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The first difunctional probe H-1 for detecting ONOO− and Zn2+ at the same time showed high selectivity, good anti-interference capability, lower detect limit and short response time to them. [Display omitted] • · A new difuctional probe H-1 for ONOO− and Zn2+ detection at the same time was obtained firstly. • ·H-1 showed good selectivity and strong anti-interference ability for detecting ONOO− and Zn2+. • ·H-1 could fast response to ONOO− and Zn2+ in 15 s. • ·H-1 was used to monitor the ONOO− and Zn2+ level in living cells. Peroxynitrite (ONOO−) is one of the most significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living cells. Zn2+ in living cells plays an essential part in different physiological processes. The abnormal concentration of ONOO− and Zn2+ in living cells are related to many kinds of diseases, such as anemia, epilepsy, diarrhea, Alzheimer's disease, and so on. The relationship of ONOO− and Zn2+ in living cells when the relative disease occurs remains unknown. So we develop the first probe H-1 for detecting ONOO− and Zn2+ at the same time. The probe H-1 shows high selectivity, good anti-interference capability, low detection limit and short response time to ONOO− and Zn2+. When the probe was applied to detect ONOO− and Zn2+ in HeLa cells, we could observe the fluorescence changing in the green and blue channels separately without interference in real time. It has the potential to employ the relation of ONOO− and Zn2+ in some disease mechanism research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). Developing specific imaging tools for BChE is now highly pursued because BChE has substantially similar biochemical properties to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) but distinct roles in AD. Inspired by the BChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of specific substrates (benzoylcholine, tetracaine, and cocaine) containing benzoyl group in physiological condition, a bioinspired probe PM1 with high specificity towards BChE was designed. The docking models indicated that PM1 could easily access the active center of BChE rather than AChE, showing the significance of benzoyl group in specific recognition of BChE. The control probes PM2–5 with smaller recognition groups displayed lower specificity to BChE than PM1 , showing the high efficiency of the bioinspired design strategy. The living cells experiments showed that PM1 signals were weakened by BChE inhibitor but not influenced by AChE inhibitor, which was in contrast to the performance of probe PM2–5 , showing the specific recognition of PM1 for BChE in biological system. Moreover, PM1 has been used to study the positive correlation between BChE level and cell apoptosis for the first time, and the further study showed that Aβ deposition could induce the increase in BChE level and accompany the occurrence of cell apoptosis. Notably, PM1 was successfully traced the enhancement of BChE activity in the brain slice of AD mouse model. Such a rational approach may provide a solid basis for designing specific probes with different properties to study BChE in biosystems. [Display omitted] • Inspired by the BChE-catalyzed hydrolysis of specific substrates, a bioinspired probe towards BChE was designed. • Screening probes with different recognition groups and the docking models showed rationality of our probe. • Probe PM1 has been used to study the positive correlation between BChE level and cell apoptosis for the first time. • The study showed that Aβ could induce the increase in BChE level and accompany the occurrence of cell apoptosis. • PM1 was successfully traced the enhancement of BChE activity in the brain slice of AD mouse model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfur dioxide (SO 2) is a significant gas signaling molecule in organisms, and viscosity is a crucial parameter of the cellular microenvironment. They are both involved in regulating many physiological processes in the human body. However, abnormalities in SO 2 and viscosity levels are associated with various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, respiratory diseases, neurological disorders, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Hence, it is essential to explore novel and efficient fluorescent probes for simultaneously monitoring SO 2 and viscosity in organisms. We selected quinolinium salt with good stability, high fluorescence intensity, good solubility and low cytotoxicity as the fluorophore and developed a highly sensitive ratiometric probe QQD to identify SO 2 and viscosity changes based on Förster resonance energy transfer/twisted intramolecular charge transfer (FRET/TICT) mechanism. Excitingly, compared with other probes for SO 2 detection, QQD not only identified HSO 3 −/SO 3 2− with a large Stokes shift (218 nm), low detection limit (1.87 μM), good selectivity, high energy transfer efficiency (92 %) and wide recognition range (1.87–200 μM), but also identified viscosity with a 26-fold fluorescence enhancement and good linearity. Crucially, QQD was applied to detect HSO 3 −/SO 3 2− and viscosity in actual water and food samples. In addition, QQD had low toxicity and good photostability for imaging HSO 3 −/SO 3 2− and viscosity in cells. These results confirmed the feasibility and reliability of QQD for HSO 3 −/SO 3 2− and viscosity imaging and environmental detection. We reported a unique ratiometric probe QQD for detecting HSO 3 −/SO 3 2− and viscosity based on the quinolinium skeleton. In addition to detecting HSO 3 −/SO 3 2− and viscosity change in actual water and food samples, QQD could also monitor the variations of HSO 3 −/SO 3 2− and viscosity in cells, which provided an experimental basis for further exploration of the role of SO 2 derivatives and viscosity in biological systems. [Display omitted] • A dual-function fluorescent probe was designed for detecting SO 2 and viscosity. • QQD had large Stokes shift of 218 nm and wide detection rang of 1.87–200 μM. • QQD showed high sensitivity and selectivity. • QQD achieved the dual colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent strategy. • QQD achieved the application of foods, water samples and living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The hydrogen sulfide NIR fluorescence probe (DCM-H 2 S) was designed and synthesized. • The probe DCM-H 2 S can specifically recognize H 2 S with a large emission wavelength (681 nm) and a large Stokes shift (121 nm). • The probe DHPC showed rapid response and high sensitivity (0.13 μM). • The probe DCM-H 2 S has been successfully applied to live cell imaging for real-time, dynamic tracking of exogenous and endogenous H 2 S. The signalling molecules of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) play an important role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, and its abnormal concentration causes Down's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. Thus, the development of an effective detection tool is of vital importance and challenge. In this paper, we synthesized a new "turn-on" hydrogen sulfide near-infrared fluorescent probe (DCM-H 2 S). Remarkably, this probe demonstrated an unanticipated level of selectivity for hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) over other analytes, rendering it suitable for the precise determination of H 2 S in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Expectedly, the probe exhibited unexpectedly heightened selectivity for H 2 S compared to other analytes, making it a viable option for the specific determination of H 2 S in both in vitro and in vivo applications. With the addition of H 2 S, the probe exhibited distinct turn-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence intensity alterations in the DMSO/H 2 O system, together with a high sensitivity (LOD = 0.13 μM) and large Stokes shift (121 nm). More importantly, the probe has been successfully applied to bioimaging for real-time, dynamic tracking of exogenous and endogenous H 2 S. The outcomes showed that the probe (DCM-H 2 S) provides a rapid and effective detection tool for monitoring H 2 S in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]