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301. Modified BB84 quantum key distribution protocol robust to source imperfections

Author: Margarida Pereira, Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo, Álvaro Navarrete, Akihiro Mizutani, Go Kato, Marcos Curty, and Kiyoshi Tamaki
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The Bennett-Brassard 1984 (BB84) protocol is the most widely implemented quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme. However, despite enormous theoretical and experimental efforts in the past decades, the security of this protocol with imperfect sources has not yet been rigorously established. In this paper, we address this shortcoming and prove the security of the BB84 protocol in the presence of multiple source imperfections, including state preparation flaws and side channels, such as Trojan-horse attacks, mode dependencies and classical correlations between the emitted pulses. To do so, we consider a modified BB84 protocol that exploits the basis mismatched events, which are often discarded in standard security analyses of this scheme; and employ the reference technique, a powerful mathematical tool to accommodate source imperfections in the security analysis of QKD. Moreover, we compare the achievable secret-key rate of the modified BB84 protocol with that of the three-state loss-tolerant protocol, and show that the addition of a fourth state, while redundant in ideal conditions, significantly improves the estimation of the leaked information in the presence of source imperfections, resulting in a better performance. This paper demonstrates the relevance of the BB84 protocol in guaranteeing implementation security, taking us a step further towards closing the existing gap between theory and practice of QKD.
Published: 2023
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302. Orbit correction based on improved reinforcement learning algorithm

Author: Xiaolong Chen, Yongzhi Jia, Xin Qi, Zhijun Wang, and Yuan He
Subjects: Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been applied to a wide range of control problems in accelerator commissioning. In order to achieve efficient and fast control, these algorithms need to be highly efficient, so as to minimize the online training time. In this paper, we incorporated the beam position monitor trend into the observation space of the twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) algorithm and trained two different structure agents, one based on physical prior knowledge and the other using the original TD3 network architecture. Both of the agents exhibit strong robustness in the simulated environment. The effectiveness of the agent based on physical prior knowledge has been validated in a real accelerator. Results show that the agent can overcome the difference between simulated and real accelerator environments. Once the training is completed in the simulated environment, the agent can be directly applied to the real accelerator without any online training process. The RL agent is deployed to the medium energy beam transport section of China Accelerator Facility for Superheavy Elements. Fast and automatic orbit correction is being tested with up to ten degrees of freedom. The experimental results show that the agents can correct the orbit to within 1 mm. Moreover, due to the strong robustness of the agent, when a trained agent is applied to different lattices of different particles, the orbit correction can still be completed. Since there are no online data collection and training processes, all online corrections are done within 30 s. This paper shows that, as long as the robustness of the RL algorithm is sufficient, the offline learning agents can be directly applied to online correction, which will greatly improve the efficiency of orbit correction. Such an approach to RL may find promising applications in other areas of accelerator commissioning.
Published: 2023
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303. Deterministic entanglement distribution on series-parallel quantum networks

Author: Xiangyi Meng, Yulong Cui, Jianxi Gao, Shlomo Havlin, and Andrei E. Ruckenstein
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The performance of distributing entanglement between two distant nodes in a large-scale quantum network (QN) of partially entangled bipartite pure states is generally benchmarked against the classical entanglement percolation (CEP) scheme. Improvements beyond CEP were only achieved by nonscalable strategies for restricted QN topologies. This paper explores and amplifies a new and more effective mapping of a QN, referred to as concurrence percolation theory (ConPT), that suggests using deterministic rather than probabilistic protocols for scalably improving on CEP across arbitrary QN topology. More precisely, we implement ConPT via a deterministic entanglement transmission (DET) scheme that is fully analogous to resistor network analysis, with the corresponding series and parallel rules represented by deterministic entanglement swapping and concentration protocols, respectively. The main contribution of this paper is to establish a powerful mathematical framework, which is applicable to arbitrary d-dimensional information carriers (qudits), that provides different natural optimality metrics in terms of generalized k-concurrences (a family of fundamental entanglement measures) for different QN topologies. In particular, we conclude that the introduced DET scheme (a) is optimal over the well-known nested repeater protocol for distilling entanglement from partially entangled qubits and (b) leads to higher success probabilities of obtaining a maximally entangled state than using CEP. The implementation of the DET scheme is experimentally feasible as tested on IBM's quantum computation platform.
Published: 2023
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304. Online test administration results in students selecting more responses to multiple-choice-multiple-response items

Author: Alexis Olsho, Trevor I. Smith, Philip Eaton, Charlotte Zimmerman, Andrew Boudreaux, and Suzanne White Brahmia
Subjects: Special aspects of education, LC8-6691, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: We developed the Physics Inventory of Quantitative Literacy (PIQL) to assess students’ quantitative reasoning in introductory physics contexts. The PIQL includes several “multiple-choice-multiple-response” (MCMR) items (i.e., multiple-choice questions for which more than one response may be selected) as well as traditional single-response multiple-choice items. In this paper, we discuss differences in performance on MCMR items that seems to result from differences in administration method (paper versus online). In particular, we find a tendency for “clickiness” in online administration: students choose more responses to MCMR items when taking the electronic version of the assessment. Student performance on single-response multiple-choice items was not affected by administration method. These results suggest that MCMR items may provide a unique opportunity to probe differences in online and on-paper administration of low-stakes assessments.
Published: 2023
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305. Diffuse interface method for a compressible binary fluid

Author: Liu, Jiewei, Amberg, Gustav, Do-Quang, Minh, Liu, Jiewei, Amberg, Gustav, and Do-Quang, Minh
Abstract: Multicomponent, multiphase, compressible flows are very important in real life, as well as in scientific research, while their modeling is in an early stage. In this paper, we propose a diffuse interface model for compressible binary mixtures, based on the balance of mass, momentum, energy, and the second law of thermodynamics. We show both analytically and numerically that this model is able to describe the phase equilibrium for a real binary mixture (CO2 + ethanol is considered in this paper) very well by adjusting the parameter which measures the attraction force between molecules of the two components in the model. We also show that the calculated surface tension of the CO2 + ethanol mixture at different concentrations match measurements in the literature when the mixing capillary coefficient is taken to be the geometric mean of the capillary coefficient of each component. Three different cases of two droplets in a shear flow, with the same or different concentration, are simulated, showing that the higher concentration of CO2 the smaller the surface tension and the easier the drop deforms., QC 20160218
Published: 2016
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306. Complexity, action, and black holes

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Roberts, Daniel Adam, Brown, Adam R., Susskind, Leonard, Swingle, Brian, Zhao, Ying, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Roberts, Daniel Adam, Brown, Adam R., Susskind, Leonard, Swingle, Brian, and Zhao, Ying
Abstract: Our earlier paper “Complexity Equals Action” conjectured that the quantum computational complexity of a holographic state is given by the classical action of a region in the bulk (the “Wheeler-DeWitt” patch). We provide calculations for the results quoted in that paper, explain how it fits into a broader (tensor) network of ideas, and elaborate on the hypothesis that black holes are the fastest computers in nature., Hertz Foundation, United States. Dept. of Energy (Cooperative Research Agreement Contract DE-SC00012567)
Published: 2016

307. Finding and proving the exact ground state of a generalized Ising model by convex optimization and MAX-SAT

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huang, Wenxuan, Kitchaev, Daniil Andreevich, Dacek, Stephen Thomas, Cao, Shan, Ceder, Gerbrand, Rong, Ziqin, Urban, Alexander, Luo, Chuan, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Huang, Wenxuan, Kitchaev, Daniil Andreevich, Dacek, Stephen Thomas, Cao, Shan, Ceder, Gerbrand, Rong, Ziqin, Urban, Alexander, and Luo, Chuan
Abstract: Lattice models, also known as generalized Ising models or cluster expansions, are widely used in many areas of science and are routinely applied to the study of alloy thermodynamics, solid-solid phase transitions, magnetic and thermal properties of solids, fluid mechanics, and others. However, the problem of finding and proving the global ground state of a lattice model, which is essential for all of the aforementioned applications, has remained unresolved for relatively complex practical systems, with only a limited number of results for highly simplified systems known. In this paper, we present a practical and general algorithm that provides a provable periodically constrained ground state of a complex lattice model up to a given unit cell size and in many cases is able to prove global optimality over all other choices of unit cell. We transform the infinite-discrete-optimization problem into a pair of combinatorial optimization (MAX-SAT) and nonsmooth convex optimization (MAX-MIN) problems, which provide upper and lower bounds on the ground state energy, respectively. By systematically converging these bounds to each other, we may find and prove the exact ground state of realistic Hamiltonians whose exact solutions are difficult, if not impossible, to obtain via traditional methods. Considering that currently such practical Hamiltonians are solved using simulated annealing and genetic algorithms that are often unable to find the true global energy minimum and inherently cannot prove the optimality of their result, our paper opens the door to resolving longstanding uncertainties in lattice models of physical phenomena. An implementation of the algorithm is available at https://github.com/dkitch/maxsat-ising., United States. Dept. of Energy (Contract DE-FG02-96ER45571), United States. Office of Naval Research (Contract N00014-14-1-0444)
Published: 2016

308. Light-induced fictitious magnetic fields for quantum storage in cold atomic ensembles

Author: Jianmin Wang, Liang Dong, Xingchang Wang, Zihan Zhou, Jinshuai Huang, Ying Zuo, Georgios A. Siviloglou, and J. F. Chen
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: In this paper, we have demonstrated that optically generated fictitious magnetic fields can be utilized to extend the lifetime of quantum memories in cold atomic ensembles. All the degrees of freedom of an AC Stark shift, such as polarization, spatial profile, and temporal waveform, can be readily controlled in a precise manner. Temporal fluctuations over several experimental cycles and spatial inhomogeneities along a cold atomic gas have been compensated by an optical beam. The advantage of employing fictitious magnetic fields for quantum storage lies in the speed and spatial precision with which these fields can be synthesized. Our simple and versatile technique can find widespread application in coherent pulse and single-photon storage across various atomic species.
Published: 2024
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309. Denoising of imaginary time response functions with Hankel projections

Author: Yang Yu, Alexander F. Kemper, Chao Yang, and Emanuel Gull
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Imaginary-time response functions of finite-temperature quantum systems are often obtained with methods that exhibit stochastic or systematic errors. Reducing these errors comes at a large computational cost—in quantum Monte Carlo simulations, the reduction of noise by a factor of two incurs a simulation cost of a factor of four. In this paper, we relate certain imaginary-time response functions to an inner product on the space of linear operators on Fock space. We then show that data with noise typically does not respect the positive definiteness of its associated Gramian. The Gramian has the structure of a Hankel matrix. As a method for denoising noisy data, we introduce an alternating projection algorithm that finds the closest positive definite Hankel matrix consistent with noisy data. We test our methodology at the example of fermion Green's functions for continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo data and show remarkable improvements of the error, reducing noise by a factor of up to 20 in practical examples. We argue that Hankel projections should be used whenever finite-temperature imaginary-time data of response functions with errors is analyzed, be it in the context of quantum Monte Carlo, quantum computing, or in approximate semianalytic methodologies.
Published: 2024
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310. Phase space approach to solving higher order differential equations with artificial neural networks

Author: Floriano Tori and Vincent Ginis
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The ability to solve differential equations represents a key step in the modeling and understanding of complex systems. There exist several analytical and numerical methods for solving differential equations, each with their own advantages and limitations. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) offer an alternative perspective. Although PINNs deliver promising results, many stones remain unturned about this method. In this paper, we introduce a method that improves the efficiency of PINNs in solving differential equations. Our method is related to the formulation of the problem: Instead of training a network to solve an nth order differential equation, we propose transforming the problem into the equivalent system of n first-order equations in phase space. The target of the network is to solve all equations of the system simultaneously, effectively introducing a multitask optimization problem. We compare both approaches empirically on various problems, ranging from second-order differential equations with constant coefficients to higher-order and nonlinear problems. We also show that our approach is suited for solving partial differential equations. Our results show that the system approach performs equal or better in most experiments performed. We analyze the learning process for the few runs that did not perform well and show that the problem stems from conflicting gradients during training, effectively obstructing multitask learning. The result of this paper is a straightforward heuristic that can be incorporated into any subsequent research that builds on PINNs solving differential equations. Moreover, it also shows how to make PINNs even more efficient by implementing techniques from multitask learning literature.
Published: 2022
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311. Complete graph asymptotics for the Ising and random-cluster models on five-dimensional grids with a cyclic boundary

