis seven days after operation. The main, central part of the growth cartilage survived intact and its normal structure was restored after epiphysial revascularisation took place. Vessels growing into the bone from outside also contributed to revascularisation of the epiphysis. After revascularisation occurred, new bone formation led to increased radiographic density of the epiphysis.

1. 1. Six hundred and ninety two cases are reported with 724 march fractures. 2. 2. These patients were all treated by use of the steel bar countersunk in the slip sole of the shoe. 3. 3. Fifty-eight cases did not respond to the usual treatment; of this number thirteen were hospitalized and forty-five excused from certain portions of their training cycle. These fifty-eight trainees eventually finished training and were qualified for overseas. One man received a medical discharge. This was for an injured right knee and not for his march fracture. 4. 4. Two hundred thirteen thousand and twenty-four training hours were saved during fourteen months using the march bar treatment. 5. 5. Our series shows that most of the fractures occurred when the training cycle was stepped up in the fifth and sixth weeks of training. 6. 6. March fracture occurred more often in the right foot than the left. Any one of the metatarsal bones may be involved and one soldier can have two or three march fractures at the same time. 7. 7. The relative lengths of the first, third, and fourth metatarsal bones were measured in 692 cases of march fracture; the second metatarsal being used as a base and given the value of zero. The metatarsals of 100 normal feet were measured, and these measurements compared with the march fractured feet. There was no conclusive evidence of a relatively shortened first metatarsal playing a part in the etiological factor of march fractures.

SummaryA radiological investigation was carried out in a group of patients with the “cri du chat” syndrome. The most striking skeletal abnormalities associated with the 5p- chromosome anomaly include microcephaly hypertelorism, narrowing of the wings of ilia, which often appear rectangular in shape. In older patients additional consistent radiological features include large frontal sinuses, malocclusions, scoliosis, shortness of some metacarpal and metatarsal bones. The radiological investigations in the “cri du chat” syndrome, although of small diagnostic aid, appear to be useful for a detailed characterization of the malformations.

1. A method is described for measurement of the vertical load carried by different areas of the foot while walking barefoot. The results of tests on fourteen subjects, seven with some foot abnormality, are reported. 2. The results show that the load carried by the normal midfoot is low. Measurements in this area could be useful in the quantitative assessment of some foot abnormalities. 3. Considerable variation between individuals is seen in the distribution of vertical load across the forefoot. The metatarsal bones do not necessarily carry loads in proportion to their size.

The findings of the Canadian Army Foot Survey lead to the conclusion that a short first metatarsal seldom, if ever, is the cause of foot disability. Soldiers undergo the strenuous activity of military training with no disability from short metatarsals, and react in no way differently from those who have long first metatarsals. See table in the PDF file See image in the PDF file On the other hand, callus under the heads of the central metatarsals occurs in 0.97 per cent. of young men, and is the cause of appreciable disability. It is not specifically related to short first metatarsals, in the vast majority of which this evidence of local excess of pressure is not displayed. Also, it occurs almost as frequently in feet in which the first metatarsal is longer than the second. It probably is due to sharp concentration of pressure under a metatarsal head prominent for reasons entirely different from shortness of the first metatarsal. Measurable shortness of the first metatarsal relative to the second does not necessarily mean that it cannot as readily reach the ground and that less weight will be transmitted through this bone. The obliquity of the metatarsals in relation to the ground means that all can share equally in weight-bearing, provided the longer metatarsals are on a higher plane than the shorter. This normally will be the case if the metatarsal arch exists. It is then possible for the second and third metatarsals to extend farther forward than the first before reaching the ground, because they are at the apex of the metatarsal arch (Figs. 7-A and 7-B). In any case, the efficient use of the foot to support the weight of the body and to propel it in walking and running is hot entirely dependent upon perfection of structure, even though this is of importance. In feet which are not perfect in their structure, compensatory mechanisms of considerable efficiency develop, which tend to offset the ill effects that might arise as the result of deviation from standard structure. In the case of the first metatarsal segment, the flexor hallucis longus, as has already been indicated, can provide the necessary supplement to function. After all, foot function is dynamic as well as static.

