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Poor adhesion between silver nanomaterials and substrates seriously restricts the development of electronic composite devices. In this work, flexible and conductive silver nanowires/fibroin/degummed silk (AgNWs/fibroin/dSF) composite fibers with high adhesion and conductivity via capillarity-assisted assembly for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding are designed and fabricated by a facile and scalable all-solution dip-coating method. The nanocomposite fiber possesses high conductivity with a resistance of 8.8 Ω/cm at a low AgNWs/fibroin loading of 19.3 wt%. The assistance of the capillary force in the fiber highly increases the mass of deposited AgNWs. Furthermore, the AgNWs show high adhesion on the fibers in the tape-peel test. The enhanced deposition factors and mechanisms are detailly investigated. Moreover, the composite fibers are further woven into a soft and flexible fabric. The composite fabric shows an absorption-dominated EMI shielding performance with an efficient shielding effectiveness of 38 dB. The capillarity-assisted assembly is an attractive procedure for constructing high-conductive and uniform coatings for a wide application. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A highly sensitive and strain-insensitive fiber-based wearable temperature sensor. • A conductive ligand chemically grafts onto the surface of silver nanowires. • Theoretically calculate the electrical conductivity properties of the ligands. • Silver nanowire network shows high conductivity with decreased junction resistance. • Modified silver nanowires tightly absorb on a stretchable covering yarn. The real-time monitoring of human temperature can facilitate efficient family health supervision, disaster diagnosis, and treatment. To meet these requirements, there is an urgent need to develop fibre-based temperature sensors with high sensitivity, fast response rates, and excellent stability. This study investigated the positive temperature characteristics of a stretchable and strain-insensitive temperature sensor with a chemically modified silver nanowire (AgNW). The regulation of the surface polymer on the AgNWs using a conductive ligand of polyaniline-L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride (PANI-LCO) improved the network conductivity by decreasing the junction resistance. In addition, the pristine flexibility and helicoid structure of a spandex polyurethane (SP) covered yarn substrate proved advantageous for the ultra-stretchability of the temperature sensor. Therefore, the synergistic effect of the PANI-LCO-AgNWs and the substrate endowed the composite fibre-based temperature sensor with a high-temperature coefficient of resistance (TCR) of 47.4%/°C and a high stretchability of up to 120%. Furthermore, this study investigated the actual characteristics of the sensor required for the high-performance monitoring of human temperatures. Moreover, theoretical calculations of the electrical distribution of the PANI-LCO ligands further confirmed the experimental chemical modification. A fibre-based temperature sensor can be integrated and woven or sewn onto a cloth or glove with high adaptability. This work provides an efficient strategy to control the surface chemical structure of metal nanomaterials as well as the design of fibre-based temperature sensors that are promising for wearable healthcare management systems, artificial intelligence, electronic skin, and smart robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) is a widely used brominated flame retardant that has attracted environmental concern due to its abundant presence in water. The objective of this study is to systematically analyze the direct photolysis and degradation mechanisms of TBBPS in two different dissociation forms in water, as well as to evaluate their toxicological effects induced by •OH, 1O 2 , and •NO 2 radicals. The degradation mechanism of TBBPS is investigated with density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) methods, and the toxicity of the degradation products is assessed through toxicological studies. The results of the study indicate that the OH-addition and H-abstraction reactions are favorable pathways for •OH-induced TBBPS degradation. The H-abstraction reaction of TBBPS0 with •OH was more favorable than the •OH addition reaction. However, in the degradation of TBBPS−, the •OH addition reaction was favored over the H-abstraction reaction. Additionally, the indirect photolysis of TBBPS by 1O 2 and •NO 2 in water was found to be easier for TBBPS− compared to TBBPS0, with degradation mechanisms involving Br-substitution and NO 2 -addition reactions. The higher E a values calculated indicate that the degradation of TBBPS by 1O 2 and •NO 2 in water has been a secondary reaction. The direct photolysis reaction pathway of TBBPS in water has involved the cleavage of the S1–C7 and S1–C16 bonds. For TBBPS0 in the S 1 /T 1 states, the primary reaction pathway is the cleavage of the S1–C16 bond, while for TBBPS−, the primary reaction pathway is the cleavage of the S1–C7 bond. Furthermore, the computational toxicology results indicate a slight increase in the toxicity levels of most products, highlighting the significance of investigating the degradation byproducts of TBBPS in greater detail. [Display omitted] • The cleavage of S1–C16 bond is the primary reaction path of TBBPS0 in S 0 /T 1 state. • The H-abstraction reaction of.