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【Objective】The present paper aimed to investigate the important role of NAC gene in the growth and development of Cinnamomum camphora and its role in salt stress, and to clarify the response mechanism of C. camphora under salt stress. 【Method】The genome-wide NAC genes of C. camphora were identified and analyzed by bioinformatics to investigate the mode of response to abiotic stress in C. camphora. By identifying the members of NAC family of C. camphora,the paper aonducteda systematic analysis in terms of physicochemical properties, phylogenetic analysis, conserved motifs and gene structures, chromosomal localization and inter-species covariance, cis-acting element prediction and expression patterns.【Result】A total of 103 CcNAC genes were identified, the amino acid counts ranged from 137 to 1136, the isoelectric points from 4.54 to 10.00, the relative molecular masses from 15 644.40 to 129 859.29 u, and the mean hydrophobicity of all proteins was negative, indicating hydrophilicity. Subcellular localization was predicted to be in the nucleus and cytoplasm. A phylogenetic evolutionary tree was constructed with Arabidopsis thaliana NAC gene sequences, which classified CcNAC genes into 16 subfamilies. The NAM subfamily had the most members, with 17 CcNAC genes, while 25 CcNAC genes were not included. Conservative motif and gene structure analysis revealed that CcNAC genes were found to contain 2-8 introns and 10 motifs. Among these, motif3 appeared to be particularly stable in the genetic evolution of C. camphora genes, while motif9 and motif10 were distributed across the NAM subfamily. Chromosome localization and replication event analysis revealed that 103 genes were distributed across 12 chromosomes, with the highest number of genes（13） found in CcNAC genes distributed across chromosomes Chr02, with the lowest number of genes found on Chr10 and Chr11, which contained two genes each; Fragment duplication was the main mode of amplification for the CcNAC family. Multi-species co-linkage analysis revealed that CcNAC genes formed 162 pairs of co-linkage genes with CcNAC genes, indicating a closer relationship than with other species. The CcNAC genes were more closely related to the CcNAC genes and to those of other species than to any other. The CcNAC gene promoters contained several abiotic stress, growth and development, and hormone response elements. The results of the qRT-PCR showed that in leaves, the expression levels of the CcNAC058 and CcNAC092 genes were maximised under low salt stress. In roots, the expression of CcNAC007, CcNAC033, CcNAC058 and CcNAC092 genes increased with increasing salt concentration.【Conclusion】The NAC gene family may be involved in the process of salt stress response during the growth and development of C. camphora. The CcNAC092 and CcNAC058 genes exhibite significant responses in both leaves and roots under salt stress. It is hypothesised that CcNAC058 and CcNAC092 are the key genes contributing to the ability of the CcNAC to produce self-defensive behaviours under salt stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to prevent the waste of straw resources and solve the problem of straw degradation, the degra dation efficiency of straw under the condition of microbial degradation was explored. [Method] Through enrichment and acclimation culture, strains with degradability were screened from decomposed straw compost, and a composite strain ZM-10 with degradability was constructed. The phylogenetic status was determined by 16S rDNA sequencing. Based on the change of enzyme activity (FPA) of filter paper produced by liquid shake bottle fermentation, a single factor experiment was set up to optimize the conditions of cellulase production and solid bactericide fermentation of composite strain ZM-10, and the fermentation bactericide with the best degradation efficiency was prepared for the pot experi- ment of Chinese cabbage. [Result] The strains forming the complex strain ZM-10 were Citrobacter cronae, Bacillus velezensis, Pseudomonas taiwanensis, Myroides odoratus, Klebsiella sp. The optimal fermentation conditions for the composite strain ZM-10 were as follows: The medium formula was 4.00 g corn stalk powder, 2.67 g wheat bran, 2.67 g peanut chip powder, 2.67 g soybean meal, 0.3% lactose, 0.3% peptone the inoculation volume was 24%, the drying temperature was 60 °C, and the fermentation time was 6 days. The best carrier for solid bacteri- cide was biochar, and the optimal loading capacity of biochar (g):complex hacterial solution (mL) was 1:1.375. The pot experiment showed that the plant height, leaf area, root to shoot ratio, Ve content and soluble solid content of Chinese cabbage were all higher than those of the control group. [Conclusion] This experiment successfully constructs a composite strain ZM-10 and bactericide which can degrade straw effi- ciently, and verify the positive effects of bactericide on the growth and development of Chinese cabbage, which provide a new idea for solving the waste of straw resources and crop production efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to understand the diversity of Bombyx batryticatus pathogen in different silkworm areas and the difference in pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana strains from different sources to silkworm in Yunnan province. (Method) Pathogens were isolated and purified from silkworm samples collected from 9 counties (cities) in Yunnan provincial silkworm rearing areas. The pathogenic species were identified by observing the morphological characteristics and sporulation structure of the strains, combined with the phylogenetic analysis based on ribosomal rDNA-ITS sequences. Furthermore, the effects of B. bassiana from different geographical sources and different spore concentrations on pathogenicity were also determined and analyzed. [Result] The pathogens of muscardine disease in Yunnan silkworm areas belonged to the genera Beauveria, Metarhizium and Cordyceps, among which B. bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi were the main pathogens, accounting for 57.58% and 30.30% respectively. There were certain differences in the pathogenicity of B. bassiana strains from different geographical sources to silkworm larvae. The batryicated silkworm rate of the tested strains was from 72.5% to 95.0%, and the halflethal time (LT50) was between 5.093 and 7. 133 days. Among them, the LL1-1 strain had the highest batryticated silkworm rate (95. 0%), the shortest half-lethal time (5.093 days), and showed the strongest pathogenicity. In contrast, the CB1-2 strain had the lowest batryicated silkworm rate (75.0%), the longest half-lethal time (7.133 days), and showed the weakest pathogenicity. Moreover, with the increase in the concentration of inoculation pathogen, its pathogenicity became stronger, and the batryicated silkworm rate also increased. [Conclusion] The pathogenic species of silkworm muscardine disease in Yunnan province are diverse. B. bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi are the main pathogens, and the pathogenicity of B. bassiana strains from different sources to silkworm are different. The results of the study can provide a reference for the control of muscardine disease and the production of batryticated silkworm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to isolate and identify the Exosomes (Exos) of macrophages infected with Listeria monocytogenes (LM) in monocyte proliferation mice, and analyze their miRNA expression profile, laying a solid research foundation for revealing the regulatory mechanism of macrophage Exos miRNA in LM infection. [Method] Macrophages infected with LM were used as the experimental group, while macrophages not infected with LM were used as the control group. Exos in the supernatant of macrophages were isolated and extracted using ultracentrifugation. The morphology, size and surface marker characteristics of Exos were identified by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking technology and Western blot. Small RNA-seq sequencing of miRNA in macrophage Exos from the two groups was performed using the Illumina SE50 sequencing platform to screen for significantly differentially expressed miRNA. Targetscan, miRDB and miRWalk databases were used to predict the target genes of differentially expressed miRNA. GO and KEGG-Pathway functional enrichment analysis were conducted on the different miRNA target genes. The miRNA-mRNA regulatory network diagram of the top 20 Hub genes was drawn using Cytoscape software. [Result] The diameter of Exos ranged from 30 to 150 nm, with a typical double-layer membrane structure, and the surface marker molecules CD9, CD63 and TSG101 were positively expressed. High-throughput sequencing results showed that compared to the control group, 9 significantly differentially expressed miRNA were screened in the experimental group Exos, including 8 significantly down-regulated genes (mmu-miR-7a-5p, mmu-miR-365-2-5p, г u-miR-365-2-5p, mmu-miR-122-5p, mmu-miR-122b-3p, mmu-let-7i-5p, mmu-miR151-3p, mmu-miR-182-5p and mmu-miR-1198-5p) and 1 significantly up-regulated gene (mmu-miR-192-5p), with a total of 1064 predicted miRNA-regulated target genes. GO enrichment analysis results showed that the different miRNA target genes were mainly enriched in processes such as axon formation, cell junction assembly, actin binding and metal ion transmembrane transport; KEGG analysis showed that the target genes were significantly enriched in the cGMP-PKG signaling pathway and the FeyR-mediated phagocytosis pathway. [Conclusion] The miRNA expression profile of macrophage Exos in mice infected with LM underwent significant changes, and the potential target genes regulated by them were mainly involved in signaling pathways related to infection and immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to reveal the community structure and species diversity of soil bacteria in different habitats of the Sichuan section of Zoige National Natural Park. [Method] The study employed high-throughput sequencing technology to study the diversity and community structure of soil bacteria in the soils from five different habitats (subalpine meadow soil, cinnamon soils, bog soils, aeolian soils and meadow soils) in the Sichuan section of Zoige National Park and discussed the relationship between soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure. [Result] (i) The taxonomic analysis of soil bacteria revealed the identification of 36 phyla, with the dominant bacteria encompassing Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi. (ii) In a-diversity analysis, subalpine meadow soils (YGS) showed the highest Chaol, Observed Species, Shannon and Simpson index, indicating the highest bacterial community richness and diversity in soil. (iii) In ẞ-diversity analysis, the high overlap among cinnamon soils (HT), bog soils (ZZT), YGS and aeolian soils (ST) suggested a similar composition of bacterial communities among these four soil types in the region, while meadow soils (CD) bacteria community showed significant differences (P<0.05). (iv) In RDA redundancy analysis of different habitats, Actinobacteriota showed a positive correlation with soil pH; Proteobacteria showed a positive correlation with soil pH and total potassium (TK); Firmicutes showed significant positive correlations with soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and moisture content (MC). [Conclusion] The research results reveal that the differences in the composition and diversity of soil bacterial communities in different habitats of the Sichuan section of Zoige National Natural Park, as well as the strong correlation of these differences with environmental factors. The finding not only contributes to a deeper understanding of soil microbial ecology but also provides a scientific basis for the management of soil ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective) The present paper aimed to clarify the diversity, distribution, and occurrence dynamics of the main pest communities in pure plantations of Melaleuca leucadendron and its mixed plantations with Eucalyptus plantations and Podocarpus macrophyllus in Guangxi, providing a basis for the cultivation of M. leucadendron and green non-pollution pest control. (Method In 2023, the planting areas of M. leucadendron in Qinzhou, Guangxi were investigated, mainly through route surveys and standard plot surveys, supplemented by fixed-point monitoring, regular surveys and indoor rearing observations. The study focused on the composition, diversity and occurrence dynamics of the main pest communities in M. leucadendron and its mixed plantations. (Result) There were 28 species of main pests belonging to 22 families in M. leucadendron plantations, including Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, Orthoptera, Dermaptera and Thysanoptera, with the highest numbers of pests in the Lepidoptera and Hemiptera. Higher numbers were found in M. leucadendron Eucalyptus mixed plantations, with significant damage to leaves by Euricania ocellus, Bombotelia sp., Strepsicrates coriariae, Jankowskia fuscaria and Hyalopterus arundimis. Among the three types of stands, B. jocosatrix caused the most severe damage in the mixed plantations, the highest number of pest species was found in the mixed forests of M. leucadendron P. macrophyllus and the pest diversity was the lowest in the pure stands. The pest occurrence dynamics were more stable and the damage was less severe in the M. leucadendron x P. macrophyllus mixed plantations. There were differences in the abundance of pests and Chaol index among different stand types, with the M. leucadendron Eucalyptus mixed plantations having a higher pest abundance and Chaol index. The occurrence dynamics of B. jocosatrix and M. phaseoli varied among different stands, with the earliest outbreaks of B. jocosatrix in the M. leucadendron Eucalyptus mixed plantations and M. phaseoli in the pure M. leucadendron stands. (Conclusion】 Mixed plantations of M. leucadendron with different species can help improve pest occurrence and diversity, with the M. leucadendron x P. macrophyllus mixed plantations reducing the occurrence of major pests among the three stand types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the role of AcinJHBP gene in the growth, development and diapause of Apocheima cinerarius. [Method] Based on the transcriptome data (non-diapause pupa/diapause pupa and diapause pupa/diapause depupa), JHBP gene was cloned and named as AcinJHBP (GenBank entry number: OR860357). The sequence and physicochemical properties of AcinJHBP gene were analyzed by bioinformatics software. The temporal and spatial expression of Acin JHBP (different developmental stages and tissues) was detected by qPCR. [Result] The complete CDS sequence of Acin JHBP gene of A. cinerarius was 726 bp, encoding 241 amino acids, the predicted molecular weight of protein was 26.97 kDa, and the predicted isoelectric point was 5. 13. The predicted molecular formula of Acin JHBP gene was C121 H1915 N313 0364 S9, the total charge of negative charge residues (Asp + Glu) was 34, the total charge of positive charge residues (Arg + Lys) was 26, the half-life and aliphatic index were 30 hours and 97.51, respectively. The average hydrophilicity of the protein was 0.098, and the predicted instability coefficient was 27. 