Author: Lundow, Per-Håkan, Markström, Klas, Lundow, Per-Håkan, and Markström, Klas
Abstract: The finite-size scaling behavior for the Ising model in five dimensions, with either free or cyclic boundary, has been the subject of a long-running debate. The older papers have been based on ideas from, e.g., field theory or renormalization. In this paper we propose a detailed and exact scaling picture for critical region of the model with cyclic boundary. Unlike the previous papers our approach is based on a comparison with the existing exact and rigorous results for the FK-random-cluster model on a complete graph. Based on those results we predict several distinct scaling regions in an L -dependent window around the critical point. We test these predictions by comparing with data from Monte Carlo simulations and find a good agreement. The main feature which differs between the complete graph and the five-dimensional model with free boundary is the existence of a bimodal energy distribution near the critical point in the latter. This feature was found by the same authors in an earlier paper in the form of a quasi-first-order phase transition for the same Ising model.
Published: 2015
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312. Modeling Protein Target Search in Human Chromosomes

Author: Nyberg, Markus, Ambjörnsson, Tobias, Stenberg, Per, Lizana, Ludvig, Nyberg, Markus, Ambjörnsson, Tobias, Stenberg, Per, and Lizana, Ludvig
Abstract: Several processes in the cell, such as gene regulation, start when key proteins recognize and bind to short DNA sequences. However, as these sequences can be hundreds of million times shorter than the genome, they are hard to find by simple diffusion: diffusion-limited association rates may underestimate in vitro measurements up to several orders of magnitude. Moreover, the rates increase if the DNA is coiled rather than straight. Here we model how this works in vivo in mammalian cells. We use chromatin-chromatin contact data from Hi-C experiments to map the protein target-search onto a network problem. The nodes represent DNA segments and the weight of the links are proportional to measured contact probabilities. We then put forward a diffusion-reaction equation for the density of searching protein that allows us to calculate the association rates across the genome analytically. For segments where the rates are high, we find that they are enriched with active gene starts and have high RNA expression levels. This paper suggests that the DNA's 3D conformation is important for protein search times in vivo and offers a method to interpret protein-binding profiles in eukaryotes that cannot be explained by the DNA sequence itself., Originally included in thesis in manuscript form with title "Modelling Protein Target-Search in Human Chromosomes".
Published: 2021
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313. Toward pricing financial derivatives with an IBM quantum computer

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Gobierno Vasco, Martín, Ana, Candelas, Bruno, Rodríguez Rozas, Ángel, Martín Guerrero, José D., Chen, Xi, Lamata Manuel, Lucas, Orús, Román, Solano, Enrique, Sanz, Mikel, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (MICINN). España, European Commission (EC). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER), Gobierno Vasco, Martín, Ana, Candelas, Bruno, Rodríguez Rozas, Ángel, Martín Guerrero, José D., Chen, Xi, Lamata Manuel, Lucas, Orús, Román, Solano, Enrique, and Sanz, Mikel
Abstract: Pricing interest-rate financial derivatives is a major problem in finance, in which it is crucial to accurately reproduce the time evolution of interest rates. Several stochastic dynamics have been proposed in the literature to model either the instantaneous interest rate or the instantaneous forward rate. A successful approach to model the latter is the celebrated Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework, in which its dynamics is entirely specified by volatility factors. In its multifactor version, this model considers several noisy components to capture at best the dynamics of several time-maturing forward rates. However, as no general analytical solution is available, there is a trade-off between the number of noisy factors considered and the computational time to perform a numerical simulation. Here, we employ the quantum principal component analysis to reduce the number of noisy factors required to accurately simulate the time evolution of several time-maturing forward rates. The principal components are experimentally estimated with the five-qubit IBMQX2 quantum computer for 2×2 and 3×3 cross-correlation matrices, which are based on historical data for two and three time-maturing forward rates. This paper is a step towards the design of a general quantum algorithm to fully simulate on quantum computers the Heath-Jarrow-Morton model for pricing interest-rate financial derivatives. It shows indeed that practical applications of quantum computers in finance will be achievable in the near future.
Published: 2021

314. Bound Entangled Singlet-Like States for Quantum Metrology

Author: Física teórica e historia de la ciencia, Fisika teorikoa eta zientziaren historia, Pal, Karoly F., Tóth, Géza, Bene, Erika, Vértesi, Tamás, Física teórica e historia de la ciencia, Fisika teorikoa eta zientziaren historia, Pal, Karoly F., Tóth, Géza, Bene, Erika, and Vértesi, Tamás
Abstract: Bipartite entangled quantum states with a positive partial transpose (PPT), i.e., PPT entangled states, are usually considered very weakly entangled. Since no pure entanglement can be distilled from them, they are also called bound entangled. In this paper, we present two classes of (2d x 2d)-dimensional PPT entangled states for any d >= 2 which outperform all separable states in metrology significantly. We present strong evidence that our states provide the maximal metrological gain achievable by PPT states for a given system size. When the dimension d goes to infinity, the metrological gain of these states becomes maximal and equals the metrological gain of a pair of maximally entangled qubits. Thus, we argue that our states could be called "PPT singlets."
Published: 2021

315. Toward Pricing Financial Derivatives with an IBM Quantum Computer

Author: Física de materiales, Química física, Kimika fisikoa, Materialen fisika, Martín Fernández, Ana, Candelas Peñalba, Bruno, Rodríguez Rozas, Ángel, Martín Guerrero, José David, Chen, Xi, Lamata Manuel, Lucas, Orus, Roman, Solano Villanueva, Enrique Leónidas, Sanz Ruiz, Mikel, Física de materiales, Química física, Kimika fisikoa, Materialen fisika, Martín Fernández, Ana, Candelas Peñalba, Bruno, Rodríguez Rozas, Ángel, Martín Guerrero, José David, Chen, Xi, Lamata Manuel, Lucas, Orus, Roman, Solano Villanueva, Enrique Leónidas, and Sanz Ruiz, Mikel
Abstract: Pricing interest-rate financial derivatives is a major problem in finance, in which it is crucial to accurately reproduce the time evolution of interest rates. Several stochastic dynamics have been proposed in the literature to model either the instantaneous interest rate or the instantaneous forward rate. A successful approach to model the latter is the celebrated Heath-Jarrow-Morton framework, in which its dynamics is entirely specified by volatility factors. In its multifactor version, this model considers several noisy components to capture at best the dynamics of several time-maturing forward rates. However, as no general analytical solution is available, there is a trade-off between the number of noisy factors considered and the computational time to perform a numerical simulation. Here, we employ the quantum principal component analysis to reduce the number of noisy factors required to accurately simulate the time evolution of several time-maturing forward rates. The principal components are experimentally estimated with the five-qubit IBMQX2 quantum computer for 2 x 2 and 3 x 3 cross-correlation matrices, which are based on historical data for two and three time-maturing forward rates. This paper is a step towards the design of a general quantum algorithm to fully simulate on quantum computers the HeathJarrow-Morton model for pricing interest-rate financial derivatives. It shows indeed that practical applications of quantum computers in finance will be achievable in the near future
Published: 2021

316. Direction of the microjet produced by the collapse of a cavitation bubble located in a corner of a wall and a free surface

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kiyama, Akihito, Shimazaki, Takaaki, Gordillo Arias de Saavedra, José Manuel, Tagawa, Yoshiyuki, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Ingeniería Aeroespacial y Mecánica de Fluidos, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Kiyama, Akihito, Shimazaki, Takaaki, Gordillo Arias de Saavedra, José Manuel, and Tagawa, Yoshiyuki
Abstract: In this paper, we present a simplified theoretical model based on the method of images that predicts the direction of the microjet produced after the implosion of a cavitation bubble created in a corner of a free interface and rigid wall. Our theoretical predictions have been verified by means of a thorough experimental study in which the distances of the pulsed-laser cavitation bubble to the wall and the free surface are varied in a systematic manner. In addition, we extend the predictions to arbitrary values of the corner angle, pi/(2n) with n a natural number. The present analytical solution might be a hint to a practical design for preventing cavitation-induced damage.
Published: 2021

317. Noncancellation of infrared singularities in collisions of massive quarks

Author: Caola, F, Melnikov, K, Napoletano, D, Tancredi, L, Caola F., Melnikov K., Napoletano D., Tancredi L., Caola, F, Melnikov, K, Napoletano, D, Tancredi, L, Caola F., Melnikov K., Napoletano D., and Tancredi L.
Abstract: We discuss the infrared structure of processes with massive quarks in the initial state. It is well known that, starting from next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD, such processes exhibit a violation of the Bloch-Nordsieck theorem, in that the sum of real and virtual contributions to partonic cross sections contains uncanceled infrared singularities. The main purpose of this paper is to present a simple physical argument that elucidates the origin of these singularities and simplifies the derivation of infrared-singular contributions to heavy-quark initiated cross sections.
Published: 2021

318. Stability of similarity solutions of viscous thread pinch-off

Author: Dallaston, Michael C., Zhao, Chengxi, Sprittles, James E., Eggers, Jens, Dallaston, Michael C., Zhao, Chengxi, Sprittles, James E., and Eggers, Jens
Abstract: In this paper we compute the linear stability of similarity solutions of the breakup of viscous liquid threads, in which the viscosity and inertia of the liquid are in balance with the surface tension. The stability of the similarity solution is determined using numerical continuation to find the dominant eigenvalues. The stability of the first two solutions (those with the largest minimum radius) is considered. We find that the first similarity solution, which is the one seen in experiments and simulations, is linearly stable with a complex nontrivial eigenvalue, which could explain the phenomenon of breakup producing sequences of small satellite droplets of decreasing radius near a main pinch-off point. The second solution is seen to be linearly unstable. These linear stability results compare favorably to numerical simulations for the stable similarity solution, while a profile starting near the unstable similarity solution is shown to very rapidly leave the linear regime.
Published: 2021

319. Ni3+-induced semiconductor-to-metal transition in spinel nickel cobaltite thin films

Author: Huang, X. C., Li, W. W., Zhang, S., Oropeza, F. E., Gorni, G., de la Peña-O’Shea, V. A., Lee, T. L., Wu, M., Wang, L. S., Qi, D. C., Qiao, L., Cheng, J., Zhang, K. H.L., Huang, X. C., Li, W. W., Zhang, S., Oropeza, F. E., Gorni, G., de la Peña-O’Shea, V. A., Lee, T. L., Wu, M., Wang, L. S., Qi, D. C., Qiao, L., Cheng, J., and Zhang, K. H.L.
Abstract: In this paper, we report insights into the local atomic and electronic structure of epitaxial thin films and its correlation with electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. We grew structurally well-defined epitaxial thin films with controlled properties on substrates using pulsed laser deposition. Films grown at low temperatures () exhibit a ferrimagnetic and metallic behavior, while those grown at high temperatures are nonmagnetic semiconductors. The electronic structure and cation local atomic coordination of the respective films were investigated using a combination of resonant photoemission spectroscopy, x-ray absorption spectroscopy, and ab initio calculations. Our results unambiguously reveal that the valence state promoted at low growth temperature introduces delocalized -derived states at the Fermi level (), responsible for the metallic state in , while the -related state is more localized at higher binding energy. In the semiconducting films, the valence state of Ni is lowered and . Further structural and defect chemistry studies indicate that the formation of oxygen vacancies and secondary CoO phases at high growth temperature are responsible for the valence state in . The -related state becomes localized away from , opening a band gap for a semiconducting state. The band gap of the semiconducting is estimated to be , which is much smaller than the quoted values in the literature ranging from 1.1 to 2.58 eV. Despite the small band gap, its optical transition is dipole forbidden, and therefore, the semiconducting still shows reasonable transparency in the infrared-visible light region. The present insights into the role of in determining the electronic structure and defect chemistry of provide important guidance for use of in electrocatalysis and opto-electronics.
Published: 2021

