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Bamboo has being used as alternative raw material for construction, reinforcing fibers, paper production, among other applications. Although its recognized potentials as raw material, there are doubts about its environmental performance compared to traditional wood-based products, including paper production, which hinders bamboo-based paper plants in large scales. This study aims to assess the environmental performance of producing office paper from bamboo. Emergy synthesis (with 'm') and global warming potential indicators are calculated and compared with the traditional eucalyptus paper-based production. Results highlights the importance in including the renewability fractions of each input resources into emergy calculations for production systems with high human-labor intensity such as the bamboo agricultural production. Office paper produced from bamboo has similar renewability (28%), moderate environmental load (3.23 vs. 2.49), and emergy unsustainability (0.34 vs. 0.60) compared to paper produced from eucalyptus, but bamboo showed lower performance for global efficiency (568 vs. 442 sej/ton paper), emergy yield (1.09 vs. 1.49), and emergy investment (10.79 vs. 2.05). Focusing on global warming potential, office paper produced from bamboo releases 98 kgCO 2 eq. /ton paper compared to 56–267 kgCO 2 eq. /ton paper for eucalyptus. Notwithstanding, bamboo-based office paper demands four times more land area of agricultural production than eucalyptus, but it has a positive social aspect by requiring higher amount of direct human labor. This work shows the advantages of using eucalyptus rather than bamboo in producing office paper from an emergy and land demand perspectives, while global warming can still be considered inconclusive. Future efforts should consider a quantitative and qualitative analysis of human labor availability in both systems, as well an economic analysis to support discussions towards more sustainable office paper production from different raw materials. • Environmental load of bamboo and eucalyptus for office paper production are compared. • Bamboo has lower emergy performance than eucalyptus. • Including the renewability fraction of labor and services better reflects emergy results. • Bamboo paper emits 98kgCO2eq/ton, eucalyptus paper emits 56–267kgCO2eq/ton. • Bamboo paper needs 4x land compared to eucalyptus and requires more human labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improving energy efficiency is regarded as a key path to tackling global warming and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2020, the energy consumption of the world's ten major energy-consuming countries accounted for 66.8% of the global total. This paper applied data envelopment analysis (DEA) to calculate these ten major energy-consuming countries' total-factor energy efficiency (TFEE) at national and sectoral levels from 2001-2020, and explored the influencing factors of total-factor energy efficiency with the Tobit regression model. The results showed significant difference in the ten countries' energy efficiency. The United States and Germany topped the list for total-factor energy efficiency, while China and India were at the bottom. Meanwhile, the energy efficiency of the industrial subsector has increased significantly over the past two decades, while that of the other subsectors has been relatively flat. The industrial structure upgrading, per capita GDP, energy consumption structure, and foreign direct investment had significant impacts on energy efficiency with national heterogeneity. Energy consumption structure and GDP per capita were determinative factors of energy efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents a new high-resolution (up to decadal) palaeoecological evidence based on detailed AMS radiocarbon dating, plant macrofossils, testate amoebae, loss on ignition, peat humification, elemental and stable isotopic records, obtained from a palsa peatland located in vicinities of Igarka town. This gave us a unique possibility to examine the mid-to late Holocene environmental changes in a poorly investigated area in Yenisei Siberia. The obtained data show that the peatland initiation occurred at about 6350 cal yr BP by paludification of a larch forest in the conditions of climate warming and high surface wetness, possibly, due to permafrost thaw. The first sign of palsa formation occurred about 5360 cal yr BP and coincided with the temperature decrease, wetter and anoxic conditions in peatland. After several phases of uplifts (and relatively dryer conditions) and partial thawing and subsidence of its surface (wetter conditions) between 5360 and 2250 cal yr BP, the continuous rise of the perennial frost mound (up to the height of 5 m) accomplished by drying its surface and colonization by drought-resistant plant species, evidently, encouraged by the climate cooling and permafrost aggradation during the last two millennia. The high-resolution analyses of elemental (C and N) and stable isotope content (δ13C and δ15N) of the peat sequence revealed the strong linkages between the plant composition and mineralization/humification processes. Our multi-proxy study revealed detailed features of peat accumulation patterns driven by multiple interrelated allogenic and autogenic forcings, influencing changes in peat macroelement content and stable isotope composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO 2) capture via flue gas is an advanced technology for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Its significance lies in the potential for retrofitting this technology to the current inventory of coal-fired power plants. This review paper aims to present the state of art in the technologies of adsorption techniques in post-combustion technologies to capture CO 2 from flue gas streams. These techniques have demonstrated numerous potential benefits when compared to conventional CO 2 capture methods that utilize aqueous amine solvents. Additionally, this overview presents the development in the field of novel solid sorbents for post-combustion CO 2 capture, focusing on their enhanced performance and favorable economic feasibility. The promising potential of mesoporous silica has been recognized to evaluate the enhanced capacity of CO 2 adsorption offered by these materials. Several research studies have reported different techniques of functionalizing porous silica by introducing amine groups. Various methods of functionalization for mesoporous silica, such as impregnation, grafting, and hybrid approaches, have been examined to improve the efficiency of the sorbents. Furthermore, this