13. Therefore, the protein was a hydrophilic stable protein, and the N-terminal amino acid was methionine (Met, M). AcinJHBP contained a signal peptide of 17 amino acid residues at the N-terminus, but had no transmembrane region. Phosphoric acid sites were found in serine, threonine and tyrosine phosphate sites were 9,6 and 3, respectively, and no glycosylation sites were found. Subcellular localization results showed that it was mainly located outside the cell. Phylogenetic analysis showed that AcinJHBP had the closest relationship with the hemolymph juvenile hormone binding protein JHBP of Operophtera brumata. The results of gene expression showed that the expression of Acin JHBP was lower at different developmental stages (except the 3rd instar larvae), and there was no significant difference between the egg and the 5th instar larvae (P>0.05), for all that the expression of Acin JHBP showed a decreasing trend in non-diapause pupa-adult stage. In different tissues, the expression of AcinJHBP gene was the highest in the male head of A. cinerarius. [Conclusion] Acin JHBP gene is closely related to the growth, development and diapause of A. cinerarius. The results lay a theoretical foundation for further revealing the function of the gene in the summer and winter diapause of the pupae in A. cinerarius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to improve the efficiency of mycorrhizal synthesis between Lactarius deliciosus-Pinus spp. and to screen potential mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHB) from the soil at the stipe base of Lactarius sp.. [Method] Bacterial strains were isolated from the soil at the stipe base of Lactarius sp.. Extracellular metabolites of the purified bacteria were obtained from the centrifuged liquid culture. L. deliciosus was inoculated on the PDA with different concentrations of extracellular metabolites and the ordinary PDA. The diameter and density of the mycelium after 30 days of inoculation at 25 °C were detected. Additionally, the potential MHB was identified based on morphological characteristics and 16S rDNA sequences. [Result] Three strains, L1, 12 and 13, were proved to be potential MΗΒ. When extracellular metabolites of L1, L2 and 13 were added at 2.5%, they could promote the mycelium growth significantly (the colony diameter increased by 33.6%, 55.6% and 75.4%, respectively). When the extracellular metabolites of three strains were mixed in different combinations, at a mixture addition of 5.0%, the combinations L1-13 and L1-12-13 increased the mycelial diameter by 36.9% and 42. 5%, respectively. The extracellular metabolites of 13 increased the mycelium density of L. deliciosus when it was added at 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5%, and the best effect was observed at 7.5%. The combinations of L1-13 and L1-12-13 also improved the mycelium density. Based on morphological characteristic and analysis of 16S rDNA gene sequences, L1, L2 and L3 were identified as Bacillus altitudinsis, B. cereus and B. zanthoxyli, respectively. [Conclusion] B. altitudinsis, B. cereus and B. zanthoxyli are proved to be potential mycorrhizal helper bacteria, and the best potential MHB is B. zanthoxyli in the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to explore the interaction between rhizosphere soil fungi and different tobacco varieties, and reveal significant differences in species among different varieties of diseased rhizosphere soil fungi, as to provide reference for the study of resistance mechanism of tobacco varieties and biological pest control. [Method] Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and diversity of fungal community in rhizosphere soil of diseased plants of 8 tobacco varieties in Yunnan province, [Result] The OTU abundance of fungi in diseased rhizosphere soil of different varieties ranged from 822 to 1126. There were significant differences in the diversity and richness index of rhizosphere soil fungi among different varieties, and varieties K326, Yun 105, Yun 87 and Yun 99 were significantly higher than other varieties. At phylum level, the dominant fungi in the diseased thizusphere soil of each variety were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota. At the genus level, Microidium, Fusarium, Humicola, Mortierella and Alternaria were the dominant genera in each treatment group. The significant difference analysis of LEFSe showed that Humicola, Candida, Plectosphaerella, Alternaria, Papulaspora, Fusarium, Boeremia, Mortierella, Gibberella were the important significantly different species in the diseased rhizosphere soil of different varieties. [Conclusion] There are significant differences in fungal community structure and diversity in rhizosphere soil of different varieties, and the distribution of significantly different species is related to the resistance of varieties. Among the varieties with high resistance to black shank disease (Yun 97, K326, Yun 100 and Yun 87), beneficial bacteria are mainly present, while in susceptible and moderately resistant varieties (Hongda, Yun 105, Yun 116 and Yun 99), harmful bacterial groups such as pathogenic bacteria are clustered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the spatial-temporal agglomeration changes and driving factors of three major oil crops in China from 2000 to 2020, namely soybean, peanut and rape, so as to provide reference for optimizing the production layout of edible oil crops. [Method] The spatiotemporal agglomeration evolution characteristics and driving factors of soybean, peanut and rape production were analyzed by using the gravity shift model, exploratory spatial data analysis, spatiotemporal geographical weighted regression model and other methods. [Result] (i) The yield of soybean was the highest, followed by peanut, and the yield of rape was the lowest. The yield of soybeans showed a significant fluctuation increase, while the yield of rapeseed and peanut showed a slight fluctuation increase. Soybean production was mainly distributed in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Henan and Anhui. Peanut production was mainly distributed in Shandong, Henan and Guangdong. Rape production was mainly distributed in Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan. (ii) From 2000 to 2020, the yield agglomeration degree of three oil crops showed a weakening trend, and the high-high accumulation areas of soybean yield were in Heilongjiang and Jilin, and the low-low accumulation area was in Xinjiang; The high-high accumulation areas of peanut yield were in Shandong, Henan and Anhui, and the low-low accumulation area was in Xinjiang; The high-high accumulation areas of rape yield were in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangxi, and the low-low accumulation area was in Inner Mongolia. The production center of soybean moved to the northwest from Tanghai county in Hebei province to Ningcheng county in Inner Mongolia. The production center of peanut was located in Henan province and was moving to- wards the northwest of Henan province; The production center of rapeseed shifted to the southwest from Nanzhang county in Hubei province to Fengjie county in Chongqing. (iii) The driving factors of different oil production had different effects in different provinces. Soybean pro- duction was mainly affected by population density, fertilizer application and GDP growth rate; Peanut production was mainly affected by chemical fertilizer application, total mechanical power and irrigation area; Rapeseed production was mainly affected by population density, urbanization rate and road density. [Conclusion] The production of three main oil crops has obvious spatial agglomeration characteristics, and the influencing factors are different, which are mainly affected by social and economic factors such as chemical fertilizer application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The paper aimed to explore the methods of ecological network construction, typical area division and method of optimizing the overall network layout in karst region, so as to provide reference for the spatial layout and mode optimization of the integrated urban-rural development and ecological civilization construction in Qianxinan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Qianxinan Prefecture) in a rational and orderly manner. (Method) The constraint factors were screened based on spatial principal component analysis to form a comprehensive resistance surface. The method of morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA) and the model of minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) were used to identify important ecological corridor and ecological node and build ecological network to divide typical area. Combined with ecological fault points and ecological breakpoints, the suggestions for overall optimization of ecological network and partition control were put forward. (Result] Habitat patches in Qianxinan Prefecture showed obvious zoning variability, with the core area of 5908.81 km2, which was centrally and continuously distributed in the southeastern and southwestern regions of the study area, with high habitat quality. The northern and central regions were more distributed with banded cropland, which broke the spatial continuity of the forested land, resulting in more serious fragmentation of patches in the core area. A total of 44 ecological source sites with patch area larger than 1 km2 were identified based on MSPA. 55 potential ecological corridors were generated based on the MCR model, with a total length of 2563.422 kilometers. 43 ecological nodes were identified based on the ecological network construction of the ecological corridors. The ecological network was mainly distributed in the southeastern part of the study area. There were relatively few ecological sources in the central and northern parts of the study area, resulting in broken ecological corridors and a lack of channels for the exchange of material information between the northern and south- ern regions. The study area was divided into 6 ecological typical areas and the targeted control strategies were proposed, with adding 26 new ecotourism spots, 39 ecological breakpoints and 32 ecological fault points. The suggestions for optimizing overall layout of the ecological net- work were proposed. (Conclusion)] The ecological network construction and typical regional optimization in Qianxinan Prefecture are conducive to the formation of a more continuous and complete ecological protection pattern and spatial network system, thus providing a scientific ecological network paradigm for the construction of ecological network in karst areas and a scientific strategy for the integrated development of urban and rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the pathogenicity and dominant physiological groups and physiological races of Magnaporthe oryzae in Guangxi, analyze avirulence genes, find out the composition and distribution of physiological races and avirulence genes, providing reference for resistance breeding and variety promotion. [Method] Pathogenicity of 128 M. oryzae single spore isolates from 4 rice growing regions of southern Guangxi (Guinan), central Guangxi (Guizhong), northern Guangxi (Guibei) and alpine region were deter- mined by artificial spraying inoculation on the 7 unified identification of varieties in China and 26 near-isogenic lines (NILs) that contained only one resistance gene. (Result) Among the 128 rice blast strains, the proportion of strong pathogenic strains was 60.16%. The 128 M. oryzae strains could be divided into 7 groups and 26 physiological races, and the dominant group was ZB with a frequency of 69.53%. Dominant physiological races were ZB13 and ZB,, whose frequencies were 25.00% and 14.84%. Virulence frequency of the tested isolates ranged from 28.12% to 100.00%. Among them, the virulence frequency of the isolates group to resistance genes Pik, Pikm, Pil and Pi9 was lower, with frequencies of 28. 12%, 28.91%, 35.94% and 37.50%, respectively. Avirulence genes corresponding to the tested resistance genes were detected in the collected rice blast fungi, and 15 avirulence genes were detected in the four regions. Avirulence genes Aur-Pia (1), Aur-Pia(2), Aur-Pii, Aur-Pik, Aur-Pib, Aur-Pit, Aur-Pish (2), Aur-Pi3(1), Aur-Pi5 (1), Aur-Pil2(t) and Avr-Pi19(t) occurred at a frequency less than 20.00%. Most of isolates contained 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 avirulence genes with combination frequency of 19.53%, 11.72%, 11.72%, 15.63% and 10. 16% in the tested strains. [Conclusion] Rice blast fungi in Guangxi from 2021 have strong pathogenicity. The dominant physiological group is ZB and dominant physiological races are ZB13 and ZB9. Avirulence genes Aur-Pia (1), Avr-Pia (2), Aur-Pii, Aur-Pik, Aur-Pib, Aur-Pit, Avr-Pish (2), Aur-Pi3 (1), Aur-Pi5(1), Aur-Pil2(t) and Aur-Pil9(t) occurr at low frequency, which suggests that resistance genes corresponding to the avirulence genes should not be suitable for applying rice breeding and variety distribution in Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effects of exogenous straw carbon addition on the organic carbon composition and rice growth characteristics of calcareous paddy soil in karst area, providing reference basis for exploring the changes in carbon composition of alcareous paddy soil in karst areas. 【Method】The rice pot experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of Yanshan Campus of Guilin University of Technology in March 2023, and the experiment period was 120 d. A total of 19 treatments were set up in the pot experiment. In the treatment that only added straw carbon, 0.5%, 1.0% and 3.0% （dry soil mass ratio） crushed straw, straw compost and straw biochar were added, respectively. In the treatment of adding straw carbon and calcium carbonate, the carbon content of the three kinds of straw was 1.0%, and on this basis, 0, 10.0% and 20.0% （dry soil mass ratio） calcium carbonate were added, respectively. At the same time, the control （CK） treatment without adding any substances was set up. The growth characteristics of rice and the changes of soil organic carbon components microbial biomass carbon （MBC), dissolved organic carbon （DOC), granular organic carbon （POC） and their influencing factors were analyzed.【Result】The type and amount of straw carbon had an impact on the content of organic carbon components in the soil. Adding 0.5% straw compost resulted in the highest MBC content in soil （235.73 mg/kg), while adding 1.0% straw compost resulted in the highest DOC content in soil （221.50 mg/kg). The soil treated with 3.0% straw biochar had the highest POC content （36.20 mg/kg). The content of calcium carbonate in soil also affected the composition of soil organic carbon. When the content of calcium carbonate was 20.0%, the soil MBC contents in the treatments adding three straw carbons were the highest. The soil with 10.0% calcium carbonate+1.0% straw compost had the highest DOC content （195.60 mg/kg). The effects of adding three kinds of straw carbon on the growth of rice were as follows: straw biochar ＞ straw compost ＞ broken straw. Among them, the rice with 0.5% straw biochar added had the best growth, with an average plant height of 102 cm and root length of 50 cm. Addition 3.0% crushed straw had the strongest inhibitory effect on rice growth. With the increase of calcium carbonate addition, the rice plant height treated by straw compost increased first and then decreased, and the addition of 10.0% calcium carbonate had a stronger effect on plant height. The correlation analysis results showed that the amount of straw biochar was significantly negatively correlated with soil DOC content （P ＜ 0.05, the same below), and extremely significantly positively correlated with soil POC content （P ＜ 0.01). There was a significant positive correlation between calcium carbonate addition and soil DOC content.