320. Computationally efficient sandbox algorithm for multifractal analysis of large-scale complex networks with tens of millions of nodes

Author: Ding, Yuemin, Liu, Jin-Long, Li, Xiaohui, Tian, Yu-Chu, Yu, Zu-Guo, Ding, Yuemin, Liu, Jin-Long, Li, Xiaohui, Tian, Yu-Chu, and Yu, Zu-Guo
Abstract: Among various algorithms of multifractal analysis (MFA) for complex networks, the sandbox MFA algorithm behaves with the best computational efficiency. However, the existing sandbox algorithm is still computationally expensive for MFA of large-scale networks with tens of millions of nodes. It is also not clear whether MFA results can be improved by a largely increased size of a theoretical network. To tackle these challenges, a computationally efficient sandbox algorithm (CESA) is presented in this paper for MFA of large-scale networks. Distinct from the existing sandbox algorithm that uses the shortest-path distance matrix to obtain the required information for MFA of networks, our CESA employs the compressed sparse row format of the adjacency matrix and the breadth-first search technique to directly search the neighbor nodes of each layer of center nodes, and then to retrieve the required information. A theoretical analysis reveals that the CESA reduces the time complexity of the existing sandbox algorithm from cubic to quadratic, and also improves the space complexity from quadratic to linear. Then the CESA is demonstrated to be effective, efficient, and feasible through the MFA results of (u,v)-flower model networks from the fifth to the 12th generations. It enables us to study the multifractality of networks of the size of about 11 million nodes with a normal desktop computer. Furthermore, we have also found that increasing the size of (u,v)-flower model network does improve the accuracy of MFA results. Finally, our CESA is applied to a few typical real-world networks of large scale.
Published: 2021

321. Thermal induced spin-polarized current protected by spin-momentum locking in ZrTe5 nanowires

Author: Ning, Jiai, Peng, Wanli, Wang, Wei, Chen, Zhendong, Yang, Pei, Chen, Yequan, Zhao, Yafei, Sun, Yizhe, Kanagaraj, Moorthi, Yang, Long, Gao, Qinwu, Zhang, Junran, Zhao, Degang, Pan, Danfeng, Ruan, Xuezhong, Li, Yao, Liu, Wenqing, He, Liang, Chen, Zhi-Gang, Xu, Yongbing, Ning, Jiai, Peng, Wanli, Wang, Wei, Chen, Zhendong, Yang, Pei, Chen, Yequan, Zhao, Yafei, Sun, Yizhe, Kanagaraj, Moorthi, Yang, Long, Gao, Qinwu, Zhang, Junran, Zhao, Degang, Pan, Danfeng, Ruan, Xuezhong, Li, Yao, Liu, Wenqing, He, Liang, Chen, Zhi-Gang, and Xu, Yongbing
Abstract: Spin-momentum locking arising from strong spin-orbit coupling is one of the key natures of topological materials. Since charge can induce a spin polarization due to spin-momentum locking, the search for materials that exhibit this feature has become one of the top priorities in the field of spintronics. In this paper, we report the electrical detection of the spin-transport properties of ZrTe5 nanowires, using a nonlocal geometry measurement. A clear hysteresis voltage signal, which depends on the relative orientations between the magnetization of the ferromagnetic electrodes and the carrier spin polarization, has been observed. The hysteresis voltage states can be reversed by altering the electron movement direction, providing direct evidence of the spin-momentum locking feature of ZrTe5 nanowires and revealing its topological nature. Furthermore, the current-dependent measurement suggests that the charge (spin) current is induced by thermal effect, which utilizes the thermoelectric properties of ZrTe5. Using the thermal effect to control the spin-polarized current protected by spin-momentum locking offers possibilities for small-sized devices based on the topological materials.
Published: 2021

322. Active-to-sterile neutrino dipole portal and the XENON1T excess

Author: Shoemaker, Ian M., Tsai, Yu-Dai, Wyenberg, Jason, Shoemaker, Ian M., Tsai, Yu-Dai, and Wyenberg, Jason
Abstract: In this paper, we find that a magnetic transition dipole moment between tau and sterile neutrinos can account for the XENON1T excess events. Unlike the ordinary neutrino dipole moment, the introduction of the new sterile mass scale allows for astrophysical bounds to be suppressed. Interestingly, the best-fit regions that are compatible with the SN1987A imply either boron-8 as the source flux. We find that sterile neutrinos in the similar to(500-800) keV mass range are capable of evading astrophysical constraints while being able to successfully explain the XENON1T event rate. We also set new constraints on the dipole portal based on the Xenon 1T data. The sterile neutrino in the best fit parameter space may have significant effects on big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN). We show the region in which a low reheating temperature of the Universe may allow the BBN constraints to be alleviated.
Published: 2021
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323. Finding Type and Location of the Source of Cardiac Arrhythmias from the Averaged Flow Velocity Field Using the Determinant-trace Method

Author: Li, Q. -H., Van Nieuwenhuyse, E., Xia, Y. -X., Pan, J. -T., Duytschaever, M., Knecht, S., Vandersickel, N., Zhou, C., Panfilov, A. V., Zhang, H., Li, Q. -H., Van Nieuwenhuyse, E., Xia, Y. -X., Pan, J. -T., Duytschaever, M., Knecht, S., Vandersickel, N., Zhou, C., Panfilov, A. V., and Zhang, H.
Abstract: Life threatening cardiac arrhythmias result from abnormal propagation of nonlinear electrical excitation waves in the heart. Finding the locations of the sources of these waves remains a challenging problem. This is mainly due to the low spatial resolution of electrode recordings of these waves. Also, these recordings are subjected to noise. In this paper, we develop a different approach: the AFV-DT method based on an averaged flow velocity (AFV) technique adopted from the analysis of optical flows and the determinant-trace (DT) method used for vector field analysis of dynamical systems. This method can find the location and determine all important types of sources found in excitable media such as focal activity, spiral waves, and waves rotating around obstacles. We test this method on in silico data of various wave excitation patterns obtained using the Luo-Rudy model for cardiac tissue. We show that the method works well for data with low spatial resolutions (up to 8×8) and is stable against noise. Finally, we apply it to two clinical cases and show that it can correctly identify the arrhythmia type and location. We discuss further steps on the development and improvement of this approach. © 2021 American Physical Society.
Published: 2021

324. Dynamic Polarization of Electron Spins in Indirect Band Gap (In,Al)As/AlAs Quantum Dots in a Weak Magnetic Field: Experiment and Theory

Author: Shamirzaev, T. S., Shumilin, A. V., Smirnov, D. S., Rautert, J., Yakovlev, D. R., Bayer, M., Shamirzaev, T. S., Shumilin, A. V., Smirnov, D. S., Rautert, J., Yakovlev, D. R., and Bayer, M.
Abstract: A novel spin orientation mechanism - dynamic electron spin polarization - has been recently suggested in Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 156801 (2020)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.125.156801. It takes place for unpolarized optical excitation in weak magnetic fields of the order of a few millitesla. In this paper we demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that the dynamic electron spin polarization degree changes sign as a function of time, strength of the applied magnetic field, and its direction. The studies are performed on indirect band-gap (In,Al)As/AlAs quantum dots and their results are explained in the framework of a theoretical model developed for our experimental setting. © 2021 American Physical Society.
Published: 2021

325. All-sky search for short gravitational-wave bursts in the third advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo run

Author: UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, Abbott, R., Miller, Andrew, UCL - SST/IRMP - Institut de recherche en mathématique et physique, Abbott, R., and Miller, Andrew
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a search for generic short-duration gravitational-wave transients in data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. Transients with durations of milliseconds to a few seconds in the 24--4096 Hz frequency band are targeted by the search, with no assumptions made regarding the incoming signal direction, polarization or morphology. Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences that have been identified by other targeted analyses are detected, but no statistically significant evidence for other gravitational wave bursts is found. Sensitivities to a variety of signals are presented. These include updated upper limits on the source rate-density as a function of the characteristic frequency of the signal, which are roughly an order of magnitude better than previous upper limits. This search is sensitive to sources radiating as little as ∼10−10M⊙c2 in gravitational waves at ∼70 Hz from a distance of 10~kpc, with 50\% detection efficiency at a false alarm rate of one per century. The sensitivity of this search to two plausible astrophysical sources is estimated: neutron star f-modes, which may be excited by pulsar glitches, as well as selected core-collapse supernova models
Published: 2021

326. System Size Synchronization

Author: Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Junta de Andalucia, Olivera Atencio, María Laura, Morillo Buzón, Manuel, Casado Pascual, Jesús, Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). España, Junta de Andalucia, Olivera Atencio, María Laura, Morillo Buzón, Manuel, and Casado Pascual, Jesús
Abstract: In this paper we bring out the existence of a kind of synchronization associated with the size of a complex system. A dichotomic random jump process associated with the dynamics of an externally driven stochastic system with N coupled units is constructed. We define an output frequency and phase diffusion coefficient. System size synchronization occurs when the average output frequency is locked to the external one and the average phase diffusion coefficient shows a very deep minimum for a range of system sizes. Analytical and numerical procedures are introduced to study the phenomenon, and the results describe successfully the existence of system size synchronization.
Published: 2021

327. Two distinct non-Arrhenius behaviors of hydrogen diffusivities in fcc aluminum, silver, and copper determined by ab initio path integral simulations

Author: Kimizuka, Hajime, Shiga, Motoyuki, Kimizuka, Hajime, and Shiga, Motoyuki
Abstract: Nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) are highly important for understanding a host of kinetic processes that occur with the participation of H (e.g., H adsorption, diffusion, permeation, and trapping in materials). In this paper, ab initio path integral molecular dynamics simulations were used to investigate NQEs on the lattice diffusion of H in common face-centered cubic (fcc) metals such as Al, Ag, and Cu over a wide temperature range of 75–1200 K (75–900 K for Al). We determined that the dependence of H diffusivities on temperature in Ag and Cu has a “reversed-S” shape on Arrhenius plots, as confirmed for fcc Pd in our recent study [H. Kimizuka et al., Phys. Rev. B 100, 024104 (2019)]. This result illustrates that the phenomenon is common in many fcc metals in which H atoms prefer to occupy octahedral sites. On the other hand, in the case of Al, in which H atoms prefer to occupy tetrahedral sites, the dependence of H diffusivities on temperature exhibits a familiar “C” shape. Such counterintuitive behavior is ascribed to differences in the dependence on temperature of the activation barriers for H migration between both types of fcc metals; this is due to the NQEs involving a competition between deceleration of H migration, which becomes effective at high temperatures because of zero-point vibrations, and acceleration of H migration, which becomes effective at low temperatures because of quantum tunneling. The dominance of the two mechanisms is determined by the coupling of the NQEs and the site preference of H depending on the metal. This finding has important implications for the interpretation of kinetic processes involving the crossover from classical to quantum behavior of H atoms jumping between different types of interstitial sites.
Published: 2021

328. Anomalous transport phenomenon of a charged Brownian particle under a thermal gradient and a magnetic field

Author: Matsuyama, Hiromichi, Miyazaki, Kunimasa, Matsuyama, Hiromichi, and Miyazaki, Kunimasa
Abstract: There is a growing interest in the stochastic processes of nonequilibrium systems subject to nonconserved forces, such as the magnetic forces acting on charged particles and the chiral self-propelled force acting on active particles. In this paper, we consider the stationary transport of noninteracting Brownian particles under a constant magnetic field in a position-dependent temperature background. We demonstrate the existence of the Nernst-like stationary density current perpendicular to both the temperature gradient and magnetic field, induced by the intricate coupling between the nonconserved force and the multiplicative noises due to the position-dependent temperature.
Published: 2021