work summarises the research challenges with porous silica materials and indicates the possibilities for future studies to improve post-combustion carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from wetlands have exacerbated global warming, attracting worldwide attention. However, the research process and development trends in this field remain unknown. Herein, 1865 papers related to wetlands GHG emissions published from January 2000 to December 2023 were selected, and CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used for bibliometric analysis to visually analyze the publications distribution, research authors, organizations and countries, core journal and keywords, and discussed the research progress, trends and hotspots in the fields. Over the past 24 years, the research has gone through three phases: the "embryonic" stage (2000–2006), the accumulation stage (2007–2014), and the acceleration stage (2015–2023). China has played a pivotal role in this domain, publishing the most papers and working closely with the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, and Australia. In addition, this study synthesized 311 field observations from 123 publications to analyze the variability in GHG emissions and their driving factors in four different types of natural wetlands. The results suggested that the average carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes in different wetlands were significantly different. River wetlands exhibited the highest GHG fluxes, while marsh wetlands demonstrated greater global warming potential (GWP). The average CO 2 , CH 4 and N 2 O fluxes were 60.41 mg m−2·h−1, 2.52 mg m−2·h−1 and 0.05 mg m−2·h−1, respectively. The GWP of Chinese natural wetlands was estimated as 648.72 Tg·CO 2 -eq·yr−1, and CH 4 contributed the largest warming effect, accounting for 57.43%. Correlation analysis showed that geographical location, climate factors, and soil conditions collectively regulated GHG emissions from wetlands. The findings provide a new perspective on sustainable wetland management and reducing GHG emissions. [Display omitted] • A 24-year bibliometric analysis of GHG emissions from wetlands was conducted. • The historical evolution and future trends in the field were summarized. • River wetlands exhibited the highest GHG fluxes. • GWP of China's wetlands was estimated to be 648.72 Tg·CO 2 -eq·yr−1. • CH 4 emissions contribute 57.43% to the GWP value in China's wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indo-Pacific Warm Pool (IPWP) is the primary supplier of heat and moisture to the global atmosphere, and exerts a significant impact on tropical and worldwide climate variability. This special issue expands our understanding of the paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic evolution of the IPWP since Neogene times with implications for understanding future change. It contains fifteen research articles addressing two primary themes: (1) Ocean-atmosphere coupled processes via the ocean water-column, sea surface, atmospheric evaporation/precipitation; and (2) Sediment source-to-sink and biogeochemical carbon-cycles, and their interactions with oceanographic, hydrological, tectonic and other factors. These contributions improve our understanding of thermocline temperature, salinity, oxygenation, hydrography, carbon cycle, biological productivity, and sedimentary response in the IPWP across Neogene and Quaternary time scales, as well as aiding in the forecast of future climate responses in the context of current global warming. The special issue will capture the attention of geologists, climatologists, and anybody else interested in global climate change. • This is the editorial preface for the VSI on Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. • 15 papers are included and shortly introduced. • Two themes are included. • The 15 papers provide new views on paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes in the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permafrost in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) accounts for a total area of 1.05 × 106 km2. Many highway engineerings have been through the permafrost regions of the QTP, including the Qingkang Highway (QKH), Qinghai-Tibet Highway (QTH), and Gonghe-Yushu expressway (GYE), and the Qinghai-Tibet expressway (QTE) will be constructed in the future. Under the action of roadbed construction and global warming, permafrost under roadbed is degraded and causes serious pavement damage. Although many useful cooling measures have been applied to prevent permafrost degradation, their application presents significant challenges on account of the stronger endothermic action of asphalt pavement. This paper summarizes the working principle of existing cooling measures, and ascertains the relationship between pavement damage and ground temperature distribution of permafrost under roadbed. Based on the relationship, geotemperature distribution criteria and requirements for the cooling measures are proposed, and some suitable composite structures and measures are suggested. The results reported in this paper can provide a valuable guidance for the design and construction of the QTE in the future. • Relationship between temperature distribution and damage characteristics is revealed. • Geotemperature distribution criteria for the cooling measures are established. • Some composite measures are proposed for roadbed in permafrost regions of the QTP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product service systems (PSS) are an example of a novel business model billed as having the potential to significantly reduce the environmental burdens of production and consumption processes. However, despite widespread interest in PSS, consensus regarding their actual environmental impacts, particularly with regard to salient issues such as global warming, is lacking. Hence this paper explores existing research to investigate the state of the art regarding the climatic impacts of PSS, alongside the set of factors that influence climatic impacts. The paper comprises a systematic review of peer-reviewed academic literature, quantifying the extent to which different types of PSS have the capacity to reduce greenhouse gas emissions across multiple product categories. Our study shows that significant reductions in climatic emissions are possible, but PSS are in many cases associated with more modest reductions and, in some cases, increased emissions. Further, we observe no clear differences in climatic impacts according to the type of PSS model that is deployed. Rather, differences in climatic impact are influenced by factors such as