【Conclusion】Exogenous straw carbon has a positive excitation effect on the active organic carbon components in calcareous paddy soil, which can greatly increase the contents of MBC, DOC and POC in soil, and the addition of straw carbon and calcium carbonate has a synergistic effect on the increase of soil active carbon components. Adding low amount of straw carbon can promote rice growth, and straw biochar has the most obvious promoting effect. Adding straw compost and straw biochar to soils with 10.0% and 20.0% calcium carbonate concentrations can promote rice growth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The purpose of the paper was to select the best planting mode suitable for improving the soil quality of tobacco-planting paddy soil, as well as the quality and efficiency of tobacco leaves, and effectively integrating flue-cured tobacco with diversified industries in Yunnan province. [Method] Using the flue-cured tobacco variety Yunyan 87 as material, a 3-year field experiment was conducted on paddy soil, and five treatments were set up: Flue-cured tobacco continuous cropping (TI, CK), 2-year alfalfa rotation-1-year flue-cured tobacco rotation (T2), 1-year alfalfa rotation-2-year flue-cured tobacco rotation (T3), flue-cured tobacco intercropping corn (T4), flue-cured to-bacco morchel rotation (T5), to explore the effects of planting patterns on soil physicochemical characteristics, soil microbial quantity, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. [Result] Compared with T1 (CK), soil bulk density decreased by 2.47% to 21.77% after rotation and in- tercropping, and soil porosity, cation exchange capacity, contents of organic matter, hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased significantly, and soil water soluble chlorine had no significant change. Moreover, it could increase the content of large and medium particle size aggregates and improve the soil structure and stability. The number of fungi, bacteria and actinomyces in rotation and intercropping rhizosphere soil were significantly increased by 61.82%-176.4%, 13.0%-49.73% and 25.38% 130.05%, re- spectively. Meantime, the microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen and carbon nitrogen ratio increased by 13.81% 60.38%, 9.96% 52. 40% and 3.51% -5.48%, respectively. The leaf area, proportion of high-grade, yield and output value of tobacco were significantly increased, and output value of T2 and T5 was the highest, which were significantly increased by 43. 28% and 50.22% compared with T1 (CK), respectively. Compared with T1 (CK), the contents of total sugar, reducing sugar and oxides potassium in T2, T3, T4 and 15 were significantly increased by 13.96%-56.51%, 7.46% -27.91% and 40.76% 52.72%. The contents of total nitrogen and nicotine in tobacco leaf decreased by 4.13% 11.00% and 3.39% -16.41%. [Conclusion] The use of flue-cured tobacco-alfalfa' and flue-cured tobacco-morchella' rotation mode can improve soil fertility, soil permeability, aggregate structure and soil microbial community abundance, which is beneficial to increase tobacco yield and output value, and improve the coordination of tobacco chemical composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to further clarify the metabolic mechanism of applying biochar to soil under long-term saline irrigation, and to explore and analyze the differences in the composition of metabolic markers in biochar applied soil. 【Method】The experiment was set with two irrigation water salinities, fresh water （FW） and saline water （SW）, and biochar was applied at each water salinity, represented by FWBC and SWBC. The metabolomics method of gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （GC-TOF-MS） was used to study the composition of metabolites in cotton field soil.【Result】Under freshwater irrigation conditions, the application of biochar significantly increased the soil moisture content, electrical conductivity, pH, total carbon, available potassium, and available phosphorus by 30.4%, 14.3%, 1.4%, 22.8%, 39.9% and 18.7% compared to the treatment without biochar; Under saline irrigation conditions, the application of biochar significantly increased the content of total carbon, total nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus in the soil by 9.8%, 4.8%, 33.7% and 48.7% compared to the treatment without biochar, but the soil conductivity significantly decreased by 14.5%. Under freshwater irrigation, biochar was applied and a total of 5 metabolites with significant differences （P＜0.05） were selected, all of which showed downregulation; Under saline water irrigation, 22 metabolites with significant differences （P＜0.05） were screened by applying biochar, all of which showed upregulation. The classification of soil metabolites mainly included lipid and lipid molecules, organic acids and their derivatives, organic oxygen compounds, benzene ring compounds, organic heterocyclic compounds, phenylpropanoids, and polyketone metabolites. Among them, furoic acid and niacin screened under saline irrigation conditions belong to the organic heterocyclic compounds, lactulose and 2-aminophenol belong to the organic oxygen compounds, and 3-hydroxy-2-aminobenzoic acid belongs to the benzene ring compounds.【Conclusion】The application of biochar can improve soil physical and chemical properties, increase the types and abundance of metabolites in saline irrigated soil, effectively alleviate the harm caused by long-term saline irrigation, and provide certain ideas for the rational development and utilization of saline water resources in arid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The purpose of the paper was to study the diversity and growth promoting potential of culturable endophytic fungi in Neuwiedia singapureana, and provide a reference for the exploration of endophytic fungi resources in Hainan of China. (Method) The endo- phytic fungi strains of N. singapureana rooted from the Dialuoshan Nature Reserve in Hainan province were identified by culture method, combined with ITS sequencing, and the phosphorus dissolving and growth promotion ability of some fungi was tested. The endophytic fungi was co-cultured with the protocorms of D. officinale and A. rigida, to test their effects on the growth of the two orchids. (Result) By free- hand sections and microscopic observation, the fungal hypha in the cortex of root of the N. singapureana could be clearly observed. 24 OTUS were obtained, belonging to nine families and 14 genera, among which Trichoderma in Moniliaceae family had the highest isolation rate, with five genera (eg. Cylindrocarpon, Gliocephalotrichum) strains in Nectriaceae followed. Among them, five strains showed different degrees of phosphorus-decompressing ability, contaning Apiotrichum sp. (Neu242), Cylindrocarpon spp. (Neu83 and Neul54), Gliocladiopsis sp. (Neu245) and Mucor sp. (Neul23). Morover, Mucor sp. Neu123 and Apiotrichum sp. Neu242, showed significantly promoting effects on the growth of D. officinale and A. rigida seedlings. [Conclusion] There are abundant culturable fungi in the roots of N. singapureana. The endophytic fungi with potential phosphorus-soluble ability are screened from N. singapureana roots, which can provide growth-promoting strain resources for the artificial breeding of orchids, and also lay a foundation for the research on the mechanism of orchid mycorrhiza symbiotic phosphorus nutrition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to explore the function of the phosphoproteinase 1 (EbPP1) gene related to the number of leaves in Erigeron breviscapus, which lays the foundation for revealing the molecular mechanisms of E. breviscapus leaf number and flowering time. [Method) The EbPP1 gene from the leaves of E. breviscapus was cloned and constructed into the plant overexpression vector RP101. The dip- ping flower method was used to infect newly bolted Arabidopsis thaliana plants for heterologous expression, several T1, T2 and T, generations of A. thaliana positive plants were obtained through screening. Finally, the number of leaves and flowering time of T3 generation positive plants were counted. The expression level of EbPPI was detected by RT-qPCR, and the endogenous hormone content of A. thaliana plants was measured. [Result] The full-length EbPP1 gene was successfully cloned and overexpression vector RP101-GFP EbPP1 was constructed for this gene, cloned stable genetic transformation had been achieved in A. thaliana, and 24 positive EbPPI transgenic plants were obtained in the T3 generation. Real time fluorescence quantitative analysis was performed on the T3 generation positive plants, and RT-qPCR results showed that the EbPP1 gene was overexpressed in the transgenic A. thaliana, with its expression level increasing from 1.034 in the wild type to 136.33; Transgenic A. thaliana exhibited phenotypic characteristics of increased leaf number and delayed flowering time; Quantitative determination of endogenous hormone content in plants by LC-MS showed that the content of various hormones such as indole-3-carboxylic acid (ICA) and gibberellin-24 (GA24) in T3 transgenic A. thaliana were significantly higher than that in the wild type, with the precursor substance of growth hormone L-tryptophan (TRP) being particularly significant, reaching three times that of the wild type. [Conclusion] Suc- cessfully, the heterologously EbPPI gene is expressed in A. thaliana plants. Compared with wild A. thaliana plants, transgenic A. thaliana plants have an increased number of leaves, increase its expression of EbPPI gene, and increase endogenous hormone content. Based on the above results, it is suggested that EbPP1 may affect the number of leaves and flowering time of E. breviscapus by regulating plant hormone levels. The study lays the foundation for further analyzing the mechanisms related to the development of leaf number and flowering molecular mechanisms of E. breviscapus, and also provides a certain genetic basis for the breeding of high-quality E. breviscapus varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to comprehend the expression characteristics of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Pinus yunnanensis and its involvement in lignin biosynthesis. (Method) The relative concentrations of 18 specific small molecules within the lignin pathway were assessed in the stems, buds, and needles of one-year-old P. yunnanensis. Additionally, the CAD genes of P. yunnanensis were identified, cloned and bioinformatics analyzed by comprehensive analysis of transcriptome data. RT-qPCR was employed to examine their expression patterns across various tissues. (Result] The findings revealed that among the 18 lignin pathway molecules, the relative con- tent of 5-0-caffeoylshikimic acid, 5-0-p-coumaroyl shikimic acid, and caffeic acid were higher in the buds, while the relative content of 3- O-p-coumaroyl quinic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, coniferylaldehyde, L-phenylalanine, coniferyl alcohol, p-coumaryl alcohol, L- (-)-tyrosine, sinapinaldehyde were higher in the stems. In addition, the relative content of coniferin, p-coumaraldehyde, caffeic aldehyde, and syringin were higher in the needles. Four members of the CAD family were screened from the transcriptome of P. yunnanensis, and phylogenetic analysis showed that PyCAD-3 of P. yunnanensis was homologous to AtCADI, and PyCAD-1, PyCAD-2 and PyCAD-4 were closely related to CAD of Pinus, AtCAD4 and ALCAD5. The results of correlation analysis showed that the PyCAD-1 and PyCAD-2 were closely related to small molecules in the lignin pathway upstream and downstream. The open reading frame of PyCAD-1 and PyCAD-2 was 570 and 1083 bp, respectively, and the molecular weights of PyCAD-1 and PyCAD-2 were 20.38 and 39.30 kDa, respectively. The results of RT-qPCR showed that the relative expression of PyCAD-1 was the highest in bud and tender stem, and PyCAD-2 was the highest in tender stem. [Conclusion] It is speculated that PyCAD-2 may be directly involved in lignin biosynthesis, while PyCAD-1 may have some functional redundancy. The study provides a theoretical basis for studying CAD genes family and genes related to the lignin metabolism pathway of P. yunnanensis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The present paper aimed to obtain the complete sequence of SsREMO-la gene, conduct tissue-specific expression, qPCR expression analysis, sub-cellular localization study, and the phenotypic changes of Arabidopsis thaliana with SsREMO-la gene transfer and the expression pattern of CAT-1 gene. (Method) The complete sequence of SsREMO-la gene was obtained by PCR, purification, cloning and sequencing from Hainan sugarcane wild species (Sp-24). Drought stress was applied to the normal growth of the seedlings. Young leaves, roots and stems at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after the stress treatment were collected for tissue-specific expression analysis and qPCR analysis. The tissue location and function of SsREMO-1a were analyzed by tobacco sub-cellular mapping and gene transformation techniques. PB1221-SSREMO-1a-GFP fusion expression vector was constructed and transformed into tobacco for cell localization analysis. The over-ex- pression vector pCAMBIA 1304-SsREMO-la was constructed, and SsREMO-1a was introduced into A. thaliana by agrobacterium transformation. The phenotypes of plants at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after drought stress and the expression of CAT-1 gene were observed. [Result] The full length of SsREMO-1a gene was 738 bp, and the open code frame (ORF) was 564 bp, encoding 187 amino acids. Tissue-specific expression showed that SsREMO-1a was expressed in roots, stems and leaves. qPCR results showed that the gene was induced by drought stress and showed significantly up-regulated expression. The results of sub-cellular localization showed that SsREMO-1a protein was localized on the cell membrane. A total of 11 transgenic A. thaliana lines were obtained, and the drought resistance identification showed that the transgenic plants could improve the drought resistance of the plants. The expression of CAT-1 gene in transgenic plants was significantly in- creased. [Conclusion] SsREMO-1a can improve the drought resistance of plants and regulate CAT-1 gene to some extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to study the effects of biochar application on the quality of cured tobacco, soil mutrients and soil microbial community structure. (Method) A randomised block group field experiment was conducted using Yunyan 87 as the experimental mate rial. Four treatments were set up (SWT1: Conventional fertilization; SWT2: Conventional fertilization biochar 1500 kg/hm²; SWT3: Conventional fertilization + biochar 2250 kg/hm²; SWT4: Conventional fertilization biochar 3000 kg/hm²) to determine the chemical composition, sensory quality of cured tobacco and the soil nutrients, rhizosphere soil hacterial diversity of the cured tobacco at maturity. [Result] The application of biochar had no significant influence on the soil nutrients and chemical composition of cured tobacco. Compared with the SWTI treatment, the sensory quality of cured tobacco was significantly improved in all treatments of biochar application, among which SWT3 treat- ment showed the best performance with 13.85%,6.56%,10.87%,8.70%,4.62%,12.31% and 6.25% improvement in amma quality, aroma amount, concentration, strength, impurities, usage value, and total score, respectively. With the increase of biochar application rate, the bacterial richness (Chaol index), diversity (Shannon indes), total ASV number and unique ASV number in the rhizosphere soil of flue- cured tobacco showed a decreasing trend. Compared with SWT1 treatment, the difference in microbial community structure composition incre aed with the increase of biochar application rate. The dominant phyla of each treatment were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Actinobacte ria, At the phylum classification level, there was no significant difference in the community structure composition among different treatments. The application of biochar increased the relative abundance of f Rhizobiaceae, g Allorhizobium, Neorhizobium, g Pararhizobium, g Rhizobium and other nitrogen fixing bacteria, as well as funcultured_Actinobacterium, f Burkholderiaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, o Pseudomonadale, g Pseudomonas, g Sphingopyxis, & Dyella, g Massilin and other