The concentrations of Sr/sup 90/ and stable strontium were measured in the bone ash from pregnant sheep ewes and their fetuses. The fetuses weighed from 125 g (Sr 0) and 110 g (stable strontium) to 2650 g. In the ewes the average concentration of Sr/sup 90/ was 40.4 (s.d. 6.4) pc/g calcium in the metatarsal diaphyses and 38.4 (s.d. 3.9) pc/g calcium in the vertebrae. The average concentration of stable strontium was 321 (s.d. 37) ppm in the metatarsal diaphyses and 324 (s.d. 26) ppm in the vertebrae. No significant difference between the two bones in the concentrations of either Sr/sup 90/ or stable strontium was found. In the fetuses the average concentrations of Sr/sup 90/ and stable strontium in the ash from the ossified parts of the long bone diaphyses was 16.2 (s.d. 2.5) pc/g calcium and 152 (s.d. 27) ppm respectively. The average ratio between the strontium concentrations in the long bones of each fetus and the metatarsal bones of its mother was 0.41 (s.d. 0.06) for Sr/sup 90/ and 0.48 (s.d. 0.08) for stable strontium. The strontium concentrations in the fetal and maternal bone ash, and the ratio between these concentrations, were essentially independent of fetal weightmore » and sacrifice date. (auth)« less

We have treated some eariy cases of the congenital clubfoot in our clubfoot clinic during one and helf years, since biginning of 1970.In this paper we will report some problems observed in 8 feet.At first, in every feet, adduction and varus deformities were corrected by cast-correction.After the correction of these deformities, in 6 cases, equinus deformities were corrected by posterior release operation. In two foot, equinus deformities were corrected by cast only, after Kite-method.The night splints were used for the post operative treatment, and timely corrective casts were applied.In every cases, three kind of deformities were corrected satisfactorily but we had two problems during our treatments.One is the adduction and varus deformity in midtarsal and subtalar joints.The cause of these deformities is abnormal relation between tarsal and metatarsal bones. We think the correction of abnormal relation will be possible by cast only but correction should be done completely, or, relapse of adduction and varus deformities will occur.The other is the equinus deformty in ankle. Cause of this deformity is the shortening in posterior talo-fibular ligament at ankle as well as Achilles tendon.So, we think posterior release operation should be performed at every cases.

SummaryFour major alkaloids isolated from Veratrum californicum—veratramine, veratrosine, cyclopamine, and muldamine— were fed to pregnant ewes during the fifth week of gestation. Cyclopamine, when administered during Days 28, 29, and 30 of gestation, produced the same congenital deformities of limbs previously produced by whole plants. These deformities included shortening of the metacarpal or metatarsal bones.

The main basic factors in the etiology of hallux valgus and bunions are the adduction of the metatarsal bone of the big toe and the obliquity of its tarsometatarsal joint. The conspicuous and obvious causes of the discomfort and disability are the valgus of the big toe, bony overgrowth at the base of the big toe and the overlying bursa or bunion. The author's operation aims to correct all of the pathological changes without disturbing the function of the big toe joint or the weight bearing surface of the head of the first metatarsal. The adduction of the first metatarsal bone is corrected by the removal of a double wedge from the tarsometatarsal joint, the mobilization of the metatarsal bone and the manual approximation of the first and the second metatarsal. The overgrowth of bone on the head of the metatarsal and the bunion are excised through a separate incision. The correction of the valgus of the big toe is assured by securing to the metatarsal bone a tongue of strong tissue, consisting of bursal wall and capsule, which is attached to the base of the phalanx. Care is exercised not to remove or in any way disturb the articulating portion of the head of the metatarsal bone. This accomplishes two results, namely, the support of the forefoot is not altered and the mobility of the big toe is not diminished. By bringing the big toe into line with the inner border of the foot, the sesamoid bones are returned to their normal relation to the head of the metatarsal, and the dorsal and plantar tendons of the big toe are brought into a normal or nearly normal position, where they can function properly.

