Search

A 20-day sludge biodrying process was coupled with photocatalysis to improve biodrying efficiency and investigate the effect of photocatalysis on biodegradation. After biodrying, the moisture content in the coupled photocatalytic group (T CA) and the control group (T UCA) decreased from 63.61% to 50.82% and 52.94%, respectively, and the volatile solids content decreased from 73.18% to 63.42% and 64.39%, respectively. Neutral proteinase activity decreased by 9.38% and 28.69%, and lipase activity decreased by 6.12% and 26.17%, respectively, indicating that photocatalysis helped maintain neutral proteinase and lipase activities. The Chao1 and Shannon indices showed that photocatalysis increased fungal diversity and reduced bacterial richness and diversity. The β diversity clustering analysis indicated that the bacterial community structure during the thermophilic phase in T CA differed from that in T UCA. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes annotation showed that photocatalysis has the potential to promote the synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies. Biodrying coupled with photocatalysis can improve the dewatering of sludge without negatively affecting biodegradation. [Display omitted] • Photocatalysis was applied to sludge biodrying. • The negative effects of TiO 2 addition on biodegradation and microbial communities were not observed. • Coupled photocatalysis helped the maintenance of enzyme activity. • The functional metabolism of microorganisms was analyzed using KEGG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 11 clinical and subclinical cardiovascular indicators were assessed in 62,128 participants from Nanjing. • Heat waves can induce a variety of early cardiovascular risks or injuries within a week. • Risks or injuries included changes in blood pressure, heart rate, inflammation, blood viscosity, and cardiac enzymes. • Females and males showed distinct susceptibilities in different indicators. • Individuals with older age, abnormal BMI, or diabetes should be tightly concerned. Previous studies have related heat waves to morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases; however, potential mechanisms remained limited. Our aims were to investigate the short-term effects of heat waves on a series of clinical/subclinical indicators associated with cardiovascular health. Our study used 80,574 health examination records from the Health Management Center of Nanjing Zhongda Hospital during the warm seasons of 2019–2021, including 62,128 participants. A total of 11 recognized indicators of cardiovascular risk or injury were assessed. Air pollution and meteorological data were obtained from the Nanjing Ecological Environment Bureau and the China Meteorological Data Network, respectively. Heat waves were defined as a daily average temperature over the 95th percentile for three or more consecutive days from May to September. We used a combination of linear mixed effects models and distributed lag nonlinear models to assess the lagged effects of heat waves on clinical and subclinical cardiovascular indicators. Stratified analyses based on individuals' characteristics, including gender, age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, and hypertension, were also performed. Heat waves were related to significant changes in most indicators, with the magnitude of effects generally peaking at a lag of 0 to 3 days. Moreover, the cumulative percentage changes over lag 0–7 days were –0.82 % to –2.55 % in blood pressure, 1.32 % in heart rate, 0.20 % to 2.66 % in systemic inflammation markers, 0.36 % in a blood viscosity parameter, 9.36 % in homocysteine, and 1.35 % to 3.25 % in injuring myocardial enzymes. Interestingly, females and males showed distinct susceptibilities in different indicators. Stronger effects were also found in participants aged 50 years or over, individuals with abnormal BMI status, and patients with diabetes. Short-term exposure to heat waves could significantly alter clinical/subclinical cardiovascular indicator profiles, including blood pressure changes, increased heart rate, acute systemic inflammation, elevated blood viscosity, and myocardial injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Wind farm layout and collector system optimization are integrated in a double-layer joint-optimization framework. • Essential factors are modelled and integrated , including 3D seabed, multiple substations, and wind turbines' fatigue. • Layer-wise design of solving algorithms is implemented to suit the different problem natures. • The effectiveness of proposed method is verified by reducing the leverlized cost of energy on a benchmark offshore wind farm. Offshore wind power is continuously developing for renewable energy generation. Generally, the overall planning work of offshore wind farms (OWFs) is divided into wind farm layout optimization (WFLO) and wind farm collector system optimization (WFCSO), which focus on wind turbines' (WT) micro-siting and sea cables' network design, respectively. Traditionally, the optimizations on these two subproblems are isolated, which lacks the integral consideration of their co-effect on the optimal planning solution. Moreover, the practicability of these optimizations also remains at a low level, with key practical factors being largely overlooked for the sake of model simplicity. To fill these gaps, this article proposes a complete modelling of the joint-optimization problem for OWF planning with a double-layer optimization framework. It not only considers the interplay between WFLO and WFCSO, but also well integrates all the essential and practical parts together, including the impacts of 3D seabed geography, the scalability to multiple offshore substations, the reliability concerns of WTs' fatigue, and the layer-wise selection of solving algorithms to suit the different problem natures. The proposed optimization method is tested on a 50 WTs system through comparative studies, and the results verify the necessity of each designed part in the proposed joint planning model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]