growth promoting bacteria. The application of biochar decreased the relative abundance of denitrifying bacteria such as sunclassified_Anaerolinencrar and g unclassified Caulobacteracene. At the ASV classification level, AN was the dominant factor affecting the changes in soil bacterial community structure. [Conclusion] The application of biochar improve the sensory quality of cured tobacco leaves, with SWT3 treatment (2250 kg/hm²) performing the best. The application of biochar reduce thizosphere soil bacteria a-diversity, and increase the relative abundance of beneficial hacteria such as nitrogen fixing bacteria, growth promoting bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria in the thizosphere soil, which is beneficial for increasing soil nutrients and promoting plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to study the effects of combined application of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer on SPAD value, photo- synthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation, transport, grain filling rate and yield of spring wheat in irrigation area of northern Xinjiang, which provided a basis for rational application of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and combined application of biochar in irrigation area of northern Xinjiang and increasing yield and efficiency of farmland. (Method) In the study, the high-quality spring wheat variety Xinchun 37' in Xinjiang was used as the test material, and a randomized block design was used, four nitrogen fertilizer levels were set up as non-nitro- gen fertilizer (NO:0 kg/hm²), conventional nitrogen fertilizer (N1: 300 kg/hm²), nitrogen fertilizer reduction 15% (N²: ²55 kg/hm²), nitrogen fertilizer reduction 30% (N3: ²10 kg/hm²); Two biochar levels were set up as non-biochar (BO:0 kg/hm²) and biochar (B1: ²0 x 10³ kg/hm²), including 8 treatments as BONO, BINO, BONI, BINI, BON², BIN², BON3, BI N3; The SPAD value of flag leaf, photosynthetic indexes (net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, intercellular CO, concentration), dry matter accumulation and transport during growth period, grain filling rate, yield and its composition of spring wheat were measured, to clarifying the effects of different a-mounts of nitrogen fertilizer and biochar on the growth of spring wheat. (Result) Compared with non-biochar and non-nitrogen fertilizer (BONO),15% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer combined with biochar (B1N²) could significantly increased the SPAD value of flag leaf, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, dry matter accumulation and transport rate, grain filling rate and yield of spring wheat. Under the BIN² treatment, the SPAD value increased by 13.17%-91.70%, the net photosynthetic rate increased by 17.4²% 87.30%, the stomatal conductance increased by 16.00%-²9.41%, and the transpiration rate increased by ²5.35% -79.81%. At the maturity stage of spring wheat, the dry matter of grains increased by ²8.87%, and the yield increased by 30.²3%. [Conclusion] Appropriate amount of biochar ²0 x 10³ kg/hm² and nitrogen fertilizer ²55 kg/hm² (B1 N²) can initially achieve the purpose of increasing spring wheat yield and reducing nitrogen fertilizer application, and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of scientific application strategies of nitro- gen fertilizer and biochar in farmland in northern Xinjiang irrigation area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effects of application amounts of biochar from different Eucalyptus branches an soil phosphorus transformation and availability, to evaluate the potential of soil phosphorus activation, and to provide a basis for the practical application of biochar in agricultural and forestry soil improvement. Method) In a long-term positioning test of biochar application from 2017, six different treatments were selected: 0(CK),0.5% (T1), 1.0% (12),2.0%(T3), 4.0% (T4), and 6.0% (15) in terms of mass percentage of biochar to sail. The contents of soil total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP), inorganic phosphorus (IP) and organic phosphorus (OP) components in different soil [Method] In a long-term positioning test of biochar application from 2017, six different treatments were selected: 0% （CK), 0.5% （T1), 1.0% （T2), 2.0% （T3), 4.0% （T4), and 6.0% （T5） in terms of mass percentage of biochar to soil. The contents of soil total phosphorus （TP), available phosphorus（AP), inorganic phosphorus （IP） and organic phosphorus （OP） components in different soil layers of 0～10 cm, 10～20 cm and 20～30 cm following the different treatments were measured after five years of biochar application.【Result】Compared with the CK, soil TP, AP, dicalcium phosphorus(Ca2-P), aluminium phosphate（Al-P), ferric phosphate（Fe-P), ocalcium phosphorus(Ca8-P), labile organic phosphorus （LOP), and moderately labile organic phosphorus （MLOP） and phosphorus activation coefficient （PAC） in 0-30 cm soil layers all significantly increased with the application of biochar（P＜0.05), and soil decalcium phosphorus(Ca10-P), occluded phosphorus （O-P), moderately resistant organic phosphorus （MROP） and highly resistant organic phosphorus （HROP） all decreased, respectively. In 0-30 cm, the trend of the average value of IP and OP components under different biochar treatments followed the increasing order of Fe-P＞Al-P＞O-P＞Ca8-P＞Ca2-P＞Ca10-P, moderately labile organic phosphorus（MLOP）＞labile organic phosphorus（LOP） ＞MROP＞HROP. The contents of TP, AP, IP, and OP in soil all decreased with the deepening of the soil layer. AP was extremely significantly positive correlated with pH, soil organic matter（SOM), TP, Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P, Fe-P, LOP and MLOP respectively（P＜0.01). The principal component analysis revealed that biochar had a positive effect on soil IPcomponents, OP components, and AP. Compared to OP components, biochar had a greater impact on soil IP components.【Conclusion】In summary, the Eucalyptus branch waste biochar significantly increased the content of soil AP and phosphorus forms after five years of application by releasing of phosphorus content from biochar itself and its positive impact on soil physico-chemical properties, it promoted the conversion of insoluble phosphorus to effective phosphorus and organic phosphorus to inorganic phosphorus in the soil, which was conducive to improving the availability and supply capacity of soil phosphorus [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to compare the effects of adding different probiotics in feed on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical indicators of Salmon trutta. [Method] 630 S. trutta with an initial body weight of (84.57 ±1.83) g were selected for the experiment and randomly divided into 7 groups, with 3 parallel fish in each group and 30 parallel fish in each group. The control group was fed with basic feed, while the experimental group was supplemented with different probiotics (Saccharomyces, EM bacteria, Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, compound Bacillus, B. licheniformis) to the basic feed for three months. [Result] The indicators related to growth, digestion and serum biochemistry were measured and analyzed. The results showed that adding different probiotics had a growth promoting effect on the S. trutta. The average body length growth rate, average body weight growth rate, specific growth rate, food conversion rate and feeding rate of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05, the same as below); Compared with the control group, the experimental group showed an increase in liver pancreatic protease, intestinal protease, lipase, and amylase, with the EM bacteria group having the highest level, significantly higher than the other experimental groups; The activity of catalase in serum of yeast was significantly increased compared to the control group, while there was no significant difference in total protein, triglycerides, glucose, superoxide dismutase, acid phosphatase, glutamic oxalate transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase, complement C3 and lysozyme indicators (P>0.05), while other bacteria had varying degrees of influence among the experimental groups. [Conclusion] Taking into account survival rate, growth characteristics, digestive enzymatic activity and serum biochemical indicators, the addition of EM bacteria has a good effect on the healthy breeding of S. trutta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the spatiotemporal evolution of the ecological environment quality in Xuzhou urban area during the transition period, and to provide a basis for ecological protection and related policy formulation. [Method] Using five-period Landsat data from 2000 to 2020, the Remote Sensing Ecological Index (RSEI) was constructed, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of the ecological environment quality in Xuzhou urban area were analyzed based on Pearson correlation coefficient, spatial autocorrelation and other methods. The geodetector was used to detect the main factors affecting the ecological environment quality. [Result] (i) The RSEI value of the study area fluctuated between 0.5 and 0.6 from 2000 to 2020, indicating that the ecological environment quality was unstable; the low-grade ecological environment quality was mainly distributed in Yunlong district, Quanshan district and Gulou district, while the high-grade ecological environment quality was mainly distributed in Tongshan district and Jiawang district; (ii) The area proportion of the improved ecological environment quality from 2000 to 2020 was 35.70%, while the area proportion of the deteriorated ecological environment quality was 23.23%. There was a significant negative correlation between the ecological environment quality and its change, and the higher the RSEI grade, the easier it was to deteriorate, and the lower the RSEI grade, the easier it was to improve; (iii) The ecological environment quality had obvious spatial clustering characteristics, and the high-high clustering area was distributed in Tongshan district, while the low-low clustering area was mainly distributed in Yunlong district, Quanshan district, Gulou district and Jiawang district. In the past 20 years, the standard deviation ellipse of the high-high clustering area showed obvious directionality, and always presented a 'northwest-southeast' distribution pattern, while the standard deviation ellipse of the low-low clustering area presented a 'southwest-northeast' distribution pattern; (iv) The geodetector results showed that all the influencing factors were significant, and the dominant factor was greenness, and the interaction effect of the two factors was obvious. [Conclusion] The ecological environment quality of Xuzhou urban area improves after the transition, and the ecological governance achieves some results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of soil conditioners containing calcium, magnesium and phosphorus on acidification reduction and crop growth in protected red soil through field experiments. [Method] Using Italian lettuce as material, field plot experiment was carried out on protected red soil, and 5 treatments were set up: Control (local conventional fertilization), treatment T1 (local conventional fertilization + calcium, magnesium and phosphorus soil conditioner 1500 kg/hm²), treatment T2 (local conventional fertilization + calcium, magnesium and phosphorus soil conditioner 3000 kg/hm²), treatment T3 (local conventional fertilization + calcium, magnesium and phosphorus soil conditioner 6000 kg/hm²), treatment MT3 (local conventional fertilization + calcium, magnesium and phosphorus soil conditioner 6000 kg/hm² + biological bacteria agent). Each treatment was repeated 3 times. The agronomic traits and quality indexes of lettuce, soil pH, soil organic matter and soil bacterial community diversity were determined. [Result] T3 treatment significantly increased the contents of soil organic matter, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium, especially total phosphorus (22.56%). Compared with CK, the pH, base saturation and Ve content of lettuce in T3 significantly increased by 0.7 units, 257.14% and 14.40%, respectively, while the contents of exchangeable acid, exchangeable aluminum and available manganese significantly decreased by 600.00% 75.00% and 37.27%, respectively. Compared with the treatment of MT3, the hydrolytic nitrogen content, cation exchange capacity and lettuce plant height significantly increased by 44. 56%,4.01% and 11.29%, respectively. The key environmental factors affecting the main bacterial communities (phylum level) of the protected lettuce field were organic matter (29.8%), pH (24.9%) and available potassium (16.3%). [Conclusion] Applying 6000 kg/hm² calcium-magnesium-phosphorus soil conditioner can increase the pH of protected red soil, reduce the exchangeable acid, exchangeable aluminum content, and soil acidification, improve soil fertility and bacterial community structure, moreover, its combined application with microbial bacterial agent can increase lettuce plant height and Ve content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to provide scientific and effective theoretical basis for understanding the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure, making full use of microbial resources and cultivating Gentiana rigescens Franch. with good quality. [Method] The microbial diversity and community structure of rhizosphere soil of G. rigescens Franch. from different producing areas were compared and analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology. The correlation between microbial community abundance and soil nutrient content in rhizosphere soil was analyzed in combination with soil physicochemical properties. [Result] There were differences in the diversity and richness of rhizosphere soil microorganisms in different areas, among which the Chaol, Ace and Shannon indices of sample BS2 were the largest. The analysis of community composition showed that the bacteria belonged to 136 phylums, 86 classes, 188 orders, 409 families and 1793 genera. The dominant bacteria of DL2 and LC were Proteobacteria, and their relative abundance was 64.74% and 56.00%, respectively. Acidobacteria were the dominant bacteria in samples DLI, BSI, BS2 and GZ, and their relative abundance was 42.02%, 24. 40%, 41.44% and. 71. 