In the motor organs of the foot of the 3rd month human embryo, corpuscular terminations have been found in a large number. Most of these belong to the Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles, the Pacinian bodies being found in far smaller number.Pacinian bodies are mostly still very small in size as well as underdeveloping in structure. The inner bulb is generally thin and slender, but sometimes broad and swollen, the specific nuclei therein being still immature. The connective tissue lamellae covering the inner bulb number 3-4 pieces only. A comparatively thick sensory fiber entering into the inner bulb gradually increases in size and, without branching, ends bluntly near the distal pole of the inner bulb. Interestingly enough, Pacinian bodies of compound type mostly consisting in two small bodies encased in a common lamellar capsule have not rarely been found in the motor organs, especially in the dorsal side of the foot.Golgi-Mazzoni bodies, well-developed in the 3rd month embryo, are recognized in a rather large number in various places of the motor organs, especially in the surroundings of the metatarsal bones and sesamoid bones. These are of cylindrical form and divided into small-sized and large-sized ones.In small-sized bodies, the inner bulb contains single row of specific nuclei in its periphery and is surrounded by a broad transparent layer, which is covered by a single circular layer of fibrocytes and an outermost single layer of elongated connective tissue cells. A thick nerve fiber running into the inner bulb proceeds along its longer axis and ends bluntly near the distal pole of the inner bulb, without branching. In large sized bodies, the inner bulb is swollen and richer in specific nuclei, but the transparent layer is rather ill-developed. A sensory fiber toward each body is almost of medium size and ends sharply or bluntly in the inner bulb, without branching.Golgi-Mazzoni bodies gathered in groups were recognized in the foot motor organs, especially frequently within or along the periosteum of the metatarsal as well as the sesamoid bones. The sensory fibers entering into the individual bodies are of large or medium, sometimes of small size and derived from the separate fibers respectively, but rarely they consist of terminal branches coming out from one stem fiber. Such groups are here consisting of 2-4, sometimes of 5 Golgi-Mazzoni bodies, and they are divided into two types, the one composed of small-sized and the other of large-sized bodies.Besides, simply branched terminations being ill-developed are found in the periosteum of the foot bones in a never large number. Further, there are found in the periosteum of the metatarsal bones rather complex, branched terminations here and there, though they are composed of finer branch fibers, which frequently arrive at the inner layer of the periosteum and mostly end in sharp points. On the contrary, here in the periosteum no such a branched termination, as composed of powerfully thick branch fibers and presumed to be specific to the periosteum could be found.Any muscle or tendon spindle could not be found in the foot of the 3rd month embryo.

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1. Stress fractures are described in children. The fibula and tibia are most often affected. 2. Stress fractures of the humerus are described in two boys aged fifteen. 3. Stress fractures are described in the pelvis in children.

