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The article presents a study which aims to investigate the impact of sex chromosome aneuploidy on the development of criminality and psychic diseases. The study utilizes mentally retarded and maladjusted men in three Swedish hospitals to determine the connection between excess chromosomes and social deviated behavior. Results of the study indicate that both excess X chromosomes and excess Y chromosomes do not produce a disposition for social deviated behavior in maladjusted and mentally retarded persons.

Examines the results of an experimental polyploidy in the animal kingdom. Role of polyploidization in the animal ontogenesis; Significance of animal polyploidy for animal phylogenesis; Importance of genome multiplication for the processes of genetic information for the phenotypical realization of the genotype.

Results of the study of Monostroma fuscum from San Juan Island, Washington, fully support the separation of the species M. fuscum from Monostroma sensu Wittrock into a taxon including M. obscurum. It would appear from this and previous studies that the M. obscurum-M. fuscum complex is clearly Ulvaeean. The characteristics of the complex include (1) alternation of morphologically similar haploid and diploid generations; (2) production of biflagellate gametes and quadriflagellate zoospores; (3) a uniseriate form in early ontogeny; (4) thallus development progressing through a vesicular stage that, as a result of localized degenerative processes, opens at a size of less than 1 cm into a monostromatic blade; (5) cells elongated perpendicular to the plane of the thallus and with rotund-truncate ends; (6) a single elongate plastid, thickened at the opposite poles of the cell and thinner in the equatorial region of the cell; (7) a thallus composed of cells with relatively inelastic walls; and (8) discrete discharge pores. The chromosome number of Monostroma fuscum is n = 9. The first division of the zoosporangium nucleus is meiosis I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case of a 7 1/2 year old mentally retarded boy who was classified as a mongoloid through chromosome analysis. Chromosomal analysis performed into the mentally retarded boy were presented and results showed a normal set of 46 chromosomes. The physical and developmental peculiarities of the boy that differ from the cytologically confirmed picture of mongolism are discussed, wherein some of them may be incompatible with the cytologically determined diagnosis of the disease.

The article presents a discussion on human chromosome abnormalities. Identification of each human chromosome has become more exact by the use of the quinacrine fluorescence technique. The article presents the results of analysis of fluorescence patterns of abnormal chromosomes. Recent advances in cytogenetics have made possible the identification of each of the human chromosomes by staining techniques such as the Q-staining method. Fluorescence patterns (Q-bands) of chromosome number 8 reveal medium fluorescence along the whole length of the long and the short arms. Chromosome number 21 has an intense fluorescent band on its long arm. These characteristic findings were found on abnormal chromosomes of a patient and his mother.

Discusses findings of a study which examined dermal ridge width in the second palmar interdigital area with special reference to aneuploid states. Description of the interval between the palmar triradii a and b; Difference in the width of dermal ridges; Relationship between ridge width and sex chromosome.

The article reports on the research conducted by R. H. Wetmore and colleagues on fern gametophytes in the U.S. Studies show that cell and nuclear volume increase with increases in chromosome number in a polyploid series. These volume increases in proportional to increases in the amount of nuclear DNA. It reveals that similar relationship between DNA and cell size in a variety of plants and rise in cell size was a direct result of the increase in DNA. The additional synthesis of cell wall material and cytoplasmic structure is correlated with the increase content of genetic material.

The article presents a study which examines theoretically the properties of polyploidy in relation to the ecological distribution and behaviour of the whole flora in Great Britain. Polyploidy in the study was estimated as the coefficient of polyploid types (CPT) among types in the subdivision of the flora. The result indicates that polyploidy increases with latitude. It was observed that higher polyploidy of monocots favours the hypothesis that they returned to dry land following aquatic existence which promoted polyploidy. It was also found that both monocot and dicot perennial species have higher CPT's than annuals, and that polyploidy may change diploid annuals to perennials.

The article presents several medical cases of sex chromatin negative women who are said to suffer neuropsychiatric disorders. The first case is about a woman who was sent to a mental hospital because she was starting to show signs like growing nervous and getting sudden attacks of laughing or weeping. The second case is about a woman who was treated for psychosis at a mental hospital because she was allegedly seeing Satan and hearing voices which try to stop her talks with God. The third case is about a woman who was allegedly admitted to a psychiatric department in connection with an application for a disablement pension. The fourth case, on the other hand, is about a woman who was treated for anorexia nervosa. These cases, accordingly, show the different kinds of gonosomal aneuploidy.

The article presents the psychological part of a comprehensive study of male patients with the XYY syndrome from the Cytogenetic Laboratory, in Risskov, Aarhus, Denmark. The ten patients studied were found in prevalence and incidence studies in psychiatric hospital, forensic psychiatric clinic and institution for criminal psychopaths. All ten was examined with cognitive test, such as the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and a learning efficiency test, and projective tests to investigate the presence of specific traits in cognition and adaptation. The findings of the study revealed no deviation from the accepted norms, which indicates that the intelligence level in XYY males is within the normal range, and the extra X chromosome material has no definite effect on intelligence level.