329. Vortex-mediated relaxation of magnon BEC into light Higgs quasiparticles

Author: Autti, S. (S.), Heikkinen, P. J. (P. J.), Laine, S. M. (S. M.), Mäkinen, J. T. (J. T.), Thuneberg, E. V. (E. V.), Zavjalov, V. V. (V. V.), Eltsov, V. B. (V. B.), Autti, S. (S.), Heikkinen, P. J. (P. J.), Laine, S. M. (S. M.), Mäkinen, J. T. (J. T.), Thuneberg, E. V. (E. V.), Zavjalov, V. V. (V. V.), and Eltsov, V. B. (V. B.)
Abstract: A magnon Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) in superﬂuid ³He is a ﬁne instrument for studying the surrounding macroscopic quantum system. At zero temperature, the BEC is subject to a few distinct forms of decay into other collective excitations, owing to momentum and energy conservation in a quantum vacuum. We study the vortex-Higgs mechanism: The vortices relax the requirement for momentum conservation, allowing the optical magnons of the BEC to transform into light Higgs quasiparticles. This facilitates a direct measurement of the dimensions of the B-phase double-core vortex, providing experimental access to elusive phenomena, such as the Kelvin wave cascade and core-bound Majorana fermions. Our paper expands the spectrum of possible interactions between magnetic quasiparticles in ³He -B and lays the groundwork for building magnon-based quantum devices.
Published: 2021

330. Measurements of W±Z production cross sections in pp collisions at s =8 TeV with the ATLAS detector and limits on anomalous gauge boson self-couplings

Author: Sultansoy, Saleh, Abdinov, O., Aad, G., Abdallah, J., Abeloos, B., The ATLAS Collaboration, Aben, R., Abbott, B., Sultansoy, Saleh, Abdinov, O., Aad, G., Abdallah, J., Abeloos, B., The ATLAS Collaboration, Aben, R., and Abbott, B.
Abstract: This paper presents measurements of W±Z production in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The gauge bosons are reconstructed using their leptonic decay modes into electrons and muons. The data were collected in 2012 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb-1. The measured inclusive cross section in the detector fiducial region is ?W±Z? ??=35.1±0.9(stat)±0.8(sys)±0.8(lumi) fb, for one leptonic decay channel. In comparison, the next-to-leading-order Standard Model expectation is 30.0±2.1 fb. Cross sections for W+Z and W-Z production and their ratio are presented as well as differential cross sections for several kinematic observables. Limits on anomalous triple gauge boson couplings are derived from the transverse mass spectrum of the W±Z system. From the analysis of events with a W and a Z boson associated with two or more forward jets an upper limit at 95% confidence level on the W±Z scattering cross section of 0.63 fb, for each leptonic decay channel, is established, while the Standard Model prediction at next-to-leading order is 0.13±0.01 fb. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge boson couplings are also extracted. © 2016 CERN.
Published: 2021

331. Fractonic superfluids. II. Condensing subdimensional particles

Author: Chen, Shuai A., Yuan, Jian-Keng, Ye, Peng, Chen, Shuai A., Yuan, Jian-Keng, and Ye, Peng
Abstract: As a series of work about "fractonic superfluids,"in this paper, we develop an exotic fractonic superfluid phase in d-dimensional space where subdimensional particles - their mobility is partially restricted - are condensed. The off-diagonal long range order (ODLRO) is investigated. To demonstrate, we consider "lineons"- a subdimensional particle whose mobility is free only in certain one-dimensional directions. We start with a d-component microscopic Hamiltonian model. The model respects a higher-rank symmetry such that both particle numbers of each component and angular charge moments are conserved quantities. By performing the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov approximation, we derive a set of Gross-Pitaevskii equations and a Bogoliubov-de Gennes (BdG) Hamiltonian, which leads to a description of both condensed components and unification of gapless phonons and gapped rotons. With the coherent-path-integral representation, we also derive the long-wavelength effective field theory of gapless Goldstone modes and analyze quantum fluctuations around classical ground states. The Euler-Lagrange equations and Noether charges/currents are also studied. In two spatial dimensions and higher, such an ODLRO stays stable against quantum fluctuations. Finally, we study vortex configurations. The higher-rank symmetry enforces a hierarchy of thermal vortex excitations whose structures are dominated by two guiding statements. Specially, we construct two types of vortex excitations, the conventional and dipole vortices. The latter carries a charge with dimension as a momentum. The two statements can be more generally applicable. Further perspectives are discussed. © 2021 authors.
Published: 2021

332. Merger-ringdown consistency: A new test of strong gravity using deep learning

Author: Bhagwat, S, Pacilio, C, Swetha Bhagwat, Costantino Pacilio, Bhagwat, S, Pacilio, C, Swetha Bhagwat, and Costantino Pacilio
Abstract: The gravitational waves emitted during the coalescence of binary black holes are an excellent probe to test the behavior of strong gravity. In this paper, we propose a new test called the merger-ringdown consistency test that focuses on probing the imprints of the dynamics in strong-gravity around the black-holes during the plunge-merger and ringdown phase. Furthermore, we present a scheme that allows us to efficiently combine information across multiple ringdown observations to perform a statistical null test of GR using the detected BH population. We present a proof-of-concept study for this test using simulated binary black hole ringdowns embedded in the next-generation ground-based detector noise. We demonstrate the feasibility of our test using a deep learning framework, setting a precedence for performing precision tests of gravity with neural networks.
Published: 2021

333. Machine learning representation of the F-2 structure function over all charted Q(2) and x range

Author: Brown, S., Niculescu, G., Niculescu, I, Brown, S., Niculescu, G., and Niculescu, I
Abstract: Structure function data provide insight into the nucleon quark distribution. They are relatively straightforward to extract from the world's vast, and growing, amount of inclusive leptoproduction data. In turn, structure functions can be used to model the physical processes needed for planning and optimizing future experiments. In this paper a machine learning algorithm capable of predicting, using a unique set of parameters, the F2 structure function, for four-momentum transfer 0.055 Q2 800.0 GeV2 and for Bjorken x from 2.8 x 10-5 to the pion threshold, is presented. The model was trained and reproduces the hydrogen and the deuterium data at a level comparable with the average uncertainty of the experimental data. Extending the model to heavier nuclei or expanding the kinematic range is straightforward. The model is at least ten times faster than existing grid-based structure functions parametrizations that rely on interpolation and a hundred times faster than models requiring convolutions, making it an ideal candidate for event generators and systematic studies.
Published: 2021

334. Note on the pragmatic mode-sum regularization method: Translational-splitting in a cosmological background

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Beltrán-Palau, P., Del Río, Adrián, Nadal-Gisbert, S., Navarro-Salas, José, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Beltrán-Palau, P., Del Río, Adrián, Nadal-Gisbert, S., and Navarro-Salas, José
Abstract: The point-splitting renormalization method offers a prescription to calculate finite expectation values of quadratic operators constructed from quantum fields in a general curved spacetime. It has been recently shown by Levi and Ori that when the background metric possesses an isometry, like stationary or spherically symmetric black holes, the method can be upgraded into a pragmatic procedure of renormalization that produces efficient numerical calculations. In this paper we show that when the background enjoys three-dimensional spatial symmetries, like homogeneous expanding universes, the above pragmatic regularization technique reduces to the well-established adiabatic regularization method.
Published: 2021

335. Directed ratchet transport of cold atoms and fluxons driven by biharmonic fields: A unified view

Author: Junta de Extremadura, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Gobierno de Aragón, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Diputación General de Aragón, Chacón, Ricardo, Martínez, Pedro J., Junta de Extremadura, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Gobierno de Aragón, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Diputación General de Aragón, Chacón, Ricardo, and Martínez, Pedro J.
Abstract: This paper discusses two retrodictions of the theory of ratchet universality which explain previous experimental results concerning directed ratchet transport of cold atoms in dissipative optical lattices in one case and of fluxons in uniform annular Josephson junctions in the other, both driven by biharmonic fields. It has to be emphasized that these retrodictions are in sharp contrast with the current standard explanation of such experimental results, and they offer optimal control of the ratchetlike motion of such entities. New experimental proposals with cold atoms and fluxons are discussed, providing additional tests for novel predictions from ratchet universality.
Published: 2021

336. Domain wall induced spin-polarized flat bands in antiferromagnetic topological insulators

Author: Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russian Science Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, German Research Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Saint Petersburg State University, Petrov, Evgeniy K., Men'shov, V. N., Rusinov, Igor P., Hoffmann, Martin, Ernst, Arthur, Otrokov, M. M., Dugaev, V. K., Menshchikova, Tatiana V., Chulkov, Eugene V., Russian Foundation for Basic Research, Russian Science Foundation, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, German Research Foundation, National Science Centre (Poland), Saint Petersburg State University, Petrov, Evgeniy K., Men'shov, V. N., Rusinov, Igor P., Hoffmann, Martin, Ernst, Arthur, Otrokov, M. M., Dugaev, V. K., Menshchikova, Tatiana V., and Chulkov, Eugene V.
Abstract: A flat band in fermionic system is a dispersionless single-particle state with a diverging effective mass and nearly zero group velocity. These flat bands are expected to support exotic properties in the ground state, which might be important for a wide range of promising physical phenomena. For many applications, it is highly desirable to have such states in Dirac materials, but so far they have been reported only in some nonmagnetic Dirac systems. In this paper, we propose a realization of topologically protected spin-polarized flat bands generated by domain walls in planar magnetic topological insulators. Using first-principles material design, we suggest a family of intrinsic antiferromagnetic topological insulators with an in-plane sublattice magnetization and high Néel temperature. Such systems can host domain walls in a natural manner. For these materials, we demonstrate the existence of spin-polarized flat bands in the vicinity of the Fermi level and discuss their properties and potential applications.
Published: 2021

337. Resonant Coupling Parameter Estimation with Superconducting Qubits

Author: Bejanin, JH, Earnest, CT, Sanders, YR, Mariantoni, M, Bejanin, JH, Earnest, CT, Sanders, YR, and Mariantoni, M
Abstract: Today’s quantum computers are composed of tens of qubits interacting with each other and the environment in increasingly complex networks. To achieve the best possible performance when operating such systems, it is necessary to have accurate knowledge of all parameters in the quantum computer Hamiltonian. In this paper, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally a method to efficiently learn the parameters of resonant interactions for quantum computers consisting of frequency-tunable superconducting qubits. Such interactions include, for example, those with other qubits, resonators, two-level systems, or other wanted or unwanted modes. Our method is based on a significantly improved swap spectroscopy calibration and consists of an offline data collection algorithm, followed by an online Bayesian learning algorithm. The purpose of the offline algorithm is to detect and coarsely estimate resonant interactions from a state of zero knowledge. It produces a quadratic speedup in the scaling of the number of measurements. The online algorithm subsequently refines the estimate of the parameters to accuracy comparable with that of traditional swap spectroscopy calibration but in constant time. We perform an experiment implementing our technique with a superconducting qubit. By combining both algorithms, we observe a reduction of the calibration time by 1 order of magnitude. Our method will improve present medium-scale superconducting quantum computers and will also scale up to larger systems. Finally, the two algorithms presented here can be readily adopted by communities working on different physical implementations of quantum computing architectures.
Published: 2021

338. All-sky search for short gravitational-wave bursts in the third Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo run