30%, respectively. Fungi of rhizosphere soil belonged to 5 phylums, 28 classes, 63 orders, 124 families and 181 genera. Basidiomycota (42.65%) was the dominant fungus in sample BS2, and Ascomycota (48.50% -88.92%) was the dominant fungus in the other five samples. Correlation analysis of rhizosphere microorganisms and soil physicochemical properties showed that soil pH was significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Streptomyces and negatively correlated with Candidatus-Sulfotelmatter. The organic matter content was significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of both Edaphobacter and Granulicella. Soil available nutrients such as hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with the relative abundance of Rhodanobacter. [Conclusion] The origin factors have a certain effect on the microbial diversity and community structure of rhizosphere soil of G. rigescens. Comprehensively, sample BS2 has the highest richness and diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi are the dominant bacteria in all samples, while Ascomycota and Basidiomycota are the dominant fungal communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the changing law of twig and leaf size relationship in the vertical structure of woody plants in the dry-hot valley of northwest Guangxi, and provide a theoretical basis for plant protection and vegetation restoration in the dry-hot valley of northwest Guangxi. [Method] The natural secondary forest community in Yachang Forest Farm in the dry-hot valley of northwest Guangxi was studied by using one-way ANOVA, standardized principal axis estimation and correlation analysis to analyze the size difference, allometric growth relationship and correlation relationship among twigs and leaves in different forest layers. [Result] There were significant differences in the traits of most twigs and leaves in different forest layers (P<0.05, the same as below). With the increase of forest layer, twig fresh weight, twig dry weight, twig diameter, total leaf area, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight and leaf dry matter content showed an increasing trend, while twig relative water content, branching intensity, individual leaf area, leaf relative water content and specific leaf area showed a decreasing trend. There was a significant positive allometric growth relationship between twig cross-sectional area and total leaf area, and a significant negative allometric growth relationship between twig cross-sectional area and branching density in different forest layers, with a common slope and significant differences in the intercept of the regression equation, indicating that vertical structure changes do not change the ecological tradeoff between branch size, branch number and leaf area, but significantly changed the proportion of resource allocation for twig and leaf traits. Tall forest plants supported fewer twigs per unit area and more total leaf area. Correlation analysis showed that vertical structure changes have a significant impact on plant twig and leaf traits, and the correlation between plant twig and leaf traits was closer in lower and middle forest than in upper forest. [Conclusion] Vertical structural changes do not significantly affect the ecological tradeoffs between leafy traits in woody plants, but significantly affect the biomass configuration of branches and leaves. The upper woody plants per unit area have a larger leaf area, while the lower woody plants support a larger number of branches, which is an ecological strategy adopted by woody plants in the dry-hot valley of northwest Guangxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the annual dynamic changes and correlations of mineral nutrients in three ‘Tarocco’ blood orange varieties, namely ‘Tarocco blood orange new series’, ‘Tarocco blood orange No.8’ and ‘Tarocco blood orange No.9’, to understand their nutrient absorption patterns and provide theoretical basis for scientific fertilization of blood orange.【Method】The leaves of three blood orange varieties collected in different months throughout the year were used as materials to determine the dry matter rate, total N, total P, total K, Ca, Mg, total B, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn contents. The contents of each nutrient element in fruits were determined during the fruit ripening period, to analyze the absorption pattern and correlation between the content of nutrient elements in leaves and fruits.【Result】In the leaves, dry matter rate overall showed ‘Tarocco blood orange No.8’ ＞ ‘Tarocco blood orange No.9’ ＞‘Tarocco blood orange new series’. The changes patterns of total B, Fe and Cu were similar. The time when the Fe content of ‘Tarocco blood orange No.9’ reached its maximum value (78.30 mg/kg) was 60 days earlier than the other two varieties. The changes of total K content was opposite to that of total B and Cu, which was manifested as low at maturity stage and young fruit stage, and high at fruit enlargement period and color changing period. There were differences in the variation rules of total N, total P, Ca, Mg, Zn and Mn among the three varieties. In fruits, ‘Tarocco blood orange No.8’ had the highest dry matter rate, total N, total P, total K, Ca, Mg, total B, Cu and Mn content, while ‘Tarocco blood orange No.9’ was the lowest. Correlation analysis showed that the total N content was extremely significantly correlated with Ca, B, and Cu content in leaves (P＜0.01, the same as below), while the correlation between total P and the content of each element was not significant (P＞0.05). The dry matter rate was extremely positively correlated with the content of total P, total K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, and Mn in fruits, while Zn content was extremely negatively correlated with dry matter rate, the contents of total P, total K, Cu, Ca, Mg, total B, and Mn. The contents of total K, Fe, Zn, and Mn in leaves were significantly or extremely negatively correlated with the contents of total P, total K, Ca, Mg, total B, Cu, and Mn content in fruits.【Conclusion】In the early stages of fruit development (flowering period to young fruit period), N, P, K compound fertilizers and Ca, B, Fe, Mn fertilizers should be mainly applied. In the late stages of fruit development (from fruit enlargement period to maturity period), attention should be paid to supplementing P and K fertilizers, as well as micro fertilizers such as Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and balancing the application of N fertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the effects of different cover planting methods on water consumption characteristics and yield of potatoes in arid and semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau, improve water use efficiency, and seek suitable potato planting models in arid and semi-arid areas.【Method】The experiments were conducted at the experimental base of Gansu Agricultural University in 2022.Four covering treatments were set up: ridge planting + high straw coverage (SLH), ridge planting + low straw coverage (SLL), flat planting + high straw coverage (PH), and flat planting + low straw coverage (PL). Traditional open field flat planting was used as the control (CK).【Result】The covering treatment significantly increased the soil moisture content of potato throughout the entire growth period by 0.14%-0.78% compared to CK. The covering treatment had the most prominent effect on increasing soil moisture during the tuber formation period, with an average increase of 17.85% in soil moisture content in the 0-90 cm soil layer compared to CK. Covering treatment significantly increased the soil water storage capacity of 0-180 cm throughout the entire growth period of potatoes compared to CK treatment. Among them, SLH treatment had the largest increase in tuber formation and maturity stages, with an increase of 11.54% and 11.14%, respectively. Straw mulching significantly increased potato yield by 5.24% to 26.16% compared to CK, increased water use efficiency (WUE) by 10.39% to 34.07%, and increased commercial potato yield by 2.11% to 12.88%.The coverage treatment significantly reduced the water consumption of potatoes in the early stage (sowing seedling stage) and later stage (starch accumulation maturity stage) compared to CK, and significantly increased the water consumption in the middle stage (tuber formation stage starch accumulation stage), but the overall water consumption during the entire growth period was significantly reduced. SLH, SLL, PH and PL treatments increased the total potato income by 36.99%, 20.54%, 11.12%, and 8.45%, respectively, compared to CK.【Conclusion】Covering treatment can significantly improve WUE and potato yield. Straw covering is simple, environmentally friendly, labor-saving, and can significantly increase potato planting income. Ridge planting and high straw cover (SLH) can increase WUE and potato yield to the highest extent, which is a suitable potato production planting model for promotion and use in arid and semi-arid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The paper aimed to screen the germplasm resources of Morus macroura with high comprehensive quality and meet the demand of diversified development for food.【Method】23 Morus macroura and 3 other mulberry varieties were collected and preserved in the provincial mulberry germplasm resource nursery garden of Yunnan province to determine 18 indicators such as fruit nutrition, active ingredients and antioxidant activity, and these indicators were comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis.【Result】The 26 M.macroura germplasm resources had a single fruit mass of 1.15-8.38 g, hardness of 1.17-2.08 kg/m², moisture content of 63.23%-79.00%, juice yield of 45.28%-77.97%, pH of 2.22-4.05, soluble solids of 17.07%-35.50%, amino acid content of 6.29-27.93 mg/g, Vc content of 0.02-1.72 mg/g, total sugar content of 114.60-352.93 mg/g, reducing sugar content of 25.30-205.24 mg/g, total flavonoids content of 10.16-73.42 mg/g, total alkaloid content of 0.04-2.46 mg/g, total phenolic content of 0.61-2.68 mg/g, total anthocyanin content of 0.01-1.02 mg/g, total GABA content of 88.43-938.27 μg/g, total antioxidant capacity, ABTS scavenging capacity, and DPPH free radical scavenging capacity were 11.63-93.66, 11.32-7.53, and 9.61-65.09 mg/g water-soluble Vc equivalent, respectively. After principal component analysis, the 18 traits were combined into 6 principal component factors, with a cumulative contribution of 83.49%, which could better reflect the basic information of fruit quality.【Conclusion】The PCA results show that Yunsang 2, Hongfenjiaren, Guo 3, Hongxiangcheng, Heijinshen, Chaziyanhong, Hongyanzhiji and Zijinshen with the best fruit quality are suitable for deep development in Yunnan province as an excellent fruit mulberry resource; Single fruit weight, Vc, anthocyanins, SSC, amino acids, and total sugar are the core indicators for evaluating the quality of M.macroura fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The paper aims to explore the effect of drought stress on endogenous hormones in Camellia reticulata and the molecular mechanism of plant hormone signal transduction pathway responding to drought stress.【Method】The pot seedlings of half-one-year-old wild C.reticulata were used as experimental materials, and 20% PEG-6000 was used to simulate severe drought stress. The contents of auxin (IAA), zeatin nucleoside (ZR), gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in roots and leaves of C.reticulata at 0, 24, 72 hours and 48 hours after rewater (re48 hours) under drought stress, and at the same time, the leaves were sequenced by transcriptome to screen differential genes.【Result】Under drought stress, the endogenous hormones in C.reticulata were all affected. The IAA content in leaves first increased and then decreased and then increased after rehydration, while the IAA content in roots continued to decrease and did not recover after rewater. The change trend of ZR content in leaves was the same as IAA, while that in roots was opposite to that in leaves.GA content in leaves increased continuously during stress and rewater, while GA content in roots increased during stress and decreased after rewater. The change trend of ABA content in leaves was similar to IAA, and ABA content in roots continued to increase during stress, and then decreased after rewater, which was similar to the change trend of GA content in roots.A total of 33 349 differentially expressed genes were screened from the transcriptome sequencing results of C.reticulata, which were significantly enriched in plant hormone transduction, phenylpropionic acid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism, photosynthesis and other pathways at four time points. Drought stress induced the expression of 46 differential genes in plant hormone signal transduction pathway. Four gene modules were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the transcription group was correlated with the contents of the four hormones. Two key gene modules with high correlation with hormone response were screened, including 2769 and 2502 genes respectively. The top 5% genes in the key modules were selected for co-expression analysis, and six key genes (SDH1-1, PETC, VHA-A3, FtsH, chlD, TL17) and five transcription factors (IAA9, NAC, Trihelix, SWI/SNF, NF-YB) were obtained.【Conclusion】Drought stress affects the changes of endogenous hormone content and the expression of related pathway genes. In the study, two co-expression modules closely related to drought stress response are also identified. It is found that genes such as SDH1-1, PETC, VHA-A3, FtsH, chlD, TL17 and transcription factors such as IAA9, NAC, Trihelix, SWI/SNF, NF-YB play an important role in the response of endogenous hormones in C.reticulata under drought stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of degradation of noxious weeds on soil microbial diversity. [Method] The microbial diversity was analyzed by using Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing technology, and the effects of soil available nutrients and microbial diversity on the plant degradation of Ligularia virgaurea, Pedicularis kansuensis, Ajania tenuifolia, Morina chinensis, Elsholtzia densa and Stellera chamaejasme were compared. [Result] Soil available nutrients showed an increasing trend. Soil available nitrogen increased significantly in P. kansuensis, A. tenuifolia and E. densa (P<0.05). And Soil available phosphorus was significantly increased in L. virgaurea, P. kansuensis, A. tenuifolia and E. densa (P<0.05). Compared with the experimental groups affected by six kinds of toxic weeds, ACE index (1384.48) and Chaol index (1385,89) of bacterial relative abundance in the control group were both low, but had little difference from the highest values of 1392.71 and 1393.25. Compared with the control, burying six poisonous weeds not only increased the ACE index and Chaol index of soil fungal richness, but also increased the Shannon index and Simpson index of soil fungal diversity index, but the experimental groups showed different increases due to different treatments. The sequencing results of 7 groups of soil samples showed that the bacteria belonged to 24 phyla and 339 genera. The fungi belonged to 11 phyla and 282 genera. Compared with the control group, bacterial OTUs changed less under the decomposition of 6 noxious weeds, ranging from 1388 to 1392. However, under the influence of decomposition of 6 poison- ous weeds, the OTUs of CK was only 833, while the OTUs of L. sirgaurea was 1013. [Conclusion] The degradation of noxious weeds can increase soil available nitrogen and phosphorus, and increase the abundance and diversity of fungi, but have no significant effect on soil bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective) The present paper aimed to explore the relationship between soil physical and chemical factors and microorganisms in Chinese Cordyceps producing areas of Qinghai province, in order to provide reference for the further improvement of artificial Chinese Cordyceps culture matrix. [Method) Hualong Hui Nationality Autonomous county (HL) in Haidong city, Henan Mongol Autonomous county (HN) in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Xinghai county(XH) in Hainan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Dari county (DR) in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Maqin county (MQ) in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Zaduo county (ZD) in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, and Guoqing Ranch (GQ) in Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture were selected as the experimental plots. Potassi- um dichromate-external heating method, kjeldahl nitrogen determination method, alkaline fusion method, acid dissolution method, o-phenanth- roline colourimetric method, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, flame photometric method and potassium periodate colourimetric method were used for the determination of the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Microbial content and species were determined u- sing high-throughput sequencing technology. (Result) Most of the soil physical and chemical factors were not significantly different in different producing areas. The composition of microorganisms in each producing area was similar, and the diversity and richness of fungal dominant communities were different among different producing areas. In the bacterial community, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant bacterial phyla, and Subgroup_6, Pseudomonas and RB41 were the dominant bacterial genera; In the fungal community, Ba- sidiomycota, Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota were the dominant fungal phyla, and Hygrocybe, Sebacina and Mortierella were the dominant fungal genera. Redundancy analysis was performed on soil physical and chemical properties and microbial communities in the production are- a. Results showed that Actinobacteria highly significant positive correlation (P<0.01) with soil pH and elemental iron (Fe), while RB41, Nitrospira and Subgroup_6 significant negative correlation (P<0.05) with elemental total potassium (TK), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM), manganese (Mn) and sodium (Na); The fungus Mortierellomycota was positively correlated with soil total phosphorus (TP), Ascomycota was negatively correlated with soil total potassium (TK), total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM), and soil pH was posi- tively correlated with the dominant fungal community at most genus levels. [Conclusion] The study further confirmed that there is significant correlation between soil physical and chemical factors and microorganisms. Among them, soil pH, organic matter (OM), sodium (Na) and i- ron (Fe) are significantly correlated with most microbial communities in Chinese Cordyceps producing areas (P<0.05), which may be the key driving factors affecting microbial community structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the effects of environmental factors on bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil of wild Gymnadenia conopsea in Tibet. (Method) Therefore, four sampling sites were selected to collect soil samples, including the abandoned timber factory (FM), Linzhi viewing station (LZ), Linhai viewing station (LH), and the radar station (LD), and the high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the diversity and structure of bacterial community in rhizosphere soil of G. conopsea at different altitudes, and the effects of different environmental factors on the diversity and structure of bacterial community were analyzed. [Result] The total of 32 phyla, 90 classes, 224 orders, 378 families, and 693 genera were detected in all samples. