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Developing high-performing and scalable electrode materials for supercapacitors and batteries has been of tremendous interest for the world's forthcoming clean and renewable energy transition. As a versatile material, Two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) has been utilized in electrochemical energy storage (EES) applications due to its nitrogen-rich adsorption sites, cost-effective production, and tunable electronic structure. The electrochemical performance of pristine g-CN has been boosted by forming hybrid architectures with highly conductive carbon-based materials, such as graphene, reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, and beyond (e.g., MXene). Using such heterogeneous compositions for EES applications has significantly increased in recent years. This study reviews the g-CN/carbon nanomaterial (CNM) hybrids, considering the dimensionality in nanomaterials, and underscores the influence of the material's dimensionality and the synthesis/fabrication routes. The effect of structural and physicochemical changes on the electrode's electrochemical performance after hybridization is presented comparatively. Besides, the comprehensive review outlines challenges and future improvements in g-CN/CNM hybrid materials for outstanding developments in energy storage systems. [Display omitted] • Graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN)/carbon nanomaterial (CNM) hybrids are reviewed for supercapacitor and battery applications. • The impact of the CNM-type on the hybrid electrode's performance is examined through a chemical and physical perspective. • An overview of how hybrid electrode synthesis affects ion/electron transport, surface area, and porosity is provided. • Design-oriented control of the physicochemical properties for enhanced electrochemical performance is exemplified. • g-CN/CNM nanoarchitectures are emphasized as electrode materials with the potential for easy scalability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a simple and rapid microwave-assisted phosphorus-oxygen doped porous carbon (P/O-PC) preparation strategy is proposed using potassium citrate, Phytic acid (PA), and ethanol under air atmosphere. PA can be used as both a phosphorus source and a microwave absorbing agent. The P/O-PC500–0.75 has a large specific surface area of 905 cm2/g. P/O doping introduces defects into the carbon structure, which enhances the capacitance of the porous carbon. The P/O-PC500–0.75 demonstrates excellent capacitance values of 330 F/g and 389.4 F/g in 6.0 M KOH and 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 , respectively (1 A/g). In addition, the symmetrical supercapacitors assembled with the P/O-PC500–0.75 exhibit good electrochemical stability over 5000 cycles at 5 A/g, with a capacitance loss of only 3.6%. This microwave-assisted strategy offers simplicity in operation and low energy consumption, providing a new and efficient pathway to prepare carbon materials in a fast and simple manner. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using renewable biomass precursors to develop high-performance carbon electrodes is a promising approach for the advancement of supercapacitors. This work proposes a feasible strategy to prepare self-supporting flexible porous carbon nanofibers by electrospinning and carbonizing the mixture of cuttlefish ink, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). The impacts of cuttlefish ink precursor on the structure, elemental composition, and capacitance properties of carbon nanofibers have been studied. Herein, the unique structural advantage of cuttlefish ink can significantly optimize the porous structure of carbon nanofibers. Due to the hierarchical porous structure, large specific surface area, hollow channels and high nitrogen content, the carbon nanofibers offer a high specific capacitance of 364.8 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 current density, alongside desirable rate performance and cycle life. Furthermore, the carbon nanofiber electrode performs good mechanical flexibility. The flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on this electrode exhibits 14.1 Wh kg−1 energy density at 0.4 kW kg−1 power density, and 97.8% capacitance retention after 5000 cycles. The favorable capacitive properties make this carbon nanofiber material a potential candidate for supercapacitor electrodes. [Display omitted] • Electrospun porous carbon nanofibers (CPP–CNF) were prepared from cuttlefish ink. • CPP-CNF features hierarchical pores and hollow channels. • CPP-CNF is mechanically flexible with superior capacitive performance. • The flexible supercapacitor achieves high energy density and cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]