Author: Abbott, R, Abbott, T, Acernese, F, Ackley, K, Adams, C, Adhikari, N, Adhikari, R, Adya, V, Affeldt, C, Agarwal, D, Agathos, M, Agatsuma, K, Aggarwal, N, Aguiar, O, Aiello, L, Ain, A, Ajith, P, Akutsu, T, Albanesi, S, Allocca, A, Altin, P, Amato, A, Anand, C, Anand, S, Ananyeva, A, Anderson, S, Anderson, W, Ando, M, Andrade, T, Andres, N, Andric, T, Angelova, S, Ansoldi, S, Antelis, J, Antier, S, Appert, S, Arai, K, Arai, Y, Araki, S, Araya, A, Araya, M, Areeda, J, Arene, M, Aritomi, N, Arnaud, N, Aronson, S, Arun, K, Asada, H, Asali, Y, Ashton, G, Aso, Y, Assiduo, M, Aston, S, Astone, P, Aubin, F, Austin, C, Babak, S, Badaracco, F, Bader, M, Badger, C, Bae, S, Bae, Y, Baer, A, Bagnasco, S, Bai, Y, Baiotti, L, Baird, J, Bajpai, R, Ball, M, Ballardin, G, Ballmer, S, Balsamo, A, Baltus, G, Banagiri, S, Bankar, D, Barayoga, J, Barbieri, C, Barish, B, Barker, D, Barneo, P, Barone, F, Barr, B, Barsotti, L, Barsuglia, M, Barta, D, Bartlett, J, Barton, M, Bartos, I, Bassiri, R, Basti, A, Bawaj, M, Bayley, J, Baylor, A, Bazzan, M, Becsy, B, Bedakihale, V, Bejger, M, Belahcene, I, Benedetto, V, Beniwal, D, Bennett, T, Bentley, J, Benyaala, M, Bergamin, F, Berger, B, Bernuzzi, S, Berry, C, Bersanetti, D, Bertolini, A, Betzwieser, J, Beveridge, D, Bhandare, R, Bhardwaj, U, Bhattacharjee, D, Bhaumik, S, Bilenko, I, Billingsley, G, Bini, S, Birney, R, Birnholtz, O, Biscans, S, Bischi, M, Biscoveanu, S, Bisht, A, Biswas, B, Bitossi, M, Bizouard, M, Blackburn, J, Blair, C, Blair, D, Blair, R, Bobba, F, Bode, N, Boer, M, Bogaert, G, Boldrini, M, Bonavena, L, Bondu, F, Bonilla, E, Bonnand, R, Booker, P, Boom, B, Bork, R, Boschi, V, Bose, N, Bose, S, Bossilkov, V, Boudart, V, Bouffanais, Y, Bozzi, A, Bradaschia, C, Brady, P, Bramley, A, Branch, A, Branchesi, M, Brau, J, Breschi, M, Briant, T, Briggs, J, Brillet, A, Brinkmann, M, Brockill, P, Brooks, A, Brooks, J, Brown, D, Brunett, S, Bruno, G, Bruntz, R, Bryant, J, Bulik, T, Bulten, H, Buonanno, A, Buscicchio, R, Buskulic, D, Buy, C, Byer, R, Cadonati, L, Cagnoli, G, Cahillane, C, Bustillo, J, Callaghan, J, Callister, T, Calloni, E, Cameron, J, Camp, J, Canepa, M, Canevarolo, S, Cannavacciuolo, M, Cannon, K, Cao, H, Cao, Z, Capocasa, E, Capote, E, Carapella, G, Carbognani, F, Carlin, J, Carney, M, Carpinelli, M, Carrillo, G, Carullo, G, Carver, T, Diaz, J, Casentini, C, Castaldi, G, Caudill, S, Cavaglia, M, Cavalier, F, Cavalieri, R, Ceasar, M, Cella, G, Cerda-Duran, P, Cesarini, E, Chaibi, W, Chakravarti, K, Subrahmanya, S, Champion, E, Chan, C, Chan, K, Chan, M, Chandra, K, Chanial, P, Chao, S, Charlton, P, Chase, E, Chassande-Mottin, E, Chatterjee, C, Chatterjee, D, Chaturvedi, M, Chaty, S, Chatziioannou, K, Chen, C, Chen, H, Chen, J, Chen, K, Chen, X, Chen, Y, Chen, Z, Cheng, H, Cheong, C, Cheung, H, Chia, H, Chiadini, F, Chiang, C, Chiarini, G, Chierici, R, Chincarini, A, Chiofalo, M, Chiummo, A, Cho, G, Cho, H, Choudhary, R, Choudhary, S, Christensen, N, Chu, H, Chu, Q, Chu, Y, Chua, S, Chung, K, Ciani, G, Ciecielag, P, Cieslar, M, Cifaldi, M, Ciobanu, A, Ciolfi, R, Cipriano, F, Cirone, A, Clara, F, Clark, E, Clark, J, Clarke, L, Clearwater, P, Clesse, S, Cleva, F, Coccia, E, Codazzo, E, Cohadon, P, Cohen, D, Cohen, L, Colleoni, M, Collette, C, Colombo, A, Colpi, M, Compton, C, Constancio, M, Conti, L, Cooper, S, Corban, P, Corbitt, T, Cordero-Carrion, I, Corezzi, S, Corley, K, Cornish, N, Corre, D, Corsi, A, Cortese, S, Costa, C, Cotesta, R, Coughlin, M, Coulon, J, Countryman, S, Cousins, B, Couvares, P, Coward, D, Cowart, M, Coyne, D, Coyne, R, Creighton, J, Creighton, T, Criswell, A, Croquette, M, Crowder, S, Cudell, J, Cullen, T, Cumming, A, Cummings, R, Cunningham, L, Cuoco, E, Curylo, M, Dabadie, P, Canton, T, Dall'Osso, S, Dalya, G, Dana, A, Daneshgaranbajastani, L, D'Angelo, B, Danilishin, S, D'Antonio, S, Danzmann, K, Darsow-Fromm, C, Dasgupta, A, Datrier, L, Datta, S, Dattilo, V, Dave, I, Davier, M, Davies, G, Davis, D, Davis, M, Daw, E, Dean, R, Debra, D, Deenadayalan, M, Degallaix, J, De Laurentis, M, Deleglise, S, Del Favero, V, De Lillo, F, De Lillo, N, Del Pozzo, W, Demarchi, L, De Matteis, F, D'Emilio, V, Demos, N, Dent, T, Depasse, A, De Pietri, R, De Rosa, R, De Rossi, C, Desalvo, R, De Simone, R, Dhurandhar, S, Diaz, M, Diaz-Ortiz, M, Didio, N, Dietrich, T, Di Fiore, L, Di Fronzo, C, Di Giorgio, C, Di Giovanni, F, Di Giovanni, M, Di Girolamo, T, Di Lieto, A, Ding, B, Di Pace, S, Di Palma, I, Di Renzo, F, Divakarla, A, Dmitriev, A, Doctor, Z, D'Onofrio, L, Donovan, F, Dooley, K, Doravari, S, Dorrington, I, Drago, M, Driggers, J, Drori, Y, Ducoin, J, Dupej, P, Durante, O, D'Urso, D, Duverne, P, Dwyer, S, Eassa, C, Easter, P, Ebersold, M, Eckhardt, T, Eddolls, G, Edelman, B, Edo, T, Edy, O, Effler, A, Eguchi, S, Eichholz, J, Eikenberry, S, Eisenmann, M, Eisenstein, R, Ejlli, A, Engelby, E, Enomoto, Y, Errico, L, Essick, R, Estelles, H, Estevez, D, Etienne, Z, Etzel, T, Evans, M, Evans, T, Ewing, B, Fafone, V, Fair, H, Fairhurst, S, Farah, A, Farinon, S, Farr, B, Farr, W, Farrow, N, Fauchon-Jones, E, Favaro, G, Favata, M, Fays, M, Fazio, M, Feicht, J, Fejer, M, Fenyvesi, E, Ferguson, D, Fernandez-Galiana, A, Ferrante, I, Ferreira, T, Fidecaro, F, Figura, P, Fiori, I, Fishbach, M, Fisher, R, Fittipaldi, R, Fiumara, V, Flaminio, R, Floden, E, Fong, H, Font, J, Fornal, B, Forsyth, P, Franke, A, Frasca, S, Frasconi, F, Frederick, C, Freed, J, Frei, Z, Freise, A, Frey, R, Fritschel, P, Frolov, V, Fronze, G, Fujii, Y, Fujikawa, Y, Fukunaga, M, Fukushima, M, Fulda, P, Fyffe, M, Gabbard, H, Gadre, B, Gair, J, Gais, J, Galaudage, S, Gamba, R, Ganapathy, D, Ganguly, A, Gao, D, Gaonkar, S, Garaventa, B, Garcia-Nunez, C, Garcia-Quiros, C, Garufi, F, Gateley, B, Gaudio, S, Gayathri, V, Ge, G, Gemme, G, Gennai, A, George, J, Gerberding, O, Gergely, L, Gewecke, P, Ghonge, S, Ghosh, A, Ghosh, S, Giacomazzo, B, Giacoppo, L, Giaime, J, Giardina, K, Gibson, D, Gier, C, Giesler, M, Giri, P, Gissi, F, Glanzer, J, Gleckl, A, Godwin, P, 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L., Nagano K., Nagano S., Nagar A., Nakamura K., Nakano H., Nakano M., Nakashima R., Nakayama Y., Napolano V., Nardecchia I., Narikawa T., Naticchioni L., Nayak B., Nayak R. K., Negishi R., Neil B. F., Neilson J., Nelemans G., Nelson T. J. N., Nery M., Neubauer P., Neunzert A., Ng K. Y., Ng S. W. S., Nguyen C., Nguyen P., Nguyen T., Quynh L. N., Ni W. -T., Nichols S. A., Nishizawa A., Nissanke S., Nitoglia E., Nocera F., Norman M., North C., Nozaki S., Nuttall L. K., Oberling J., O'Brien B. D., Obuchi Y., O'Dell J., Oelker E., Ogaki W., Oganesyan G., Oh J. J., Oh K., Oh S. H., Ohashi M., Ohishi N., Ohkawa M., Ohme F., Ohta H., Okada M. A., Okutani Y., Okutomi K., Olivetto C., Oohara K., Ooi C., Oram R., O'Reilly B., Ormiston R. G., Ormsby N. D., Ortega L. F., O'Shaughnessy R., O'Shea E., Oshino S., Ossokine S., Osthelder C., Otabe S., Ottaway D. J., Overmier H., Pace A. E., Pagano G., Page M. A., Pagliaroli G., Pai A., Pai S. A., Palamos J. R., Palashov O., Palomba C., Pan H., Pan K., Panda P. K., Pang H., Pang P. T. H., Pankow C., Pannarale F., Pant B. C., Panther F. H., Paoletti F., Paoli A., Paolone A., Parisi A., Park H., Park J., Parker W., Pascucci D., Pasqualetti A., Passaquieti R., Passuello D., Patel M., Pathak M., Patricelli B., Patron A. S., Patrone S., Paul S., Payne E., Pedraza M., Pegoraro M., Pele A., Arellano F. E. P., Penn S., Perego A., Pereira A., Pereira T., Perez C. J., Perigois C., Perkins C. C., Perreca A., Perries S., Petermann J., Petterson D., Pfeiffer H. P., Pham K. A., Phukon K. S., Piccinni O. J., Pichot M., Piendibene M., Piergiovanni F., Pierini L., Pierro V., Pillant G., Pillas M., Pilo F., Pinard L., Pinto I. M., Pinto M., Piotrzkowski K., Pirello M., Pitkin M. D., Placidi E., Planas L., Plastino W., Pluchar C., Poggiani R., Polini E., Pong D. Y. T., Ponrathnam S., Popolizio P., Porter E. K., Poulton R., Powell J., Pracchia M., Pradier T., Prajapati A. K., Prasai K., Prasanna R., Pratten G., Principe M., Prodi G. A., Prokhorov L., Prosposito P., Prudenzi L., Puecher A., Punturo M., Puosi F., Puppo P., Purrer M., Qi H., Quetschke V., Quitzow-James R., Raab F. J., Raaijmakers G., Radkins H., Radulesco N., Raffai P., Rail S. X., Raja S., Rajan C., Ramirez K. E., Ramirez T. D., Ramos-Buades A., Rana J., Rapagnani P., Rapol U. D., Ray A., Raymond V., Raza N., Razzano M., Read J., Rees L. A., Regimbau T., Rei L., Reid S., Reid S. W., Reitze D. H., Relton P., Renzini A., Rettegno P., Rezac M., Ricci F., Richards D., Richardson J. W., Richardson L., Riemenschneider G., Riles K., Rinaldi S., Rink K., Rizzo M., Robertson N. A., Robie R., Robinet F., Rocchi A., Rodriguez S., Rolland L., Rollins J. G., Romanelli M., Romano R., Romel C. L., Romero-Rodriguez A., Romero-Shaw I. M., Romie J. H., Ronchini S., Rosa L., Rose C. A., Rosinska D., Ross M. P., Rowan S., Rowlinson S. J., Roy S., Rozza D., Ruggi P., Ryan K., Sachdev S., Sadecki T., Sadiq J., Sago N., Saito S., Saito Y., Sakai K., Sakai Y., Sakellariadou M., Sakuno Y., Salafia O. S., Salconi L., Saleem M., Salemi F., Samajdar A., Sanchez E. J., Sanchez J. H., Sanchez L. E., Sanchis-Gual N., Sanders J. R., Sanuy A., Saravanan T. R., Sarin N., Sassolas B., Satari H., Sato S., Sato T., Sauter O., Savage R. L., Sawada T., Sawant D., Sawant H. L., Sayah S., Schaetzl D., Scheel M., Scheuer J., Schiworski M., Schmidt P., Schmidt S., Schnabel R., Schneewind M., Schofield R. M. S., Schonbeck A., Schulte B. W., Schutz B. F., Schwartz E., Scott J., Scott S. M., Seglar-Arroyo M., Sekiguchi T., Sekiguchi Y., Sellers D., Sengupta A. S., Sentenac D., Seo E. G., Sequino V., Sergeev A., Setyawati Y., Shaffer T., Shahriar M. S., Shams B., Shao L., Sharma A., Sharma P., Shawhan P., Shcheblanov N. S., Shibagaki S., Shikauchi M., Shimizu R., Shimoda T., Shimode K., Shinkai H., Shishido T., Shoda A., Shoemaker D. H., Shoemaker D. M., Shyamsundar S., Sieniawska M., Sigg D., Singer L. P., Singh D., Singh N., Singha A., Sintes A. M., Sipala V., Skliris V., Slagmolen B. J. J., Slaven-Blair T. J., Smetana J., Smith J. R., Smith R. J. E., Soldateschi J., Somala S. N., Somiya K., Son E. J., Soni K., Soni S., Sordini V., Sorrentino F., Sorrentino N., Sotani H., Soulard R., Souradeep T., Sowell E., Spagnuolo V., Spencer A. P., Spera M., Srinivasan R., Srivastava A. K., Srivastava V., Staats K., Stachie C., Steer D. A., Steinlechner J., Steinlechner S., Stops D. J., Stover M., Strain K. A., Strang L. C., Stratta G., Strunk A., Sturani R., Stuver A. L., Sudhagar S., Sudhir V., Sugimoto R., Suh H. G., Summerscales T. Z., Sun H., Sun L., Sunil S., Sur A., Suresh J., Sutton P. J., Suzuki T., Swinkels B. L., Szczepanczyk M. J., Szewczyk P., Tacca M., Tagoshi H., Tait S. C., Takahashi H., Takahashi R., Takamori A., Takano S., Takeda H., Takeda M., Talbot C. J., Talbot C., Tanaka H., Tanaka K., Tanaka T., Tanasijczuk A. J., Tanioka S., Tanner D. B., Tao D., Tao L., Martin E. N. T. S., Taranto C., Tasson J. D., Telada S., Tenorio R., Terhune J. E., Terkowski L., Thirugnanasambandam M. P., Thomas M., Thomas P., Thompson J. E., Thondapu S. R., Thorne K. A., Thrane E., Tiwari S., Tiwari V., Toivonen A. M., Toland K., Tolley A. E., Tomaru T., Tomigami Y., Tomura T., Tonelli M., Torres-Forne A., Torrie C. I., E Melo I. T., Toyra D., Trapananti A., Travasso F., Traylor G., Trevor M., Tringali M. C., Tripathee A., Troiano L., Trovato A., Trozzo L., Trudeau R. J., Tsai D. S., Tsai D., Tsang K. W., Tsang T., Tsao J. -S., Tse M., Tso R., Tsubono K., Tsuchida S., Tsukada L., Tsuna D., Tsutsui T., Tsuzuki T., Turbang K., Turconi M., Tuyenbayev D., Ubhi A. S., Uchikata N., Uchiyama T., Udall R. P., Ueda A., Uehara T., Ueno K., Ueshima G., Unnikrishnan C. S., Uraguchi F., Urban A. L., Ushiba T., Utina A., Vahlbruch H., Vajente G., Vajpeyi A., Valdes G., Valentini M., Valsan V., Van Bakel N., Van Beuzekom M., Van Den Brand J. F. J., Van Den Broeck C., Vander-Hyde D. C., Van Der Schaaf L., Van Heijningen J. V., Vanosky J., Van Putten M. H. P. M., Van Remortel N., Vardaro M., Vargas A. F., Varma V., Vasuth M., Vecchio A., Vedovato G., Veitch J., Veitch P. J., Venneberg J., Venugopalan G., Verkindt D., Verma P., Verma Y., Veske D., Vetrano F., Vicere A., Vidyant S., Viets A. D., Vijaykumar A., Villa-Ortega V., Vinet J. -Y., Virtuoso A., Vitale S., Vo T., Vocca H., Von Reis E. R. G., Von Wrangel J. S. A., Vorvick C., Vyatchanin S. P., Wade L. E., Wade M., Wagner K. J., Walet R. C., Walker M., Wallace G. S., Wallace L., Walsh S., Wang J., Wang J. Z., Wang W. H., Ward R. L., Warner J., Was M., Washimi T., Washington N. Y., Watchi J., Weaver B., Webster S. A., Weinert M., Weinstein A. J., Weiss R., Weller C. M., Wellmann F., Wen L., Wessels P., Wette K., Whelan J. T., White D. D., Whiting B. F., Whittle C., Wilken D., Williams D., Williams M. J., Williamson A. R., Willis J. L., Willke B., Wilson D. J., Winkler W., Wipf C. C., Wlodarczyk T., Woan G., Woehler J., Wofford J. K., Wong I. C. F., Wu C., Wu D. S., Wu H., Wu S., Wysocki D. M., Xiao L., Xu W. -R., Yamada T., Yamamoto H., Yamamoto K., Yamamoto T., Yamashita K., Yamazaki R., Yang F. W., Yang L., Yang Y., Yang Z., Yap M. J., Yeeles D. W., Yelikar A. B., Ying M., Yokogawa K., Yokoyama J., Yokozawa T., Yoo J., Yoshioka T., Yu H., Yuzurihara H., Zadrozny A., Zanolin M., Zeidler S., Zelenova T., Zendri J. -P., Zevin M., Zhan M., Zhang H., Zhang J., Zhang L., Zhang T., Zhang Y., Zhao C., Zhao G., Zhao Y., Zhou R., Zhou Z., Zhu X. J., Zhu Z. -H., Zimmerman A. B., Zucker M. E., and Zweizig J.
Abstract: This paper presents the results of a search for generic short-duration gravitational-wave transients in data from the third observing run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo. Transients with durations of milliseconds to a few seconds in the 24-4096 Hz frequency band are targeted by the search, with no assumptions made regarding the incoming signal direction, polarization, or morphology. Gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences that have been identified by other targeted analyses are detected, but no statistically significant evidence for other gravitational wave bursts is found. Sensitivities to a variety of signals are presented. These include updated upper limits on the source rate density as a function of the characteristic frequency of the signal, which are roughly an order of magnitude better than previous upper limits. This search is sensitive to sources radiating as little as ∼10-10 Mc2 in gravitational waves at ∼70 Hz from a distance of 10 kpc, with 50% detection efficiency at a false alarm rate of one per century. The sensitivity of this search to two plausible astrophysical sources is estimated: neutron star f modes, which may be excited by pulsar glitches, as well as selected core-collapse supernova models.
Published: 2021