(A) REVIEW OF EARLIER METHODS: Manipulations; fasciotomy; Phelps' operation; Steindler's operation; anterior arch-plates.(B) Reasons for their relative failure.-(1) Correction of the deformity is imperfect, and (2) as they deal with the existing deformity only, and not with its cause, the result is not permanent; relapse occurs.(C) Evolution of the modern operation.-Two facts in connexion with the ordinary "idiopathic" type of pes cavus are constant, and therefore noteworthy, viz.: (a) the deformity is entirely a fore-foot deformity, consisting of dropping-down of the fore-foot, and (b) paralysis of the lumbrical or of the interosseous muscles is never found at operation.This suggests that a cause for the fore-foot drop should be sought. Pes cavus never occurs in flail foot, but may develop in mild cases of paralysis of the anterior tibial (extensor) group of muscles; this suggests that in less marked cases of paresis of these muscles, pes cavus may result; in fact, this has been observed.Finally, a case in which the legs were known to have been normal, and one was damaged, anteriorly (thereby weakening the long extensor action) resulted in the development of typical unilateral pes cavus.The part played by the interossei and lumbrical muscles is purely passive, and results from the dropping-down of the metatarsal heads beyond their line of action. This can be demonstrated on any case in which contracture of the soft parts of the toes has not occurred; pushing-up the anterior arch brings down the toes, and vice versa.The problem, then, seems to consist of finding a means to strengthen the relatively weak long extensors, and of giving them a stronger and more direct lifting action upon the metatarsal heads.(D) The modern operation.-This consists of two distinct parts: (a) the correction of existing deformity, and (b) the adoption of measures to prevent recurrence of the deformity. (a) Mere non-selective elongation of the structures of the sole is inadequate; those on the inner side must be lengthened and flattened more than those on the outer side; therefore, the joint-capsules, fasciae, tendon-sheaths, etc., are divided as freely as possible, by open operation, on the inner side of the foot. Steindler's section of all structures attached to the os calcis then allows the whole foot to elongate; this is followed by vigorous manipulation, and this completes stage (a).(b) The extensor tendons are then transplanted into holes bored through the necks of the metatarsal bones (Murk Jansen's operation, modified), and are sutured, the foot being held over-corrected meanwhile.If the toes are contracted, and the above method does not correct the deformity, arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joints is performed; the fifth toe may perhaps be amputated.(E) After-treatment and results.-Other Points: The results seen to be permanent. At what age should this operation be performed? Treatment, at earlier ages, The type and degree of disability caused by pes cavus. Relief of advanced cases.

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In this investigation we expected to get some fundamental informations on the pattern of growth of cockerels and of changes of body conformations during their growing period from hatching to eleven weeks of age. Observations were done under natural and experimentally controlled conditions. In the latter case, cockerels were fed on quantitatively restricted diet for one week during early or late stages, to retard their growth. Two hundred and ten newly hatched White Leghorn male chicks were used. Four different feeding treatments were projected; first group was fed ad lib. as control, the second group (Treatment I), was given the restricted feed for a week at one week of age, the third group (Treatment II), was given the restricted feed for a week at two weeks of age, and the fourth group (Treatment III), was given the restricted feed for a week of eight weeks of age. After the period of feed restriction, all the groups were fed ad lib. Random samples of five or six cockerels were dissected and measured to analyse the growth and effects of feed restriction and following recovery in full feeding.1. Recovery from the effect of feed restriction for one week was partly achieved by an abnormally rapid growth. But this rapid growth did not continue for a long time, it disappeared before they could exceed the normal body growth in control at eleven weeks of age. In spite of their high growth rate and good efficiency of compensatory growth, they could not improve any feed efficiency.2. Changes of weight or length of parts of body in final stage or normal growth were expressed as a magnification of their initial values of day-old chicks. Magnifications were 3.0 in the weight of eyeball, 3.5 in the length of metatarsal bone, 14.2 in the weight of the edible visera including the heart, liver and gizzard, 26.0 in the weight of vertebral column, rib and hip bone, 33.3 in the weight of tarsometatarsus, 34.3 in the live weight, 36.7 in the weight of bone on femur-tibiotarsus, 59.3 in the weight of muscle on femur-tibiotarsus and 272 in the weight of pectoralis minor muscle. The lower magnification, the earlier growth completes. Namely, nerves make most rapid growth in the early stage and they followed by the growth of bones and of muscles. Such growth gradients were also found among bones or muscles. For example bones and muscles of femur-tibiotarsus grow earlier than bone of pelvic limb and pectoralis major muscle.3. Differences between the magnifications of length of metatarsal bone and of the weight of it show higher growth rate in length than weight.4. Early developing organs such as nerves and bones have the priority to grow even under restricted feeding. Recovery shows also different pattern between parts of the muscles or of the bones. Late developing organs or the parts of the same organ are affected more severely by the restricted feeding than early developing one, but recoveries of the former are quicker than that of the latter. Muscles and edible visera are likely to be affected but the latter recovered more rapidly.5. As treatmental group I, in which feed was restricted when their growth rate was highest, the effect of restriction was greater and severer than treatmental groups II and III where the restriction was practiced at the stages of lower growth rate. Treatment I was recovered slower compared with treatments II and III.6. Dressing percentages of all treatmental groups were lower immediately after restriction and after a week than control, while percentage of the weight of head and bone of tarso-metatarsus, weight of edible visera to live weight were also higher than control at each period mentioned above. The fact that the visera take priority in growth among the other organs may be concerned with their own metabolic and nutritional functions to support the whole growth of organs.