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria and Acidobacteria were the dominant phyla, Bradyrhizobium and Chryseobacterium were the dominant genera. With the increase of altitude, the diversity and richness of rhizosphere soil bacterial community increased, and the difference between groups was greater than the difference within groups. [Conclusion] Altitude, TK, pH and EC significantly affected the bacterial community composition in rhizosphere soil at phylum level. Three environmental factors, namely TK, TP and altitude, had more obvious effects on bacterial community composition at genus level. Key words: Gymnadenia conopsea; Environmental factor; Rhizosphere soil bacteria; Community diversity; Community structure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the impacts of climate variables, environmental factors and environmental quality indicators on the range of Asystasia gangetica ssp. micrantha, and to offer a foundation for efficient management strategies. [Method) The MaxEnt ecological niche model was used to predict the potential suitable areas of A. gangetica ssp. micrantha in China. [Result] The annual precipitation of 2000-3500 mm, the annual average temperature of 25-26 °C, and the annual temperature variation range of 6-14 °C were the most suitable for the growth of A. gangetica ssp. micrantha, and the lowest temperature of the coldest month was 20-30 °C, and the average temperature of the coldest season was about 27 C, when A. gangetica ssp. micrantha could maintain the maximum growth efficiency, but it could still survive when the precipitation of the driest month was only 40 mm. The above results indicated that A. gangetica ssp. micrantha had the characteristics of thermophilic, cold-avoiding and drought-resistant. In terms of geographical distribution, A. gangetica ssp. micrantha was currently only found in Hainan, Taiwan and Guangdong provinces, but according to the simulation analysis of the current climate by the MaxEnt model, A. gangetica ssp. micrantha has suitable areas in some regions of Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Jiangxi, Sichuan and e- ven Tibet, indicating that these regions were at risk of being invaded by A. gangetica ssp. micrantha. Through the analysis of future climate, it can be concluded that the distribution range of A. gangetica ssp. micrantha in China was expanding, and the expanding areas were concentrated in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Fujian, Hainan and other places. (Conclusion] The growth and distribution of A. gangetica ssp. micrantha is the most easily affected by factors, such as annual temperature variation range, annual precipitation, annual average temperature, al- titude and so on. At present, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Yunnan, Hainan, Taiwan and other provinces are facing the invasion of A. gangetica ssp. micrantha, among which Taiwan's problem is the most serious, followed by Guangdong and Hainan, and the rest of the provinces have not found any records of its invasion. However, from the climate analysis, there is still a possibility of being invaded by A. gangetica ssp. mi- crantha in Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi and other places where there are medium and high suitable areas. Therefore, regional and key preven- tion and control plans should be formulated according to the characteristics and suitability levels of the prevention areas, and chemical and bi- ological control measures should be promoted in the invaded areas to prevent A. gangetica ssp. micrantha from spreading to neighboring are- as, while in the uninvaded areas, prevention and control measures should be formulated with emphasis on strengthening quarantine and expan- ding detection to prevent A. gangetica ssp. micrantha from spreading across regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The evolution characteristics and correlation degree of landscape pattern and carbon source/carbon sink in Karamay city were studied in order to provide reference for regional low-carbon development and adjustment of land use and optimization of land man- agement. (Method) Based on the remote sensing image data of Karamay city from 1995 to 2021, the paper uses Frastate4. 2 software to calculate the landscape pattern index, uses the carbon emission coefficient method to estimate the carbon source/carbon sink of land use, and uses the grey correlation model to measure the correlation between the two. [Result] (i) From 1995 to 2021, the landscape fragmentation of Kara- may city showed an upward trend, the largest patch type decreased continuously, the patch distance was dispersed, the landscape distribution was complicated, the segmentation degree was gradually serious, the landscape diversity changed from single to complex, and the landscape types tended to be diversified. (ii) From 1995 to 2021, the carbon source/carbon sink of Karamay city showed an upward trend. Because the amount of carbon source was significantly greater than the amount of carbon sink, Karamay city was finally the carbon source area and the net carbon emissions increased year by year. (iii) The increase of carbon emissions in Karamay city was closely related to the gradual seriousness of landscape segmentation in the study area, the complexity of landscape distribution, the dispersion of patch distance in the landscape and the continuous decrease of the largest patch area. [Conclusion] The landscape pattern of landscape level and patch type level in Karamay city is closely related to carbon emissions, and each landscape pattern index is the main factor affecting the change of carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The paper aimed to study the effect of overexpression of Panax notoginseng PASS gene on early blight resistance in potato. [Method] The PASS gene was cloned from the leaves of P. notoginseng and a phylogenetic tree of P. notoginseng PnSS and its homologs was constructed using neighbor-joining method. Potato Jianchuan hong' was transformed using Agrobacterium mediated method. Two transgenic lines were randomly selected and inoculated with the pathogen Alternaria alternata under natural conditions. The disease index was quantified, and the expression levels of the auxin synthesis gene StYUCCAS and the auxin efflux carrier encoding genes StPIN1 and StPIN2 were detected using PCR. [Result] The PASS gene was cloned from P. notoginseng, and the phylogenetic tree showed that the P. notoginseng PnSS and its P. ginseng homologous were in the same cluster, but was in a different cluster with its Solanaceae homologous. After the transformation of P. notoginseng PASS gene into potato, 12 transgenic lines were obtained. Two lines were randomly selected and inoculated with A. alternata. It was found that transgenic potato plants expressing PaSS showed resistance to early blight. Furthermore, the transgenic potatoes showed a decreased levels of StYUCCA8 and StPIN2 before and after the plants inoculated with A. alternata, and the expression level of SIPINI increased before transgenic plants were inoculated with A. alternata, while the expression level decreased after inoculation with A. alternata. [Conclusion] Overexpression of the PASS gene decreases the expression levels of auxin synthesis and auxin efflux carriers-related genes to promote the potato resistance to early blight, which establishes a theoretical basis for potato breeding to obtain potato line resistance to early blight using PaSS gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to study the effect of dietary supplementation with fibrous roots extract of Coptis chinensis and probiotics on growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, immune organ indices, intestinal tissue morphology, and cecal microbiota of Sanhuang chickens, which is helpful to guide the scientific breeding of livestock and poultry. [Method] Using Sanhuang chickens as the experimental subjects, four treatments were set up, with experimental group A as the control group and fed with basic diet; Experimental groups B, C and D were fed the basic diet supplemented with 4% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis +100 mg/kg Bacillus subtilis + 100 mg/kg Lactobacillus plantarum, 8% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis +100 mg/kg B. subtilis + 100 mg/kg L. plantarum, and 12% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis +100 mg/kg B. subtilis + 100 mg/kg L. plantarum, respectively. The differences in growth performance, serum biochemical indicators, immune organ index, intestinal tissue morphology and cecal microbiota of Sanhuang chickens were measured and comyzoyed. [Result] Adding 4% to 12% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis and probiotics to the diet significantly increased the average daily weight gain and significantly reduced the feed to weight ratio of Sanhuang chickens (P<0.05, the same as below), significantly reduced the content of AST, TG, and LDL-C in serum, significantly increased the thymus index, spleen index, and bursal index of Sanhuang chickens, significantly increased the villous height of the duodenum in Sanhuang chickens. Moreover, adding a combination of 8% to 12% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis and probiotics significantly increased the velvety to crypt ratio of the duodenum and ileum, and significantly increased the Observable_Species and Chaol richness indices of cecal microbiota in Sanhuang chickens; The Shannon and Simpson diversity indices were signifiecatly increased. Adding a combination of 4% to 12% fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis and probiotics significantly reduced the relative abundance of harmful bacterial groups belonging to Actinobacteria and Bacteroides, while significantly increase the abundance of probiotic genera including Ruminococcus, Coprococcus, and Oscillospira in the cecal microbiota of Sanhuang chickens. [Conclusion] Adding the fibrous roots extract of C. chinensis and probiotics to the diet can improve the growth performance of Sanhuang chickens, in- creased the average daily weight gain, reduce feed to weight ratio, improve lipid metabolism and liver health, promote the development of immune organs and intestinal morphology, promote the proliferation of probiotics in the intestine, inhibit the proliferation of harmful bacteria, enrich the microbiota of the cecum, and better maintain the health of Sanhuang chickens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective] The present paper aimed to explore the expression profiles of COL1A1 (Collagen type I alpha 1 chain) and COL1A2 (Collagen type I alpha 2 chain) genes in different tissues of sika deer, analyze their effects on tissue development of sika deer, and provide a basis for selecting candidate genes affecting important economic traits of sika deer. (Method) The expression levels of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes in heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, large intestine, small intestine, cecum, duodenum, rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum, longissimus dorsi, leg muscle and testis of male sika deer were detected by RT-qPCR. The biological information of COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes and their expression profiles in different tissues of sika deer were predicted and analyzed by NetPhos 3.1, Motif Search and ProtParam software. On the basis, the phylogenetic tree of COL1A1 and COL1 A2 amino acid sequences was constructed. [Result] CDS regions of COL1AI and COL1A2 genes encoded 1463 and 1364 amino acids, respectively, and the theoretical PI were 5.60 and 9. 