339. The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect with SDSS DR15 galaxies ()

Author: Calafut, V, Gallardo, P, Vavagiakis, E, Amodeo, S, Aiola, S, Austermann, J, Battaglia, N, Battistelli, E, Beall, J, Bean, R, Bond, J, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Cothard, N, Devlin, M, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dunner, R, Ferraro, S, Guan, Y, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hlozek, R, Huber, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Li, Y, Lokken, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mcmahon, J, Moodley, K, Naess, S, Nati, F, Newburgh, L, Niemack, M, Page, L, Partridge, B, Schaan, E, Schillaci, A, Sifon, C, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Ullom, J, Vale, L, Van Engelen, A, Van Lanen, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Calafut V., Gallardo P. A., Vavagiakis E. M., Amodeo S., Aiola S., Austermann J. E., Battaglia N., Battistelli E. S., Beall J. A., Bean R., Bond J. R., Calabrese E., Choi S. K., Cothard N. F., Devlin M. J., Duell C. J., Duff S. M., Duivenvoorden A. J., Dunkley J., Dunner R., Ferraro S., Guan Y., Hill J. C., Hilton G. C., Hilton M., Hlozek R., Huber Z. B., Hubmayr J., Huffenberger K. M., Hughes J. P., Koopman B. J., Kosowsky A., Li Y., Lokken M., Madhavacheril M., McMahon J., Moodley K., Naess S., Nati F., Newburgh L. B., Niemack M. D., Page L. A., Partridge B., Schaan E., Schillaci A., Sifon C., Spergel D. N., Staggs S. T., Ullom J. N., Vale L. R., Van Engelen A., Van Lanen J., Wollack E. J., Xu Z., Calafut, V, Gallardo, P, Vavagiakis, E, Amodeo, S, Aiola, S, Austermann, J, Battaglia, N, Battistelli, E, Beall, J, Bean, R, Bond, J, Calabrese, E, Choi, S, Cothard, N, Devlin, M, Duell, C, Duff, S, Duivenvoorden, A, Dunkley, J, Dunner, R, Ferraro, S, Guan, Y, Hill, J, Hilton, G, Hilton, M, Hlozek, R, Huber, Z, Hubmayr, J, Huffenberger, K, Hughes, J, Koopman, B, Kosowsky, A, Li, Y, Lokken, M, Madhavacheril, M, Mcmahon, J, Moodley, K, Naess, S, Nati, F, Newburgh, L, Niemack, M, Page, L, Partridge, B, Schaan, E, Schillaci, A, Sifon, C, Spergel, D, Staggs, S, Ullom, J, Vale, L, Van Engelen, A, Van Lanen, J, Wollack, E, Xu, Z, Calafut V., Gallardo P. A., Vavagiakis E. M., Amodeo S., Aiola S., Austermann J. E., Battaglia N., Battistelli E. S., Beall J. A., Bean R., Bond J. R., Calabrese E., Choi S. K., Cothard N. F., Devlin M. J., Duell C. J., Duff S. M., Duivenvoorden A. J., Dunkley J., Dunner R., Ferraro S., Guan Y., Hill J. C., Hilton G. C., Hilton M., Hlozek R., Huber Z. B., Hubmayr J., Huffenberger K. M., Hughes J. P., Koopman B. J., Kosowsky A., Li Y., Lokken M., Madhavacheril M., McMahon J., Moodley K., Naess S., Nati F., Newburgh L. B., Niemack M. D., Page L. A., Partridge B., Schaan E., Schillaci A., Sifon C., Spergel D. N., Staggs S. T., Ullom J. N., Vale L. R., Van Engelen A., Van Lanen J., Wollack E. J., and Xu Z.
Abstract: We present a detection of the pairwise kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (kSZ) effect using Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and Planck CMB observations in combination with Luminous Red Galaxy samples from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) DR15 catalog. Results are obtained using three ACT CMB maps: co-added 150 and 98 GHz maps, combining observations from 2008-2018 (ACT DR5), which overlap with SDSS DR15 over 3,700 sq. deg., and a component-separated map using night-time only observations from 2014-2015 (ACT DR4), overlapping with SDSS DR15 over 2,089 sq. deg. Comparisons of the results from these three maps provide consistency checks in relation to potential frequency-dependent foreground contamination. A total of 343,647 galaxies are used as tracers to identify and locate galaxy groups and clusters from which the kSZ signal is extracted using aperture photometry. We consider the impact of various aperture photometry assumptions and covariance estimation methods on the signal extraction. Theoretical predictions of the pairwise velocities are used to obtain best-fit, mass-averaged, optical depth estimates for each of five luminosity-selected tracer samples. A comparison of the kSZ-derived optical depth measurements obtained here to those derived from the thermal SZ effect for the same sample is presented in a companion paper.
Published: 2021