•OH is easier to occur than the OH-addition reaction • 1O 2 and.•NO 2 plays a secondary role in the photodegradation of TBBPS • Most of the TBBPS degradation products are at a harmful level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nanowire-assisted electroporation (<3.0 V) was the main disinfection mechanism. • DV caused poor cell inactivation on cathode and cell adsorption-fouling on anode. • SWAV enabled effective cell inactivation and fouling resistance on both electrodes. • SWAV showed stable and efficient G- and G + inactivation in DI, tap and lake waters. • SWAV regulated cell migration, adsorption, inactivation, and desorption on nanowire. Nanowire-assisted electroporation is regarded as an effective point-of-use disinfection technique for drinking water, and its performance under direct voltage (DV, U) supply is limited by the poor bacterial inactivation on cathode and bacterial adsorption-fouling on anode. Herein, square-wave alternating voltage (SWAV, ± U) was applied on nanowire electrodes to periodically reverse the cathodic/anodic polarity and their repulsions/attractions with bacterial cells, in turn promoting cell inactivation and fouling resistance. As compared with the gradual decrease in cell inactivation by the biofouling on nanowire anode under DV supply, SWAV supply enabled stable and efficient disinfection with ∼ 2 log higher cell inactivation and ∼ 3 times lower energy consumption (0.32–11.3 Wh/m3/log at 1.0–3.0 V) for various G- (Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter schindleri) and G+ (Enterococcus faecalis and Bacillus cereus) bacteria in deionized water, tap water and lake water. The cell morphology observation, flow cytometry analyses, and quenching experiments of reactive species revealed that electroporation on nanowire interfaces with locally enhanced electric field was the main mechanism for bacterial inactivation under voltages below 3.0 V. It was revealed that reversion of electrophoretic and electrostatic attractions under SWAV supply regulated cell migration, adsorption and desorption on nanowire interface, resulting in cell inactivation and fouling resistance on both nanowire electrodes. This work opens an effective strategy for stable and efficient nanowire-assisted electroporation disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synergistic electroporation/chlorination was constructed to promote i-ARG removal. • DC-EP/Cl 2 promoted the damage of ARB cells for i-ARG leakage and removal. • DC-EP/Cl 2 decreased significantly the HGT frequency than individual treatment. • DC-EP/Cl 2 had much lower energy consumption for i-ARG removal in tap water. • DC-EP/Cl 2 exhibited excellent stability of i-ARG removal within 7-day operation. Conventional chlorination (Cl 2) is inefficient to eliminate intracellular antibiotic resistance genes (i-ARGs) of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) due to the chlorine permeation barrier and oxidative competition of cell wall/membrane. Herein, we proposed an efficient strategy by constructing synergistic nanowire-induced electroporation (DC-EP) and Cl 2 (DC-EP/Cl 2) with H 2 -reduced TiO 2 nanowire (TiO x NW) electrodes, attempting to promote i-ARG removal via DC-EP-induced cell damage for chlorine permeation and i-ARG leakage. DC-EP/Cl 2 (∼3.7 log and ∼ 60.5 J/L/log) exhibited excellent synergistic effects for ARB inactivation (Escherichia coli) and i-ARG removal (tet(W) , aac(3)-II , and bla TEM – 1), which achieved much larger i-ARG removal and lower energy consumption than the individual 1.5 V-DC-EP (∼0.05 log) and 10 mg/L-Cl 2 (∼0.5 log and ∼ 262.0 J/L/log). Analyses of i-ARG/e-ARG abundances, bacterial cell integrity, and cell morphology indicated that DC-EP-induced cell pores provided channels of chlorine permeation, which was accompanied with oxidative enlargement of cell pores for i-ARG leakage and subsequent degradation. DC-EP/Cl 2 exhibited 15–90 times lower frequency of horizontal gene transfer than the individual Cl 2 disinfection. The TiO x NW-based DC-EP/Cl 2 exhibited excellent stability of i-ARG removal (undetectable ARG abundance and ∼ 20.3 J/L/log) for treating 103 CFU/mL ARB-contaminated tap water within 7-day continuous operation, suggesting its great application potential to alleviate ARG dissemination risk for drinking water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The model of the LSTM was used to simulate transboundary streamflow temperature using an Open-Source database. • Operation of the cascade reservoirs was the dominant driver of the slight change in annual river temperature in the LMRB. • Cascade reservoir operation resulted in seasonal warming and cooling of the LMR, linearizing river temperature processes. The Lancang-Mekong River Basin (LMRB) is an important transboundary river basin containing large-scale cascade hydropower dams. There has been increasing interest in the cross-border impacts of cascade reservoirs and climate change on the water temperature of the LMRB. However, there remain limited related basin-scale quantitative studies. This study applied a deep learning method (Long short-term memory neural network, LSTM) to reconstruct the natural water temperature of the Lower Mekong River (LMR), which was compared with observation data influenced by dam operation. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of the dams and climate change on the dynamics of water temperature in the basin. The results showed that: (1) Climate change had a relatively minor effect on the water temperature of the LMRB, with the warming effect of climate change gradually increasing from upstream to downstream. (2) The operation of the cascade reservoirs has resulted in seasonal warming and cooling of water temperature, although the average annual water temperature of the LMRB has increased by 0.27–0.59 °C. (3) The slight increase in annual average water temperature due to reservoir operation gradually weakened from upstream to downstream. (4) The increase in annual river temperature became more pronounced from 2008 to 2016 with the completion of Xiaowan, Nuozadu, and other power stations. This study characterized the responses of streamflow temperature to climate change and cascade reservoirs and can act as a reference for water resources management and hydropower development in the LMRB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) encompass a collection of clonal hematopoietic malignancies distinguished by the depletion of peripheral blood cells. The treatment of MDS is hindered by the advanced age of patients, with a restricted repertoire of drugs currently accessible for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we found that ES-Cu strongly inhibited the viability of MDS cell lines and activated cuproptosis in a copper-dependent manner. Importantly, ferroptosis inducer IKE synergistically enhanced ES-Cu-mediated cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Of note, the combination of IKE and ES-Cu intensively impaired mitochondrial homeostasis with increased mitochondrial ROS, MMP hyperpolarized, down-regulated iron-sulfur proteins and declined oxygen consumption rate. Additionally, ES-Cu/IKE treatment could enhance the lipoylation-dependent oligomerization of the DLAT. To elucidate the specific order of events in the synergistic cell death, inhibitors of ferroptosis and cuproptosis were utilized to further characterize the basis of cell death. Cell viability assays showed that the glutathione and its precursor N-acetylcysteine could significantly rescue the cell death under either mono or combination treatment, demonstrating that GSH acts at the crossing point in the regulation network of cuproptosis and ferroptosis. Significantly, the reconstitution of xCT expression and knockdown of FDX1 cells have been found to contribute to the tolerance of mono treatment but have little recovery impact on the combined treatment. Collectively, these findings suggest that a synergistic interaction leading to the induction of multiple programmed cell death pathways could be a promising approach to enhance the effectiveness of therapy for MDS. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatic fibrosis is a complex chronic liver disease in which both macrophages and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play important roles. Many studies have shown that clodronate liposomes (CLD-lipos) effectively deplete macrophages. However, no liposomes have been developed that target both HSCs and macrophages. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of lipopolysaccharide-coupled clodronate liposomes (LPS-CLD-lipos) and the effects of liposomes size on hepatic fibrosis. Three rat models of hepatic fibrosis were established in vivo ; diethylnitrosamine (DEN), bile duct ligation (BDL), and carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4). Hematoxylin and eosin staining and serological liver function indices were used to analyze pathological liver damage. Masson's trichrome and Sirius red staining were used to evaluate the effect of liposomes on liver collagen fibers. The hydroxyproline content in liver tissues was determined. In vitro cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and immunofluorescence assays were used to further explore the effects of LPS modification and liposomes size on the killing of macrophages and HSCs. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that 200 nm LPS-CLD-lipos significantly inhibited hepatic fibrosis and the abnormal deposition of collagen fibers in the liver and improved the related indicators of liver function. Further results showed that 200 nm LPS-CLD-lipos increased the clearance of macrophages and induced apoptosis of hepatic stellate cells, significantly. The present study demonstrated that 200 nm LPS-CLD-lipos could significantly inhibit hepatic fibrosis and improve liver function-related indices and this study may provide novel ideas and directions for hepatic fibrosis treatment. • LPS modification enhances the scavenging effect of Clodronate liposomes on macrophages. • LPS-modified Clodronate liposomes with small particle can actively target HSCs. • LPS-modified Clodronate liposomes with small particle significantly inhibited the liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence and mortality rate of myocardial infarction are increasing per year in China. The polarization of macrophages towards the classically activated macrophages (M1) phenotype is of utmost importance in the progression of inflammatory stress subsequent to myocardial infarction. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1(PARP1) is the ubiquitous and best characterized member of the PARP family, which has been reported to support macrophage polarization towards the pro-inflammatory phenotype. Yet, the role of PARP1 in myocardial ischemic injury remains to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that a myocardial infarction mouse model induced cardiac damage characterized by cardiac dysfunction and increased PARP1 expression in cardiac macrophages. Inhibition of PARP1 by the PJ34 inhibitors could effectively alleviate M1 macrophage polarization, reduce infarction size, decrease inflammation and rescue the cardiac function post-MI in mice. Mechanistically, the suppression of PARP1 increase NLRC5 gene expression, and thus inhibits the NF-κB pathway, thereby decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and TNF-α. Inhibition of NLRC5 promote infection by effectively abolishing the influence of this mechanism discussed above. Interestingly, inhibition of NLRC5 promotes cardiac macrophage polarization toward an M1 phenotype but without having major effects on M2 macrophages. Our results demonstrate that inhibition of PARP1 increased NLRC5 gene expression, thereby suppressing M1 polarization, improving cardiac function, decreasing infarct area and attenuating inflammatory injury. The aforementioned findings provide new insights into the proinflammatory mechanisms that drive macrophage polarization following myocardial infarction, thereby introducing novel potential targets for future therapeutic interventions in individuals affected by myocardial infarction. Inhibition of PARP1 increased NLRC5 expression, and repressed NF-κB signaling with decreasing the production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, thereby suppressing M1 polarization, improving cardiac function, decreasing infarct area and attenuating inflammatory injury. [Display omitted] • PJ34 treatment post-MI enhances NLRC5, improving cardiac function and inflammation outcomes. • NLRC5 inhibition leans cardiac macrophages towards M1, affecting M2 minimally. • PARP1 inhibition via PJ34 ups NLRC5, curbs NF-κB, and improves heart recovery after MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A carboxymethylated and Na+ doped bacterial cellulose-based ionogel was prepared. • The CBCIG-Na exhibits high Seebeck coefficient, ionic conductivity and ionic power factor. • The CBCIG-Na shows high tensile strength, obvious adhesivity and high transparence. • A high thermovoltage of 264.36 mV is generated when wearing the i-TE device at ΔT = 1.2 K. Ionogels have a bright prospect for low-grade heat harvesting due to their advantages of non-volatility and high thermal stability. However, it is still challenging to develop ionogels with mechanical robustness and high thermoelectric properties. This work reports a carboxymethylated and Na+ doped bacterial cellulose-based ionogel (CBCIG-Na) with synergistically increased mechanical and thermoelectric performances. The enhancement of thermoelectric properties of ionogels is mainly attributed to the increase of ion transport pathways and the mobility difference between anions and cations in ionic liquid. After the modification, the CBCIG-Na ionogel with 0.5 mol% Na+ (CBCIG-Na 0.5%) exhibits high Seebeck coefficient (45.02 mV K−1), ionic conductivity (21.2 mS cm−1) and ionic power factor (4296.82 μW m−1 K−2) when the relative humidity (RH) is 85 %. This is the highest ionic power factor ever reported for bacterial cellulose-based ionogels. Moreover, the CBCIG-Na 0.5% shows high tensile strength (7.69 MPa) due to the larger 3D fiber network and enhanced intermolecular force, obvious adhesivity (9.28 kPa) and high transparence (76 %). After that, a flexible i-TE device containing 5 legs and packaged with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was constructed. A high thermovoltage of 264.36 mV is generated when wearing the i-TE device (5 legs) on the forearm at room temperature (ΔT = 1.2 K). The outstanding performances, environmentally friendly and low-cost characters of CBCIG-Na 0.5% ionogel indicating its great potential