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This paper presents the design and implementation of automatic cooling and cleaning system (ACCS) for PV modules to optimize the performance of the PV module based on electrical efficiency drop resulting from increased cell temperature at loading and dust accumulation on PV module s surfaces. An increase in PV module temperature causes a linear reduction in its performance, affecting electrical power generation. Pressurized water jets by nozzles are used to cool and clean the front surface of the PV module. The theoretical model of the PV module is verified by MATLAB/Simulink software. The operational performance of ACCS was recorded and analyzed. The experimental results showed before cooling, the maximum power produced by the PV module was 65.31W, while after cooling increased by 73.24W. Also, electrical efficiency yield of before cooling the rate of decreasing efficiency 0.052% per 1℃ while after cooling the efficiency increased by 0.13% for each decrease 1℃. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the performance of the milling process in light of various operational factors. Including the effect of moisture on the flow balance of the Dura Mill for flour, this suffers from the problem of the mismatch of the total quantities of grain flowing from the silos during a period of 24 hours with the designed energy. The practical aspect was based on the study of the grain flow balancer, which consists of an electronic circuit consisting of a load cell in addition to a digital indicator and an electric motor. The practical results obtained under the weather conditions of the city of Baghdad showed that the reading of the primary grain humidifier that operates electronically proves its accuracy and accuracy up to 98%. The results from the practical part proved that the grain flow is constant, but the humidity when it is fixed to (12.5, 14) % to allow wetting by adding (2.5, 1) L / h of water to get a final humidity of 15% as batches were moistened. Separate up to a content of 16% by adding water moisture levels are set at (6.8, 7.4) % for the raw grains, but in case the moisture of the raw grains rises, the device reduces the amount of water added, in addition to that, if the amount of grain flow changes, the device reduces The amount of water in order to stabilize the required moisture value is 14%. From results we noticed that the highest. The results shows that the highest flow rate were in day (23 Dec. 2021) at 10:30, while the higher amount of water gained were in day (12 Feb. 2022) which was 1530. The deviation rate for the total quantities withdrawn from the silo after 8 hours was 0.9%. In this study, two cultivars of local soft wheat and five cultivars of imported wheat were rehydrated, and their most important characteristics were determined by using a 24-hour rest period to moisten the soft wheat to the moisture content (16 and 17%). While the results showed decreasing the extraction rates of wheat and significant decreases in the flour moisture, and brightness of flour with increasing wheat final moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current work is improving the performance of the grain flow balancer by collecting and installing the electronic parts, some of these parts were got from the local markets and others were imported from turkey state. The experimental work was by installing a new electronica grain flow balancer under one of the raw wheat silos instead of the old mechanical grain flow balancer, the new electronic system consists of an indicator and load cell and electrical valves. The results were highly accurate compared to the old mechanical device through the device readings first, and secondly, as well as comparing these readings with the reading of the initial grain moisturizing device that works electronically to prove the correctness and accuracy that reach 98 % of the readings of the initial grain moisturizing device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartflower (sunflower) is a compact energy generating system, it consists of a base structure, that houses a foldable array of solar cells that are deployed upon use and is able to track the movement of the sun along the hemisphere. The smart sunflower system's panels differ significantly from the traditional PV panels. In this paper, the thermal behavior analysis of the smart sunflower solar PV panels system is proposed using ANSYS-2020 R2 steady-state thermal analysis. This analysis was applied for the computation of the PV panel temperature distribution which was subjected to various atmospheric conditions. Existing formulations in the available literature are taken into account and, are based on NOCT conditions for several wind speeds and solar irradiance. The performance of the PV sunflower panel is compared with the usual solar panels at the same rated power. The proposed analysis is also used to consider the effect of panel shape and the role of thermal inertia in the performance of the PV panels. Results showed that the sunflower thermal performance is improved in comparison with the usual panels for the same rated power and ambient conditions due to improvement in the thermal characteristics of the sunflower panel such as heat convection coefficient. This study of the sunflower performance stimulates to direct the design to the manufacturing processes and experimentally test the sunflower performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of solar-thermal conversion that shows promise is the Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC). It can generate hot water at a modest performance level, according to a previous model. By modifying and managing the system's thermal performance, this research intends to create a PTC system with new features. The preliminary model, which used four copper pipes instead of one to gain more heat from the sun and was covered in insulation material to prevent heat loss while the water pipes were being transported, was still in its infancy. The model was evaluated for a range of solar radiation of 300,400,500,600,780 W/m2 and water mass flow rates of 0.00305, 0.0055, and 0.0082 kg/s outside (directly facing the sun). The parameters. given were measured throughout. the day under the climate of Baghdad city in 33˚ direct to the sun. Thermal insulators are also employed. The back surface of the reflector. is insulated with Armaflex insulation. The results indicated that.the maximum thermal efficiency was 63.2 % at 780 W/m2 solar. radiation and 0.00825 kg/s mass flow rate. and the higher temperature. difference was measured 45˚ at minimum mass. flow rate 0.00305 kg/s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical and chemical effects in the boiler of steam power plants are a complex problem due to the disturbance of water/steam level in the upper drum. This work introduces an experimental study for the mechanical effects problem presented by the disturbance in the upper drum. The experimental work is applied to the steam power plant (Didacta Italia made) at Damascus University. Two values of firing rate and mass flow rate of steam demand changing at (10and 20%) are investigated. The results gave decreasing in shrink and swell dynamics effect of 17 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]