340. Up-down instability of binary black holes in numerical relativity

Author: Varma, V, Mould, M, Gerosa, D, Scheel, M, Kidder, L, Pfeiffer, H, Varma V., Mould M., Gerosa D., Scheel M. A., Kidder L. E., Pfeiffer H. P., Varma, V, Mould, M, Gerosa, D, Scheel, M, Kidder, L, Pfeiffer, H, Varma V., Mould M., Gerosa D., Scheel M. A., Kidder L. E., and Pfeiffer H. P.
Abstract: Binary black holes with spins that are aligned with the orbital angular momentum do not precess. However, post-Newtonian calculations predict that "up-down"binaries, in which the spin of the heavier (lighter) black hole is aligned (antialigned) with the orbital angular momentum, are unstable when the spins are slightly perturbed from perfect alignment. This instability provides a possible mechanism for the formation of precessing binaries in environments where sources are preferentially formed with (anti)aligned spins. In this paper, we present the first full numerical relativity simulations capturing this instability. These simulations span ∼100 orbits and ∼3-5 precession cycles before merger, making them some of the longest numerical relativity simulations to date. Initialized with a small perturbation of 1°-10°, the instability causes a dramatic growth of the spin misalignments, which can reach ∼90° near merger. We show that this leaves a strong imprint on the subdominant modes of the gravitational wave signal, which can potentially be used to distinguish up-down binaries from other sources. Finally, we show that post-Newtonian and effective-one-body approximants are able to reproduce the unstable dynamics of up-down binaries extracted from numerical relativity.
Published: 2021

341. Novel technique for the study of pileup events in cryogenic bolometers

Author: Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Berge, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, R, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, F, De Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, De Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, T, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Helis, D, Huang, H, Huang, R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, V, Kolomensky, Y, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Milana, S, Misiak, D, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Navick, X, Nikkel, J, Nipoti, R, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Novosad, V, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olivieri, E, Oriol, C, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pari, P, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Poda, D, Polakovic, T, Polischuk, O, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Ressa, A, Rizzoli, R, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, J, Schmidt, B, Sharma, V, Shlegel, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Tellier, O, Tomei, C, Tretyak, V, Tsymbaliuk, A, Velazquez, M, Vetter, K, Wagaarachchi, S, Wang, G, Wang, L, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yan, L, Yang, J, Yefremenko, V, Yumatov, V, Zarytskyy, M, Zhang, J, Zolotarova, A, Zucchelli, S, Armatol A., Armengaud E., Armstrong W., Augier C., Avignone F. T., Azzolini O., Barabash A., Bari G., Barresi A., Baudin D., Bellini F., Benato G., Beretta M., Berge L., Biassoni M., Billard J., Boldrini V., Branca A., Brofferio C., Bucci C., Camilleri J., Capelli S., Cappelli L., Cardani L., Carniti P., Casali N., Cazes A., Celi E., Chang C., Chapellier M., Charrier A., Chiesa D., Clemenza M., Colantoni I., Collamati F., Copello S., Cremonesi O., Creswick R. J., Cruciani A., D'Addabbo A., D'Imperio G., Dafinei I., Danevich F. A., De Combarieu M., De Jesus M., De Marcillac P., Dell'Oro S., Di Domizio S., Dompe V., Drobizhev A., Dumoulin L., Fantini G., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ferri F., Ferroni F., Figueroa-Feliciano E., Formaggio J., Franceschi A., Fu C., Fu S., Fujikawa B. K., Gascon J., Giachero A., Gironi L., Giuliani A., Gorla P., Gotti C., Gras P., Gros M., Gutierrez T. D., Han K., Hansen E. V., Heeger K. M., Helis D. L., Huang H. Z., Huang R. G., Imbert L., Johnston J., Juillard A., Karapetrov G., Keppel G., Khalife H., Kobychev V. V., Kolomensky Y. G., Konovalov S., Liu Y., Loaiza P., Ma L., Madhukuttan M., Mancarella F., Mariam R., Marini L., Marnieros S., Martinez M., Maruyama R. H., Mauri B., Mayer D., Mei Y., Milana S., Misiak D., Napolitano T., Nastasi M., Navick X. F., Nikkel J., Nipoti R., Nisi S., Nones C., Norman E. B., Novosad V., Nutini I., O'Donnell T., Olivieri E., Oriol C., Ouellet J. L., Pagan S., Pagliarone C., Pagnanini L., Pari P., Pattavina L., Paul B., Pavan M., Peng H., Pessina G., Pettinacci V., Pira C., Pirro S., Poda D. V., Polakovic T., Polischuk O. G., Pozzi S., Previtali E., Puiu A., Ressa A., Rizzoli R., Rosenfeld C., Rusconi C., Sanglard V., Scarpaci J., Schmidt B., Sharma V., Shlegel V., Singh V., Sisti M., Speller D., Surukuchi P. T., Taffarello L., Tellier O., Tomei C., Tretyak V. I., Tsymbaliuk A., Velazquez M., Vetter K. J., Wagaarachchi S. L., Wang G., Wang L., Welliver B., Wilson J., Wilson K., Winslow L. A., Xue M., Yan L., Yang J., Yefremenko V., Yumatov V., Zarytskyy M. M., Zhang J., Zolotarova A., Zucchelli S., Armatol, A, Armengaud, E, Armstrong, W, Augier, C, Avignone, F, Azzolini, O, Barabash, A, Bari, G, Barresi, A, Baudin, D, Bellini, F, Benato, G, Beretta, M, Berge, L, Biassoni, M, Billard, J, Boldrini, V, Branca, A, Brofferio, C, Bucci, C, Camilleri, J, Capelli, S, Cappelli, L, Cardani, L, Carniti, P, Casali, N, Cazes, A, Celi, E, Chang, C, Chapellier, M, Charrier, A, Chiesa, D, Clemenza, M, Colantoni, I, Collamati, F, Copello, S, Cremonesi, O, Creswick, R, Cruciani, A, D'Addabbo, A, D'Imperio, G, Dafinei, I, Danevich, F, De Combarieu, M, De Jesus, M, De Marcillac, P, Dell'Oro, S, Di Domizio, S, Dompe, V, Drobizhev, A, Dumoulin, L, Fantini, G, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Ferri, F, Ferroni, F, Figueroa-Feliciano, E, Formaggio, J, Franceschi, A, Fu, C, Fu, S, Fujikawa, B, Gascon, J, Giachero, A, Gironi, L, Giuliani, A, Gorla, P, Gotti, C, Gras, P, Gros, M, Gutierrez, T, Han, K, Hansen, E, Heeger, K, Helis, D, Huang, H, Huang, R, Imbert, L, Johnston, J, Juillard, A, Karapetrov, G, Keppel, G, Khalife, H, Kobychev, V, Kolomensky, Y, Konovalov, S, Liu, Y, Loaiza, P, Ma, L, Madhukuttan, M, Mancarella, F, Mariam, R, Marini, L, Marnieros, S, Martinez, M, Maruyama, R, Mauri, B, Mayer, D, Mei, Y, Milana, S, Misiak, D, Napolitano, T, Nastasi, M, Navick, X, Nikkel, J, Nipoti, R, Nisi, S, Nones, C, Norman, E, Novosad, V, Nutini, I, O'Donnell, T, Olivieri, E, Oriol, C, Ouellet, J, Pagan, S, Pagliarone, C, Pagnanini, L, Pari, P, Pattavina, L, Paul, B, Pavan, M, Peng, H, Pessina, G, Pettinacci, V, Pira, C, Pirro, S, Poda, D, Polakovic, T, Polischuk, O, Pozzi, S, Previtali, E, Puiu, A, Ressa, A, Rizzoli, R, Rosenfeld, C, Rusconi, C, Sanglard, V, Scarpaci, J, Schmidt, B, Sharma, V, Shlegel, V, Singh, V, Sisti, M, Speller, D, Surukuchi, P, Taffarello, L, Tellier, O, Tomei, C, Tretyak, V, Tsymbaliuk, A, Velazquez, M, Vetter, K, Wagaarachchi, S, Wang, G, Wang, L, Welliver, B, Wilson, J, Wilson, K, Winslow, L, Xue, M, Yan, L, Yang, J, Yefremenko, V, Yumatov, V, Zarytskyy, M, Zhang, J, Zolotarova, A, Zucchelli, S, Armatol A., Armengaud E., Armstrong W., Augier C., Avignone F. T., Azzolini O., Barabash A., Bari G., Barresi A., Baudin D., Bellini F., Benato G., Beretta M., Berge L., Biassoni M., Billard J., Boldrini V., Branca A., Brofferio C., Bucci C., Camilleri J., Capelli S., Cappelli L., Cardani L., Carniti P., Casali N., Cazes A., Celi E., Chang C., Chapellier M., Charrier A., Chiesa D., Clemenza M., Colantoni I., Collamati F., Copello S., Cremonesi O., Creswick R. J., Cruciani A., D'Addabbo A., D'Imperio G., Dafinei I., Danevich F. A., De Combarieu M., De Jesus M., De Marcillac P., Dell'Oro S., Di Domizio S., Dompe V., Drobizhev A., Dumoulin L., Fantini G., Faverzani M., Ferri E., Ferri F., Ferroni F., Figueroa-Feliciano E., Formaggio J., Franceschi A., Fu C., Fu S., Fujikawa B. K., Gascon J., Giachero A., Gironi L., Giuliani A., Gorla P., Gotti C., Gras P., Gros M., Gutierrez T. D., Han K., Hansen E. V., Heeger K. M., Helis D. L., Huang H. Z., Huang R. G., Imbert L., Johnston J., Juillard A., Karapetrov G., Keppel G., Khalife H., Kobychev V. V., Kolomensky Y. G., Konovalov S., Liu Y., Loaiza P., Ma L., Madhukuttan M., Mancarella F., Mariam R., Marini L., Marnieros S., Martinez M., Maruyama R. H., Mauri B., Mayer D., Mei Y., Milana S., Misiak D., Napolitano T., Nastasi M., Navick X. F., Nikkel J., Nipoti R., Nisi S., Nones C., Norman E. B., Novosad V., Nutini I., O'Donnell T., Olivieri E., Oriol C., Ouellet J. L., Pagan S., Pagliarone C., Pagnanini L., Pari P., Pattavina L., Paul B., Pavan M., Peng H., Pessina G., Pettinacci V., Pira C., Pirro S., Poda D. V., Polakovic T., Polischuk O. G., Pozzi S., Previtali E., Puiu A., Ressa A., Rizzoli R., Rosenfeld C., Rusconi C., Sanglard V., Scarpaci J., Schmidt B., Sharma V., Shlegel V., Singh V., Sisti M., Speller D., Surukuchi P. T., Taffarello L., Tellier O., Tomei C., Tretyak V. I., Tsymbaliuk A., Velazquez M., Vetter K. J., Wagaarachchi S. L., Wang G., Wang L., Welliver B., Wilson J., Wilson K., Winslow L. A., Xue M., Yan L., Yang J., Yefremenko V., Yumatov V., Zarytskyy M. M., Zhang J., Zolotarova A., and Zucchelli S.
Abstract: Precise characterization of detector time resolution is of crucial importance for next-generation cryogenic-bolometer experiments searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay, such as CUPID, in order to reject background due to pileup of two-neutrino double-beta decay events. In this paper, we describe a technique developed to study the pileup rejection capability of cryogenic bolometers. Our approach, which consists of producing controlled pileup events with a programmable wave-form generator, has the benefit that we can reliably and reproducibly control the time separation and relative energy of the individual components of the generated pileup events. The resulting data allow us to optimize and benchmark analysis strategies to discriminate between individual and pileup pulses. We describe a test of this technique performed with a small array of detectors at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, in Italy; we obtain a 90% rejection efficiency against pulser-generated pileup events with rise time of ∼15ms down to time separation between the individual events of about 2ms.
Published: 2021