for low-grade heat harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitor with favorable power density and short charging time has attracted tremendous attention. However, its energy-storing capability is still far less than the battery's. Pseudocapacitive materials such as polypyrrole exhibit great potential in the high-capacitance devices. Here, pyrrole was in-situ polymerized on the hollow polyurethane thread (PPy/HPU), then the PPy/HPU acted as working electrode for the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole to construct PPy nanowires on its outer surface (EPPy-PPy/HPU thread). EPPy-PPy/HPU electrode with abundant PPy nanowires exhibits higher slope value of Δ J /2 vs. scan rates (1.43 mF cm−1) than the PPy/HPU's one (0.327 mF cm−1), indicating its larger active area for electrochemical reaction. Thus, EPPy-PPy/HPU performs a superior capacitance (475.9–221.3 mF cm−2 at 0.25–1.00 mA cm−2) than the PPy/HPU (249.1–92.5 mF cm−2). Two EPPy-PPy/HPU electrodes were penetrated by PVA/H 2 SO 4 gel electrolyte to assemble a solid-state supercapacitor (SSC), which presents a dominant diffusion-controlled capacitance, good rate capability (only falling from 36.25 to 29.5 mF cm−1) and stable energy density (0.915–1.286 μWh cm−1). This fiber-shaped SSC has great potential in the application of wearable energy storage devices. • The combination of spinning and multiple morphology regulation for electrode. • A hollow thread electrode with polypyrrole nanowires for supercapacitors. • Polypyrrole nanowires with good capacitive contribution and rate capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of a photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) is usually limited by its long pollutant degradation period. Here, two strategies were adopted to improve the PFC performance. On one hand, a ternary Z-scheme heterojunction photocatalyst (Bi 2 O 4 /Bi 2 WO 6 /C 3 N 4 qds) was used as the photoanode to promote the separation of photo-generated charge carriers, thereby improving the photocatalytic process. On the other hand, CuFe 2 O 4 was used as the photocathode to activate persulfate (PS) to further enhance pollutant degradation and electricity generation. The results indicated that, under visible light irradiation (45 min), the degradation efficiency of tetracycline by the coupling system of Bi 2 O 4 /Bi 2 WO 6 /C 3 N 4 qds-CuFe 2 O 4 + PS (PFCps) reached to 94.5%. The corresponding first-order kinetic constant was 8.13, 3.40, 3.34, and 1.89 times that of PS, Bi 2 O 4 /Bi 2 WO 6 /C 3 N 4 qds + PS, CuFe 2 O 4 + PS, and Bi 2 O 4 /Bi 2 WO 6 /C 3 N 4 qds-CuFe 2 O 4 , respectively. The highest maximum power density of the PFCps system was 37.0 μW·cm−2, which was 1.89 times that of the PFC of Bi 2 O 4 /Bi 2 WO 6 /C 3 N 4 qds-CuFe 2 O 4. The reactive species capturing experiments verified that ·OH, ·O 2 -, h +, and ·SO 4 - had positive effects on the tetracycline degradation. In addition, the mechanism involved in the PFCps system was proposed. This work provided a novel idea for the development of coupling technologies to treat antibiotic wastewater. [Display omitted] • A ternary Z-scheme heterojunction was prepared by combining Bi 2 O 4 , Bi 2 WO 6 and C 3 N 4 qds • The Z-scheme photocatalyst promoted electron transfer from photoanode to photocathode • PS activation was facilitated in this Z-scheme PFC with CuFe 2 O 4 as photocathode • PFC+PS system simultaneously enhanced TC degradation and electricity generation • ·OH, ·O 2 -, h +, and ·SO 4 - had positive effects on TC degradation in the PFC+PS system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the efficacious utilization of sludge as a subgrade filler through in-situ shallow stabilization, employing cementitious industrial waste materials including steel slag (SS), fly ash (FA), and calcium carbide residue (CCR) as binding agents. The primary emphasis lies in the evaluation of the macro unconfined compression strength of stabilized sludge over a seven-day curing period, facilitated by a quadratic polynomial response surface model to determine the optimal composite stabilizer (WZ01) proportions. Furthermore, an array of meticulous microstructural analyses encompassing X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy were undertaken to elucidate the development of internal cementitious products and the intrinsic mechanisms underpinning sludge stabilization in tandem with WZ01. The findings ascertain that the optimum WZ01 composition stands at SS: FA: CCR = 32:28:40. Prominent mineralogical constituents within the stabilized sludge encompass amorphous calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminate hydrate, and crystalline ettringite. The amelioration in stabilized sludge properties stems from intricate processes involving ion exchange, hydration reactions, and pozzolanic activities. Significantly, the WZ01 curing agent demonstrates heightened cost-effectiveness and environmental merits compared to conventional Portland cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]