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• Proposed architectures of the roof-top solar PV system, and the cluster of four PVs on different buildings based microgrid. • The centralized controller is used in the proposed microgrid system. The control techniques of the bidirectional VSCs, used of interfacing the PV, BESS, load, and microgrid, have been developed for managing power balance in the proposed system. • Developed control technique of the bidirectional single-phase VSC, using feed-back and feed-forward control signals, is suggested into rotating dq SRF, with dual controllers for controlling ac current/voltage. • Control technique of the BDC for BESS are proposed using two voltage controllers and one current controller, for controlling the charging and discharging operation of the BESS to fulfil the power mismatch in its own building as well as in other building(s) integrated to the microgrid. •. Power control algorithms are also proposed for balancing the power in the roof-top PV system as well as cluster of four roof-top PVs. This paper presents the control techniques for the operation of roof-top solar photovoltaics based single-phase ac microgrid in islanded mode. The proposed microgrid consists of four roof-top photovoltaics on various buildings, battery energy storage system in each building, and loads. In each building, the roof-top photovoltaic system is connected to the single-phase ac loads and proposed single-phase ac microgrid through the two-stage converter, which consists of dc-dc boost converter and bidirectional single-phase voltage source converter. A bidirectional dc-dc converter is used to connect the battery energy storage system to the photovoltaic system. The control technique of the bidirectional single-phase voltage source converter, using the feed-forward and feed-back control signals, has been suggested into a rotating d-q synchronous reference frame, with the dual controllers, for controlling the power mismatch and rated sinusoidal ac voltage of the microgrid. The control technique of the bidirectional dc-dc converter, used for the battery energy storage system, is implemented with two voltage controllers and one current controller for managing of the power mismatch in the proposed microgrid system. In this work, the power control algorithms have also been developed, which are aimed to manage the power balance in the single roof-top PV based building as well as in the proposed microgrid, under islanded mode, for various operating scenarios including fault condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas sensors are extensively employed for monitoring and detection of hazardous gases and vapors. Many of them are produced on rigid substrates, but flexible and wearable gas sensors are needed for intriguing usage including the internet of things (IoT) and medical devices. The materials with the greatest potential for the fabrication of flexible and wearable gas sensing devices are two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting nanomaterials, which consist of graphene and its substitutes, transition metal dichalcogenides, and MXenes. These types of materials have good mechanical flexibility, high charge carrier mobility, a large area of surface, an abundance of defects and dangling bonds, and, in certain instances adequate transparency and ease of synthesis. In this review, we have addressed the different 2D nonmaterial properties for gas sensing in the context of fabrication of flexible/wearable gas sensors. We have discussed the sensing performance of flexible/wearable gas sensors in various forms such as pristine, composite and noble metal decorated. We believe that content of this review paper is greatly useful for the researchers working in the research area of fabrication of flexible/wearable gas sensors. [Display omitted] • Comprehensive review of 2D materials for gas sensing applications. • Discussing of flexible and wearable 2D gas sensors. • Explanation of gas sensing mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]