342. Quantum variational optimization: The role of entanglement and problem hardness

Author: Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC-UC - Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Red Española de Supercomputación, Díez-Valle, Pablo, Porras, Diego, García-Ripoll, Juan José, Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Universidad de Cantabria, CSIC-UC - Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Red Española de Supercomputación, Díez-Valle, Pablo, Porras, Diego, and García-Ripoll, Juan José
Abstract: Quantum variational optimization has been posed as an alternative to solve optimization problems faster and at a larger scale than what classical methods allow. In this paper we study systematically the role of entanglement, the structure of the variational quantum circuit, and the structure of the optimization problem, in the success and efficiency of these algorithms. For this purpose, our study focuses on the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm, as applied to quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems on random graphs with tunable density. Our numerical results indicate an advantage in adapting the distribution of entangling gates to the problem's topology, specially for problems defined on low-dimensional graphs. Furthermore, we find evidence that applying conditional value at risk type cost functions improves the optimization, increasing the probability of overlap with the optimal solutions. However, these techniques also improve the performance of Ansätze based on product states (no entanglement), suggesting that a new classical optimization method based on these could outperform existing NISQ architectures in certain regimes. Finally, our study also reveals a correlation between the hardness of a problem and the Hamming distance between the ground- and first-excited state, an idea that can be used to engineer benchmarks and understand the performance bottlenecks of optimization methods.
Published: 2021

343. Positron scattering from pyrazine

Author: Australian Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Edwards, D., Stevens, D., Cheong, Z., Graves, V., Gorfinkiel, J.D., Blanco, F., García, Gustavo, Brunger, M.J., White, R.D., Sullivan, J.P., Australian Research Council, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (UK), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Edwards, D., Stevens, D., Cheong, Z., Graves, V., Gorfinkiel, J.D., Blanco, F., García, Gustavo, Brunger, M.J., White, R.D., and Sullivan, J.P.
Abstract: The present paper provides a joint experimental and theoretical study of positron scattering from pyrazine. Experimental data were measured employing a low-energy positron beamline, and covered an energy range from 1 to 79 eV. Cross sections were measured for total scattering, total elastic scattering, positronium formation, direct ionization, and the sum of the total discrete electronic-state excitation processes. In addition, measured total electronic excitation cross sections for the individual 11B3u, 11B2u, 11B1u, and 21B2u states are also reported. Finally, experimental elastic differential cross sections (DCSs), here in the energy range 1-20 eV, are also presented. Results from two theoretical approaches are given: the R-matrix approach and the independent atom method with screening corrected additivity rule and interference terms. Where a comparison between our experimental and theoretical results could be made, the level of accord varied from being quite good to marginal depending on the actual scattering process under consideration. Last, a comparison between the present elastic DCS results and those from our earlier study on positron scattering from pyrimidine [Palihawadana, Phys. Rev. A 88, 012717 (2013)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.88.012717] showed a somewhat unexpected level of agreement.
Published: 2021

344. Power corrections and gradient expansion in QED transport theory

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Carignano, Stefano, Manuel, Cristina, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Carignano, Stefano, and Manuel, Cristina
Abstract: The hard thermal loop (HTL) effective field theory of QED can be derived from the classical limit of transport theory, corresponding to the leading term in a gradient expansion of the quantum approach. In this paper, we show that power corrections to the HTL effective Lagrangian of QED can also be obtained from transport theory by including higher orders in such gradient expansion. The gradient expansion is increasingly infrared (IR) divergent, but the correction that we compute is IR finite. We employ dimensional regularization, and show that this result comes after a cancellation of divergencies between the vacuum and medium contributions. While the transport framework is an effective field theory of the long distance physics of the plasma, we show that it correctly reproduces the correct QED ultraviolet divergencies associated with the photon wave function renormalization.
Published: 2021

345. Master functions and equations for perturbations of vacuum spherically symmetric spacetimes

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Lenzi, Michele, Sopuerta, Carlos F., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Generalitat de Catalunya, Lenzi, Michele, and Sopuerta, Carlos F.
Abstract: Perturbation theory of vacuum spherically symmetric spacetimes is a crucial tool for understanding the dynamics of black hole perturbations. Spherical symmetry allows for an expansion of the perturbations in scalar, vector, and tensor harmonics. The resulting perturbative equations are decoupled for modes with different parity and different harmonic numbers. Moreover, for each harmonic and parity, the equations for the perturbations can be decoupled in terms of (gauge-invariant) master functions that satisfy wave equations. By working in a completely general perturbative gauge, in this paper we study what is the most general master function that is linear in the metric perturbations and their first-order derivatives and satisfies a wave equation with a potential. The outcome of the study is that for each parity we have two branches of solutions with similar features. One of the branches includes the known results: In the odd-parity case, the most general master function is an arbitrary linear combination of the Regge-Wheeler and the Cunningham-Price-Moncrief master functions whereas in the even-parity case it is an arbitrary linear combination of the Zerilli master function and another master function that is new to our knowledge. The other branch is very different since it includes an infinite collection of potentials which in turn lead to an independent collection master of functions which depend on the potential. The allowed potentials satisfy a nonlinear ordinary differential equation. Finally, all the allowed master functions are gauge invariant and can be written in a fully covariant form.
Published: 2021

346. Nonoscillating vacuum states and the quantum homogeneity and isotropy hypothesis in loop quantum cosmology

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Navascués, Beatriz Elizaga, Mena Marugán, Guillermo A., Prado, Santiago, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Navascués, Beatriz Elizaga, Mena Marugán, Guillermo A., and Prado, Santiago
Abstract: We study the compatibility of the quantum homogeneitiy and isotropy hypothesis (QHIH), proposed by Ashtekar and Gupt to restrict the choice of vacuum state for the cosmological perturbations in loop quantum cosmology (LQC), with the requirement that the selected vacuum should lead to a power spectrum that does not oscillate. We inspect in close detail the procedure that these authors followed to construct a set of states satisfying the QHIH, and how a preferred vacuum can be determined within this set. We find a step that is not univocally specified in this procedure, in relation with the replacement of the set of states that was originally allowed by the QHIH with an alternative set that is more manageable. In fact, the first of these sets does not contain the state that has been used in most of the implementations of the QHIH to the analysis of the power spectrum of the perturbations in LQC. We focus our attention on the original set picked out by the QHIH and investigate whether some of its elements may display a nonoscillatory behavior. We show that, to the extent to which the techniques used in this paper apply, this possibility is feasible. Thus, the two aforementioned criteria for the physical restriction of the vacuum state in LQC are compatible with each other and not exclusive.
Published: 2021

347. Time-dependent forces between a swift electron and a small nanoparticle within the dipole approximation

Author: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Castrejón-Figueroa, J., Castellanos-Reyes, J. Á., Maciel-Escudero, Carlos, Reyes-Coronado, Alejandro, Barrera, Rubén G., Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (México), Castrejón-Figueroa, J., Castellanos-Reyes, J. Á., Maciel-Escudero, Carlos, Reyes-Coronado, Alejandro, and Barrera, Rubén G.
Abstract: In this paper we calculate the time-dependent forces between a swift electron traveling at constant velocity and a metallic nanoparticle made of either aluminum or gold. We consider that the nanoparticle responds as an electric point dipole and we use classical electrodynamics to calculate the force on both the nanoparticle and the electron. The values for the velocity of the electron and the radius of the nanoparticle were chosen in accordance with electron microscopy observations, and the impact parameter was selected to fulfill the constraints imposed by the dipole approximation. We find that there are times when the force on the nanoparticle is attractive and others when it is repulsive, and show that this is due to the delayed electromagnetic response of the nanoparticle. To establish the limits of validity of our approach, we calculate the total linear momentum transfer to the nanoparticle, and compare it with results obtained, in frequency space, using the full multipole expansion of the fields induced on the nanoparticle, considering the effects of electromagnetic radiation.
Published: 2021

348. Spectral properties of Andreev crystals

Author: Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Universidad del País Vasco, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Rouco, Mikel, Bergeret, F. S., Tokatly, I. V., Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), European Commission, Universidad del País Vasco, Eusko Jaurlaritza, Rouco, Mikel, Bergeret, F. S., and Tokatly, I. V.
Abstract: We present an exhaustive study of Andreev crystals (ACs)—quasi-one-dimensional superconducting wires with a periodic distribution of magnetic regions. The exchange field in these regions is assumed to be much smaller than the Fermi energy. Hence, the transport through the magnetic region can be described within the quasiclassical approximation. In the first part of the paper, by assuming that the separation between the magnetic regions is larger than the coherence length, we derive the effective nearest-neighbor tight-binding equations for ACs with a helical magnetic configuration. The spectrum within the gap of the host superconductor shows a pair of energy-symmetric bands. By increasing the strength of the magnetic impurities in ferromagnetic ACs, these bands cross without interacting. However, in any other helical configuration, there is a value of the magnetic strength at which the bands touch each other, forming a Dirac point. Further increase of the magnetic strength leads to a system with an inverted gap. We study junctions between ACs with inverted spectrum and show that junctions between (anti)ferromagnetic ACs (always) never exhibit bound states at the interface. In the second part, we extend our analysis beyond the nearest-neighbor approximation by solving the Eilenberger equation for infinite ACs and junctions between semi-infinite ACs with collinear magnetization. From the obtained quasiclassical Green functions, we compute the local density of states and the local spin polarization in anti- and ferromagnetic ACs. We show that these junctions may exhibit bound states at the interface and fractionalization of the surface spin polarization.
Published: 2021

349. Design and implementation of the ABRACADABRA-10 cm axion dark matter search

Author: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Ouellet, Jonathan L., Salemi, Chiara P., Foster, Joshua W., Henning, Reyco, Bogorad, Zachary, Conrad, Janet M., Formaggio, Joseph A., Kahn, Yonatan, Minervini, Joe, Radovinsky, Alexey, Rodd, Nicholas L., Safdi, Benjamin R., Thaler, Jesse, Winklehner, Daniel, Winslow, Lindley, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Ouellet, Jonathan L., Salemi, Chiara P., Foster, Joshua W., Henning, Reyco, Bogorad, Zachary, Conrad, Janet M., Formaggio, Joseph A., Kahn, Yonatan, Minervini, Joe, Radovinsky, Alexey, Rodd, Nicholas L., Safdi, Benjamin R., Thaler, Jesse, Winklehner, Daniel, and Winslow, Lindley
Abstract: The past few years have seen a renewed interest in the search for light particle dark matter. ABRACADABRA is a new experimental program to search for axion dark matter over a broad range of masses, 10^{-12}≲m_{a}≲10^{-6} eV. ABRACADABRA-10 cm is a small-scale prototype for a future detector that could be sensitive to QCD axion couplings. In this paper, we present the details of the design, construction, and data analysis for the first axion dark matter search with the ABRACADABRA-10 cm detector. We include a detailed discussion of the statistical techniques used to extract the limit from the first result with an emphasis on creating a robust statistical footing for interpreting those limits.
Published: 2021

350. a-attractors in quintessential inflation motivated by supergravity

Author: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. EDP - Equacions en Derivades Parcials i Aplicacions, Aresté Saló, Llibert, Benistry, David, Guendelman, Eduardo I., Haro Cases, Jaume, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Matemàtiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. EDP - Equacions en Derivades Parcials i Aplicacions, Aresté Saló, Llibert, Benistry, David, Guendelman, Eduardo I., and Haro Cases, Jaume
Abstract: An exponential kind of quintessential inflation potential motivated by supergravity is studied. This type belongs to the class of a-attractor models. The model was studied for the first time by Dimopoulos and Owen in [J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys. 06 (2017) 027], in which the authors introduced a negative cosmological constant in order to ensure a zero-vacuum energy density at late times. However, in this paper, we disregard this cosmological constant, showing that the obtained results are very close to the ones obtained recently in the context of Lorentzian quintessential inflation and thus depicting with great accuracy the early- and late-time acceleration of our Universe. The model is compatible with the recent observations. Finally, we review the treatment of the a-attractor and we show that our potential depicts the late time cosmic acceleration with an effective equation of state equal to -1, The investigation of J. d. H. has been supported byMINECO (Spain) Grant No.MTM2017-84214- C2-1-P and in part by the Catalan Government Grant NO. 2017-SGR-247, Peer Reviewed, Postprint (published version)
Published: 2021

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