19, respecсtively. Both COL1A1 and COL1 A2 were hydrophilic and stable proteins with signal peptides and phosphorylation sites. The secondary and tertiary structures of COL1A1 and COL1A2 proteins were composed of random coils. Compared with other animals, deer COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes had the highest homology and the closest relationship with ruminant goats, sheep and cattle. The homology of COL1AI of deer with goats, cattle and sheep was 99.5%, 99.5% and 99.2%, respectively. The homology of COL1A2 of deer with goats, cattle and sheep was 99.1%, 99.0% and 98.9%, respectively. The results of RT-qPCR showed that COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes were expressed in different tissues of sika deer. The expression of COL1A1 gene was higher in heart, longissimus dorsi and leg muscle, which was significantly higher than that in other tissues, while the expression of COL1A2 gene was higher in heart, liver, kidney and omasum, which was significantly higher than that in other tissues. In addition, the expression of COL1A1 was higher in muscle tissue, while the expression of COL1A2 was lower. The expression of COL1A1 and COL1A2 in other tissues had a trend of high and low and synergistic effect. [Conclusion] COL1A1 and COL1A2 may cooperatively maintain tissue structure and tissue development, which lays a foundation for further research on the effects of COL1A1 and COL1A2 on growth and development of sika deer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the impact of different beneficial bacteria on the micro-ecological environment of tobacco rhizosphere soil in long-term continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco, aiming to provide insights for enhancing continuous cropping soil quality and mitigating obstacles associated with consecutive planting. [Method] The physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, as well as structure and function of the microbial community in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil were analyzed using pot experiment and high-throughput sequencing technology. The analysis was conducted after long-term continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco with beneficial bacteria agents including Trichoderma harzianum agent T-22 (T1 treatment), Bacillus subtilis agent (T2 treatment), and a combination of T. harzanum agent T-22 and B. subtilis agent (T3 treatment). [Result] Compared with not applying beneficial bacteria (CK), the application of beneficial bacteria agents could enhance the availability of nutrients and enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soil of long-term continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco. Among the 10 environmental factors examined, available phosphorus (AP) content exhibited the highest contribution (4.97%) to bacterial community distribution in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil. Additionally, Alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (AN) content demonstrated the highest contribution (6.91%) to fungal community distribution, while sucrase (SC) activity ranked the second with a contribution of 6.75%; Application of beneficial bacteria agents could increase the diversity index of microbial community structure and the number of unique OTU in long-term continuous cropping tobacco rhizosphere soil; Application of beneficial bacteria agents could increase the abundance, diversity index of microbial community and number of bacteria endemic OTUs in rhizosphere soil of long-term continuous cropping flue-cured tobacco, and change the abundance of indicator species in rhizosphere soil of long-term continuous cropping fluecured tobacco, among them, Pseudomonas and Mortierella were identified as the indicator species for Tl treatment, with Sphingomonas (12. 2%) and Mortierella (25.0%) exhibiting high abundance. The abundance of the main metabolic pathways in the rhizosphere soil of longterm continuous cropping tobacco was decreased by single application of bacteria, but not by single application of fungi. The abundance of bacteria metabolic pathway in rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobacco could be increased by applying beneficial bacteria agent alone, while beneficial fungal agent along had the opposite effect. The abundance of fungal metabolic pathway in rhizosphere soil of flue-cured tobacco could be increased by applying beneficial fungal agent, beneficial bacteria agent and mixed agents. [Conclusion] The application of beneficial bacteria agents has positive impact on the micro-ecological environment of rhizosphere soil in long-term continuous flue-cured tobacco cultivation. Among them, T. harzianum T-22 demonstrates superior efficacy and can be effectively utilized for the prevention and control of obstacles associated with continuous cropping of flue-cured tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the effects of different mineral conditioners on the soil properties of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy fields and the Cd content of rice in Guangxi, so as to provide a reference basis for the utilization of paddy fields to produce safe rice. (Method) Calcium-magnesium-silicon conditioners A and B, calcium-silicon conditioner C and calcium-magnesium conditioner D(set up as treatments A, B, C and D, respectively) were selected to carry out Cd-contaminated field remediation and treatment experiments in a Cd-contaminated paddy field in Guangxi, and no n-conditioner was applied as control (CK). The pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total Cd and soil available Cd content, Cd content of rice roots, stems, leaves and seeds were determined at the rice maturity stage after the treatment to analyze the remediation and treatment effects of different mineral conditioners on Cd-contaminated paddy soils and the residual status of Cd in various parts of rice, and to analyze the correlation between soil total Cd content, CEC and pH and available Cd content. [Result] The application of mineral conditioner could significantly increase soil pH and CEC of Cd-contaminated paddy fields (P<0.05, the same as below), both of which were increased by 15.0% 16.6% and 20.4% -23.8% respectively compared with those of CK; And it could significantly reduce the Cd content in the available state of soil in Cd-contaminated paddy fields, which was decreased by 14.0%-19. 3% compared with that of CK. The soil available state Cd content of the paddy field after the application of mineral conditioners showed a significantly negative correlation with pH, and the correlation coefficient between the log In(pH) value of pH and the soil available state Cd content was 0. 4053; It showed a highly significantly negative correlation with CEC(P<0.01), and the correlation coefficient was 0.6326; With the increase in soil pH and CEC, the soil available state Cd content continuously decreased. The applications of mineral conditioners were all available in reducing the Cd content of rice roots, stems, leaves and seeds as well as the enrichment factor of Cd in the aboveground part of rice, in which the total Cd content of rice seeds was decreased by 35.9% 50.2%, and the enrichment factor of Cd in the aboveground part of rice (stems, leaves and seeds) was decreased by 19.5% -33.5%,32.1%-44.9% and 38.6%-52.6%, respectively. [Conclusion] The application of different mineral conditioners can significantly increase the pH and CEC of paddy soils, thereby reducing the Cd content in the active state of the soil, inhibiting the migration of Cd from the soil to the roots, stems, leaves, and seeds of rice, decreasing the Cd content in rice, and reducing the enrichment of Cd in the aboveground parts of rice (stems, leaves and seeds). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to investigate the mechanism of yield and carbon assimilates metabolism in cotton varieties of different genotypes in response to low phosphorus stress, and to provide a theoretical basis for the physiological regulation of cotton yield and quality under low phosphorus stress in production. (Method) In the study, a pot experiment was conducted with low phosphorus tolerant genotypes (BX014 and LuYuan343) and low phosphorus sensitive genotypes (FJA and DLNTDH), and low phosphorus (P1, 15 mg/kg), medium phosphorus (P2, 50 mg/kg), normal phosphorus (P3, 150 mg/kg), and high phosphorus (P4, 300 mg/kg) were used as the experimental materials. Four treatments were used to study the effects of different phosphorus application levels on dry weight, phosphorus uptake and utilization, yield traits, and carbohydrate metabolism of cotton bolls and their correlation between carbon assimilates metabolizing enzyme activities and yield. [Result] (i) Under low phosphorus stress, the dry weight accumulation of different organs, phosphorus accumulation, plant height, number of fruiting branches, number of fruiting nodes, number of bolls, weight of bolls, seed cotton yield, lint yield and clothing fraction of cotton would be significantly reduced, while the phosphorus utilization efficiency and boll abscission rate would be significantly increased, and there was a significant reciprocal effect between different phosphorus treatments and varieties. (ii) Carbohydrate content in boll-opposed leaves was the key substance in response to low phosphorus stress; Under low phosphorus treatment, with the increase of phosphorus content, cotton boll-opposed leaves sucrose and soluble sugar content generally showed a decreasing trend, and the activities of phospho-sucrose synthetase (SPS) and sucrose synthetase (SuSy) showed a tendency to increase firstly and then decrease. (iii) Under P1, P2 and P4 treatments, the cotton dry weight, phosphorus accumulation, phosphorus utilization efficiency and yield indexes of the low phosphorus tolerant genotypes were significantly higher than those of the low phosphorus sensitive genotypes, and the response to low phosphorus stress was not uniform, showing strong low phosphorus tolerance; And the activities of SPS and SuSy were significantly higher than those of the low phosphorus sensitive genotypes, and the difference in the enzyme activities might be one of the reasons for the low phosphorus tolerance of low phosphorus tolerant genotypes. The differences in enzyme activities may be one of the reasons for low phosphorus tolerance in low phosphorus tolerant genotypes. (iv) The correlation analysis of the traits showed that lint yield was extremely significant positive correlated with boll weight (correlation coefficient was 0.95), SPS (correlation coefficient was 0.96) and SuSy activity (correlation coefficient was 0.99), respectively. [Conclusion] Higher SPS and SuSy activities in the opposite leaves of cotton bolls of low phosphorus tolerant genotypes under low phosphorus stress maintain the ability of sucrose synthesis, which in turn promotes the redistribution of sugar, thus ensuring the production and accumulation of dry matter under low phosphorus conditions and thus increasing lint yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimed to analyze the impact of varying degrees of drought stress treatments on the physiological parameters of Indigofera pseudotinctoria, preliminarily evaluate the drought-resistant physiological responses of these materials, and provide a foundational reference for the selection and genetic improvement of drought-resistant germplasm in I. pseudotinctoria. [Method] 36 wild J. pseudotinctoria germplasm resources collected in Chongqing area were used as experimental materials. Pot cultivation was used to start drought treatment when 1. pseudotinctoria seedlings grew to the 90th day, and measure the content of osmoregulatory substances, relative water content, and antioxidant enzyme activity in the leaves of I. pseudotinctoria under 0 days of stress (control group CK, the relative soil water content was 80%-85% of the field water capacity), 7 days of stress (moderate drought, soil relative moisture content was 40%-50% of the field water capacity), and 14 days of stress (severe drought, soil relative moisture content was 20%-25% of the field water capacity). Drought resistance coefficients, membership functions and cluster analysis were applied for a comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance. [Result] Under drought stress conditions, we observed a wide variation in physiological responses among the 36 1. pseudotinctoria germplasms, leading to significant differences in their drought resistance capabilities. Comparative analysis of mean values for various parameters showed that, in comparison to the control group, osmotic adjustment substances such as malondialdehyde (MDA), soluble protein (SP), and proline (Pro) increased with the severity of drought. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) exhibited a convex trend as drought severity intensified, while relative water content (RWC) decreased with increasing drought stress. Among the seven parameters measured, peroxidase (POD) activity showed the largest coefficient of variation, while relative water content (RWC) displayed the smallest variation. Using membership function analysis, comprehensive D-value assessment, and cluster analysis, we categorized the drought resistance of the 36 1. pseudotinctoria germplasms into two distinct groups: Drought-resistant (comprising 8 germplasms) and sensitive (comprising 28 germplasms). Further examination of physiological indicators between these two groups revealed that drought-resistant germplasms exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity and osmotic adjustment substance Pro content compared to their sensitive counterparts. Conclusion] Under drought stress conditions, the physiological responses of the 36 1. pseudotinctoria germplasm resources displayed significant diversity and variation. Among the 36 1. pseudotinctoria germplasms, 8 germplasms were classified as drought-resistance by a comprehensive evaluation analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aimes to study the effects of intercropping on dry matter accumulation, nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization of maize and soybean, and to clarify the mechanism, which has important guiding significance for realizing high yield and high efficiency of maize and soybean intercropping. [Method] Three planting methods were set up in the experiment, namely, maize single cropping, soybean single cropping and maize and soybean intercropping. Nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of maize plants at widemouth stage, spinnery stage and maturity stage, and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of soybean plants at flowering stage, pod stage and maturity stage were measured respectively. The characteristics of dry matter accumulation and nitrogen and phosphorus absorption accumulation of different organs of maize and soybean were studied by intercropping, and the marginal effects of nitrogen and phosphorus absorption and utilization were clarified. [Result] Intercropping decreased the accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen and phosphorus, and promoted the distribution of nitrogen from roots to grains compared with single cropping. The dry matter accumulation of soybean was reduced, especially the influence on the middle row was greater than that on the side row, and the dry matter and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation on the side row showed marginal effect advantage. Compared with the mono-cropping system, intercropping reduced the nitrogen transfer amount of vegetative organs in stems and leaves of corn and soybean plants by 22. 13% and 29.85%, respectively, and the contribution rate of transport nitrogen to corn kernel nitrogen decreased by 5.11% and 17.45%, respectively, and the contribution rate of root nitrogen absorption to grain nitrogen was higher than that of transport nitrogen to grain nitrogen. Intercropping could effectively improve the nitrogen use efficiency of the system, which was 2.34% and 4.62 times higher than that of corn and soybean monocropping, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency of the system was 26.82% higher than that of soybean monocropping, and 10. 