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To examine whether prenatal or concurrent household food insecurity influences associations between maternal and toddler fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. Application of a life-course framework to an analysis of a longitudinal dataset. Early childhood obesity prevention program at a New York City public hospital. One-hundred and fifty-six maternal-toddler dyads self-identifying as Hispanic or Latino. Maternal and toddler FV intake was measured using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention dietary measures when toddlers were aged 19 months. Household food insecurity (measured prenatally and concurrently at 19 months) was measured using the US Department of Agriculture Food Security Module. Regression analyses assessed associations between adequate maternal FV intake and toddler FV intake. Interaction terms tested whether prenatal or concurrent household food insecurity moderated this association. Adequate maternal FV intake was associated with increased toddler FV intake (B = 6.2 times/wk, 95% confidence interval, 2.0–10.5, P = 0.004). Prenatal household food insecurity was associated with decreased toddler FV intake (B = −6.3 times/wk, 95% confidence interval, −11.67 to −0.9, P = 0.02). There was a significant interaction between the level of maternal-toddler FV association (concordance or similarity in FV intake between mothers and toddlers) and the presence of food insecurity such that maternal-toddler FV association was greater when prenatal household food insecurity was not present (B = −11.6, P = 0.04). Strategies to increase FV intake across the life course could examine how the timing of household food insecurity may affect intergenerational maternal–child transmission of dietary practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the impact of a mentoring program to encourage staff-delivered sleep-promoting strategies on sleep, function, depression, and anxiety among skilled nursing facility (SNF) residents. Modified stepped-wedge unit-level intervention. Seventy-two residents (mean age 75 ± 15 years; 61.5% female, 41% non-Hispanic white, 35% Black, 20% Hispanic, 3% Asian) of 2 New York City urban SNFs. Expert mentors provided SNF staff webinars, in-person workshops, and weekly sleep pearls via text messaging. Resident data were collected at baseline, post-intervention (V 1), and 3-month follow-up (V 2), including wrist actigraphy, resident behavioral observations, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) depression scale, Brief Anxiety and Depression Scale (BADS), Brief Cognitive Assessment Tool (BCAT), and select Minimum Data Set 3.0 (MDS 3.0) measures. Linear mixed models were fit for continuous outcomes and mixed-effects logistic models for binary outcomes. Outcomes were modeled as a function of time. Planned contrasts compared baseline to V 1 and V 2. There was significant improvement in PSQI scores from baseline to V 1 (P =.009), and from baseline to V 2 (P =.008). Other significant changes between baseline and V 1 included decreased depression (PHQ-9) (P =.028), increased daytime observed out of bed (P ≤.001), and increased daytime observed being awake (P <.001). At V 2 (vs baseline) being observed out of bed decreased (P <.001). Daytime sleeping by actigraphy increased from baseline to V 1 (P =.004), but not V 2. MDS 3.0 activities of daily living and pain showed improvements by the second quarter following implementation of SLUMBER (P 's ≤.034). There were no significant changes in BADS or BCAT between baseline and V 1 or V 2. SNF residents had improvements in sleep quality and depression with intervention, but improvements were not sustained at 3-month follow-up. The COVID-19 pandemic led to premature study termination, so full impacts remain unknown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment with methadone and buprenorphine medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) during incarceration may lead to better community re-entry, but evidence on these relationships have been mixed. We aimed to identify community re-entry patterns and examine the association between in-jail MOUD and a pattern of successful reentry defined by rare occurrence of reincarceration and preventable healthcare utilization. Data came from a retrospective, observational cohort study of 6066 adults with opioid use disorder who were incarcerated in New York City jails and released to the community during 2011–14. An outcome was community re-entry patterns identified by sequence analysis of 3-year post-release reincarceration, emergency department visits, and hospitalizations. An exposure was receipt of in-jail MOUD versus out-of-treatment (42 % vs. 58 %) for the last 3 days before discharge. The study accounted for differences in baseline demographic, clinical, behavioral, housing, and criminal legal characteristics between in-jail MOUD and out-of-treatment groups via propensity score matching. This study identified five re-entry patterns: stability (64 %), hospitalization (23 %), delayed reincarceration (7 %), immediate reincarceration (4 %), and continuous incarceration (2 %). After addressing confounding, 64 % and 57 % followed the stability pattern among MOUD and out-of-treatment groups who were released from jail in 2011, respectively. In 2012–14, the prevalence of following the stability pattern increased year-by-year while a consistently higher prevalence was observed among those with in-jail MOUD. Sequence analysis helped define post-release stability based on health and criminal legal system involvement. Receipt of in-jail MOUD was associated with a marker of successful community re-entry. • Sequence analysis identified five community re-entry patterns. • 64 % of the cohort members followed the stability pattern. • Receipt of in-jail MOUD contributed to a positive outcome of community re-entry. • In-jail MOUD has potential to break a vicious cycle of reincarceration and addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]