The following is a list of the Mammalian bones sent to us by Mr J. Horne, of the Geological Survey, for purposes of identification and examination— Various fragments of antlers, One metacarpal bone, Fragments of two metatarsal bones, Five teeth, The fragmentary right half of a mandible. We understand that these bones were obtained by workmen who were engaged in the removal of surface soil for the purpose of enabling them to expose the subjacent clay. Further, we were told that the soil thus removed consisted of strata of earth, peat and sand, and that the bones were found in the stratum of peat, but we have no knowledge of the relative position of one “ find ” to another. All the specimens were in a fragmentary condition, some, indeed, were extremely friable, and peeled and crumbled however carefully handled. Others showed the characteristic dark chocolate stain indicative of prolonged inclusion in peat. One tooth, however, was quite free from this dark stain, nor was it corroded like the others, and the excellent state of its preservation raised doubts as to its having been found along with the other objects in the layer of peat. Further, with the exception of the same tooth, all the remains showed considerable coating of vivianite, a pale-blue iron pigment nearly cobalt in its hue. 1. Antlers . Three of the antler fragments could, without any doubt, be fitted together as parts of one left antler of the Red Deer

A molar tooth and metatarsal bone found in the Omo beds seem to be those of a camel of about the same size as today's Bactrian camel. These are the first camel remains to be recognized in eastern Africa.

Measurements of the lengths of the shafts of the third, fourth and fifth metatarsals have been made on serial standarized radiographs of white Australian children. A statistical analysis showed that, in the boys, there were no real differences between the rates of elongation of the shafts during periods when the corresponding epiphyses became radio-opaque and those that occurred during earlier or later periods. There was a statistically significant tendency in the girls for rate of elongation of metatarsals to be more rapid before radio-opaque changes in epiphyses were noted than after.

Traumatic periostitis and malacia of the foot is a condition closely akin to “march foot.” We report such a case because we believe it is a rare variant of the latter disease and, as such, may be of value in an understanding of the pathogenesis concerned. It is generally accepted that “march foot” results from excessive strain and fatigue of the feet (6, 9, 11). The condition is most often encountered among infantry soldiers and that group of civilians whose occupations demand that they stand for long periods of time. The onset of the disease is usually gradual, and there is no history of a single, dramatic trauma immediately preceding the symptoms. The typical lesions are almost invariably encountered in the metatarsal bones, usually the second, third, and fourth (6, 9, 11). Involvement of both feet is customarily found. The patients complain of pain, swelling, redness, and tenderness over the dorsum of the feet. Roentgenograms made at the onset of symptoms show no abnormalities. The first radiographic s...

21-day-old rats and mice were fed a low-calcium diet (0.02% Ca) or a normal diet (0.5% Ca) for two weeks. Administration of the low-calcium diet resulted in greater decreases in femur ash content and serum calcium in rats than in mice. Microscopic examination revealed that metatarsal bones from a majority of the rats fed a low-calcium diet displayed moderate or severe osteoporotic changes whereas bones from mice were either normal or displayed only slight osteoporotic changes under the same experimental conditions. These results indicate that mice are better able to adapt to a low-calcium diet than are rats of the same age.