16% lower than that of corn monocropping. Corn occupied the dominant position in the system yield, accounting for 82.27% of the system yield, and LER reached 1.47. The system yield was 13 110 kg/hm², which was 3.96% lower than that of monocroping maize. [Conclusion] The main advantage of intercropping is to promote the distribution of nitrogen absorbed by roots to grains and improve the efficiency of nitrogen use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] The present paper aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms and associated regulatory networks involved in endo- sperm development for the tropical maize inbred line. (Method) The study employed high-throughput RNA-Seq sequencing technology to compare the endosperm transcriptome of the tropical inbred maize line ZOL-1 at six stages after pollination, including 5 (day after pollination), 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days. Differentially expressed genes were annotated with KEGG and GO functions, and time-series analysis was conducted on genes with an average FPKM value greater than 1. [Result] The endosperm development of the maize inbred line ZOL-1 exhibited the fastest growth rate in grain length, width, and thickness at 25-30 days after pollination, with growth rates reaching 15.9%, 16.1% and 10.2%, respectively. Following transcriptome sequencing and comparison with the reference genome, the percentage of filtered reads was at least 83.99%, indicating good sequencing quality and assembly. A total of 7129, 5252, 4254, 775 and 312 differentially ex- pressed genes were identified between 10 d_VS_5 d, 15 d_VS_10 d, 20 d_VS_15 d, 25 d_VS_20 d and 30 d_VS_25 d, based on the sequential comparison system approach. GO functional annotation indicated that the differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in cell differentiation process, metabolic process, catalytic activity and organelles. KEGG functional enrichment analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in pathways related to energy metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, carbon metabolism, amino acid metabolism, signal transduction, and other processes associated with endosperm development. Through time-series analysis of genes with an FPKM mean greater than 1, 19 554 genes were classified into 10 clusters. In Cluster 7, eight starch synthase-related genes were identified, showing a significant increase in expression starting at the 15-day period and maintaining a high expression level thereafter. (Conclusion] The regulation of endosperm development in maize self-incompatible lines appears to be primarily governed by the expression of down-regulated genes. The developmental pattern of the endosperm undergoes a significant change before and after 15 days, indicating a transcriptome reprogramming. Additionally, the study identifies eight genes associated with maize starch biosynthesis, providing valuable insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of endosperm development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(Objective) Amylose content is a key trait affecting the quality of glutinous rice. The present paper aimed to analyze the important significance of its genetic basis for rice quality improvement. (Method) In the study, we constructed the BC2F4 and BC2F5 backcross genetic generation populations of Pinnuo R191/Jinguisimiao//Jinguisimiao///Jinguisimiao' in a genetic background carrying the wxwx gene, and used the group segregation analysis method to SNP-type both parents and the high and low pooled populations using the GSR40K rice Gene- Chip, candidate genes affecting amylose content in rice were anchored according to the analysis results. (Result) Two candidate gene segments controlling amylose content were located on chromosome 5 from 0.04 to 0.37 Mb and chromosome 12 from 17.53 to 24.09 Mb. 14 pairs of polymorphic SSR markers and SNP markers were screened from the candidate intervals of chromosome 12, and the genetic linkage map was constructed by using QTL IciMapping software. By using Inclusive Composite Interval Mapping (ICIM), QTL qAC12 affecting amy- lose content was detected in the interval of N21774-A24633 with an interval distance of 3.46 Mb. The mean contribution rate to amylose content was 14. 10%, and the additive effect value was -0.11. For the analysis of candidate QTL at the end of chromosome 5, based on the genotyping results of the predicted interval marker Zc15_167, combined with the phenotype estimation, the contribution rate of QTL qAC5 to the phenotype of amylose content was 9.83%, and the additive effect value was 0. 156. 【Conlusion】 The amylose content of rice is not only regulated by Wx gene, but also closely related to other QTLs genes. It is of great significance for the breeding of new varieties of high quality rice to excavate and analyze its genetic basis. In the study, the micropotent QTL on chromosome 12 and chromosome 5 affecting amylose content of glutinous rice is identified, which can be helpful for molecular marker-assisted breeding of amylose content of glutinous rice, and has good practical value for reducing amylose content of glutinous rice and improving the quality of glutinous rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the occurrence form of cadmium (Cd) accumulation in soil aggregates of Cd-contaminated brown calcareous soil matrices of paddy fields in the Karst area of northwestern Guangxi, and to provide data reference for safe rice production in this type of Cd-contaminated paddy fields in the region. 【Method】The sampled soil aggregates were separated into five aggregates as ＞ 2.000 mm, 1.000-2.000 mm, 0.050-1.000 mm, 0.074-0.250 mm and ＜0.074 mm, the composition of soil aggregates particle size, Cd content of different particle size aggregates and their main occurrence patterns from 0-20, 20-30, 30-50 and 50-80 cm depth profiles in the Karst area of northwest Guangxi were studied.【Result】The proportion of 0.250-1.000 mm size aggregates in each profile was stable, above 30.00%, with no significant difference between profiles (P＞0.05), the proportion of ＞2.000 mm size aggregates in the 0-20 cm soil profile (tillage layer) was the largest (40.20%), and as the depth of the profile increased, the proportion of ＞2.000 mm size aggregates decreased rapidly, and the proportion of ＜0.250 mm size aggregates showed a gradual increasing trend. Analysis of the Cd content of agglomerates of different particle sizes showed that, in 0-20, 20-30 and 30-50 cm soil profiles, Cd was mainly enriched in ＞2.000 mm particle size aggregates, with contents as high as 2.22, 1.66 and 0.95 mg/kg, respectively, and in the 50-80 cm soil profile, Cd was mainly enriched in 1.000-2.000 mm particle size aggregates. ＞2.000 mm particle size aggregates contributed most to the whole soil Cd content in the 0-30 cm soil layer. The occurrence form of Cd in the aggregates at different profile depths showed obvious differences, the proportion of Cd in aggregates of all particle sizes in the 0-20 cm profile was mainly in the organic matter binding state, with the smallest proportion of Cd in the exchangeable state (except for ＜0.074 mm particle size aggregates), and the proportion of Cd in the exchangeable state in the aggregates increased greatly with the increase of the depth of the profile, when the profile depth was increased to under 30 cm, the Cd in the aggregates mainly existed in carbonate bound state, and with minimal content in the residue lattice state.【Conclusion】In the typical Cd-contaminated brown calcareous soil matrices of paddy fields in the Karst area of northwestern Guangxi, the Cd is mainly enriched in aggregates of ＞2.000 mm and 1.000-2.000 mm particle size, the Cd in the aggregates of each particle size in the 0-20 cm tillage soil is mainly in the form of organic matter bound state, and with the smallest proportion in the form of exchangeable state. With the increase of the profile depth, the proportion of exchangeable Cd increases greatly, while the proportion of Cd in the stable form decreases significantly. Therefore, in the actual production process, it should focus on improving the content of large particle size soil aggregates and avoiding excessive intensive ploughing and deep tilling, reducing the exchangeable state Cd content in the ploughed soil, and ultimately reducing the risk of excessive Cd in rice during rice production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to study the histological characteristics of the ovaries, the changes in concentration of vitellogenin and nutrient metabolism level of Procambarus clarkii under the stress of sunning field, explore the relevant mechanism of nutrient changes during ovarian maturation process of P. clarkii, and the results provided a reference for the improvement and standardization of the production operation of P. clarkii ovary maturity which was promoted by environmental stress in sunning field.【Method】The experimental subjects were divided into sunning field group P. clarkii and control group P. clarkii. The female P. clarkii were collected at 0, 3, 7 and 10 days of the sunning field stress respectively. At each sampling time point, the ovaries were taken for paraffin section and HE staining. The ovaries, hepatopancreas and serum of samples were collected, of which the expression and concentration of vitellogenin mRNA and the level of nutrient metabolism were detected. 【Result】Under the sunning field stress, four ovarian development stages were identified, including the pre-vitellogenesis stage (stage Ⅰ, ovary was yellow, oocyte diameter 150-250 μm), primary vitellogenesis stage (stage Ⅱ, ovary was orange, oocyte diameter 250-600 μm), secondary vitellogenesis stage (stage Ⅲ, ovary was brown, oocyte diameter greater than 600 μm), mature stage (stage Ⅳ, ovary was dark brown, oocyte diameter greater than 1000 μm). At 0 days of the stress, the ovarian maturation rate of female P. clarkii in the sunning field group was similar to that in the control group. At 10 days of experiment, the ovarian maturation rate of the female P. clarkii in the sunning field group rose to 96.67%, while the control group rose to 60.00%. With stress time increasing, the relative expression of vitellogenin mRNA in the ovaries and hepatopancreas of the control group and the sunning field group increased, of which vitellogenin mRNA in the hepatopancreas was greater than that in the ovaries. Over the time of experiment, the total expression level of vitellogenin mRNA of the hepatopancreas in the sunning field group and the control group was greater than that in the ovary, and the contribution rate of the hepatopancreas was greater than that of the ovary. The concentration of vitellogenin in the ovary, hepatopancreas, and serum in the sunning field group and the control group increased over time. The concentration increase of vitellogenin in the sunning field group was significantly higher than that in the control group. There was extremely significant positive correlation between hepatopancreas vitellogenin concentration and ovary vitellogenin concentration, between hepatopancreas vitellogenin concentration and serum vitellogenin concentration, between ovary vitellogenin concentration and serum vitellogenin concentration (P＜0.01). With stress time increased, hemocyanin (Hem), total protein (TP), lactic acid (LA) and glucose (Glu) content in female P. clarkii of both groups all showed a decreasing trend, the decrease range of sunning field group was greater than control group; And contents of triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (TC) showed an increasing trend, and the increasing range of sunning field group was greater than that of control group.【Conclusion】Four developmental stages in ovaries of P. clarkii were identified during environmental stress of sunning field. As stress time passed by, the relative expression and concentration of vitellogenin mRNA in different tissues of P. clarkii increased, of which contribution rate in hepatopancreas was greater than that in ovary. The contents of Hem, TP, LA, and Glu decrease, and the contents of TG and TC increase in P. clarkii, indicating that environmental stress of sunning field has a positive effect on ovarian development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

【Objective】The present paper aimed to examine the effects of enhanced UV-B radiation, nitrogen addition and their interaction on the interspecific competition between invasive weed Alternanthera philoxeroides and its native accompanying species Digitaria sanguinalis, providing reference for the control of invasive plants under the global change.【Method】According to the de Wit substitution test method, we totally set two experimental factors that contained the treatment method（nitrogen addition, UV-B radiation, nitrogen × UV-B） and the species（A. philoxeroides, D. sanguinalis） on the mono and mixed potting cultures, measured the total biomass, morphology, pigment, and photosynthetic fluorescence of these two studied plant species, and then used the two-way ANOVA and the least significant difference（LSD） multiple comparisons to examine the differences of above indicators with different treatment combinations.【Result】（i） In the monoculture, nitrogen addition led to a significant increase in the maximum stem length of plants and leaf area of D. sanguinalis by 207.154% and 297.643%, and a significant decrease in the total biomass and qp＿Lss of A. philoxeroides by 40.612% and 52.381%, respectively. UV-B radiation led to a significant increase in the maximum stem length of plants, QY＿max and QY＿Lss of A. philoxeroides by 117.607%, 404.459% and 835.714%, respectively, and a significant decrease in the QY＿Lss of D. sanguinalis by 45.605%. The interaction effect led to a significant decrease in the total biomass of A. philoxeroides and QY＿max of D. sanguinalis by 79.310% and 18.984%, and a significant increase in the QY＿max of A. philoxeroides by 685.350%, respectively. The interaction effect also led to an opposite trade-off of F0 and QY＿Lss between these two studied plant species.（ii） In the mixed culture, nitrogen addition led to a significant increase in the leaf area and Chla of D. sanguinalis by 254.259% and 53.018%, respectively, and a significant decrease in the root length and Chla of A. philoxeroides by 76.051% and 12.084%, respectively. UV-B radiation led to a significant increase in the Chla of A. philoxeroides by 45.434%. The interaction effect led to a significant decrease in the root length of A. philoxeroides by 58.824%. 【Conclusion】Nitrogen addition relatively increased the competitive advantage of D. sanguinalis in terms of biomass and morphology, but UV-B radiation weakened its photosynthetic activity and increased the chlorophyll content of A. philoxeroides. Furthermore, UV-B radiation and its interaction with nitrogen addition significantly increased the actual photochemical efficiency of A. philoxeroides. Thus, we should strengthen the monitoring of A. philoxeroides invasion under global change, to prevent the interaction of multiple factors aggravating the competitive substitution of native plants by this invader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective】The paper aims to establish a model predicting the growth, development stages, and harvesting period of soilless-cultivated greenhouse roses, thereby providing theoretical support for the regulation of environmental factors in the cut rose production process.【Method】In the study, three distinct cut rose varieties with significant differences in growth cycles, namely ‘Loshen’‘Huanlesong’ and ‘Fenhongxueshan’, were selected for soilless cultivation in plastic greenhouse tunnels in Malong district, Qujing city. Data on growth and development were collected over five periods, accompanied by concurrent records of light radiation and temperature during 2021-2022. By analyzing the growth cycle characteristics of cut roses, the study established a predictive model based on the physiological product of thermal effectiveness and PAR（PTEP） to describe the growth and development stages of cut roses. Subsequently, the constructed growth model was validated using independent data.【Result】Cut roses required physiological thermal accumulations of 22.08, 29.41 and 38.89 MJ/m² during the pruning to bud, bud to flowering, and flowering to harvest stages, respectively. The predictive model for the growth and development stages of cut roses, constructed in the study, was based on PTEP. At various growth and development stages of cut roses, the simulated predicted values of the model exhibit good consistency with the measured values. The 1∶1 linear regression standard errors（RMSE） between model-predicted values and measured values were 0.7, 6.5 and 9.4 days, demonstrating the accuracy of the model predictions.【Conclusion】Considering the combined effects of light radiation and temperature, the model developed in the study can predict the timing of various growth and development stages of cut roses, as well as the harvest period for cut flower products. With this model, growers can make precise adjustments to light and temperature in the greenhouse, effectively regulating the growth cycle of cut rose products. The study not only provides a scientific foundation for the production of cut rose products in greenhouse soilless cultivation but also offers valuable technical support for growers in formulating practical production plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]