production and design alongside use-phase impacts and contextual factors such as transportation and the energy mix. The study argues that further research is needed to establish a more robust baseline upon which to draw conclusions regarding the sources of climatic impacts, and outlines fruitful ways for companies to tackle the complexities of climatic emissions that are beyond their control. • In some cases, product service systems can reduce climatic impacts by up to 80%. • In other cases, climatic impacts increase compared to traditional product sales. • Climatic impacts are influenced by use intensity, transportation and production. • Other contextual factors such as the energy mix play a role. • More quantitative assessments are needed with less reliance on estimations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been a notable surge in focus on the mitigation of carbon emissions, mostly motivated by the urgent concern about global warming and its adverse impacts on the Earth's climate. Power-to-gas (PtG) systems have emerged as a promising technological solution in the pursuit of mitigating carbon emissions. This paper presents a mathematical modeling framework that aims to accurately represent the power-to-gas system integrated with wind power plants while taking into account the technological constraints of the system in practical scenarios. To analyze the proposed system under the stresses, worst situations caused by existing uncertain parameters, especially wind power, is modeled using a risk modeling technique called downside risk constraints (DRC). The DRC endeavors to mitigate the likelihood of situations resulting in significant stresses by incorporating an expected downside risk into the proposed framework. This paper will provide a number of conservative tactics to be employed in the decision-making process under the realizations of uncertainties. These tactics, including strategic operational control strategies, provide a structured approach for decision-making under uncertain conditions. By incorporating downside risk constraints, the framework enables conservative decision-making that prioritizes mitigating potential losses and minimizing the operational risk within scheduling horizon of proposed PtG facility. The findings demonstrate that the implementation of PtG technology has the potential to yield a substantial reduction in external energy consumption, namely by 39.1 %. Additionally, it has been seen that PtG may effectively mitigate carbon emissions, resulting in a decrease of 38.9 %. The utilization of PtG technology and gas storage will result in a substantial reduction in wind curtailment, ultimately leading to a near elimination of curtailment. Further study is conducted on the model in order to explore the benefits of carbon and methane storage, as supported by the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a vital freshwater resource for one-sixth of the world's population, snowmelt provides great convenience for residents in terms of livelihood and production, agricultural irrigation, and hydroelectric power generation. However, snowmelt can also have an important impact on the formation of surface runoff and the process of soil erosion. In contrast to glacier melt, snowmelt erosion has received relatively little attention in the past. This paper reviewed the generation of snowmelt runoff, the characteristics of erosion and sediment yield during snowmelt, the snowmelt erosion mechanism, and the applications of snowmelt modeling. The published results of sediment yield driven from snowmelt runoff ranged from 1 to 300 t km−2 a−1, with the largest value of 1114 t km−2 a−1. Snowmelt erosion is extremely sensitive to warming climate. With global warming, there is a trend towards earlier snowmelt periods and a significant increase in runoff volume, as well as a significant increase in sediment yield from snowmelt in most of the study cases. Moreover, snowmelt erosion compared to rainfall erosion has more complex mechanistic processes which can be influenced by various factors such as snowfall, freeze-thaw, topography, etc. In particular, the occurrence of rain-on-snow events will lead to more severe soil erosion. In addition, current studies of sediment yield from snowmelt erosion account for a small percentage of snowmelt, and snowmelt erosion modeling is rarely applied in practical studies. In future research, the field monitoring of snowmelt erosion in the context of climate change needs to be further strengthened and the effects of multiple factors on snowmelt erosion need to be investigated. The inclusion of rain-on-snow and specific erosion types in the model will improve the applicability of models under climate change scenarios and in multi-scale environments. This paper is intended to show the achievements as well as the limitations of snowmelt erosion research, while suggesting future research directions that need to be further explored and developed for better understanding and forecasting of snowmelt erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This paper proposes a concept that utilizes historical time-series data from transmission system operators (TSOs) to estimate the optimal day-ahead energy-mix proportion for a power system dominated by converters. • This paper employs a long short-term memory (LSTM) network as a data-driven model to forecast the day-ahead values of key parameters. • To ensure secure system functioning, an energy-mix operation and reserve scheduling model is developed. • This paper emphasizes the importance of power system security in incorporating inverter based resources (IBRs). Advancements in various scientific fields have encouraged the development of novel tools, techniques, components, methodologies, and innovations aimed at addressing the challenges encountered in modern power systems dominated by inverter-based resources (IBRs). This paper focuses on a concept that leverages historical time-series data obtained from transmission system operators (TSOs) to enhance the secure management and operation of power systems. By employing a data-driven model, the day-ahead values of power generation and load consumption are estimated and integrated with a dynamic model of the power system for further analysis. To optimize energy generation and ensure grid stability, an energy-mix operation and reserve scheduling model is utilized. This model optimally combines different power-generating technologies, including synchronous generators (SGs), grid-following converters (GFLs), and grid-forming converters (GFMs), to meet the energy demands of the day while enhancing the overall system strength. The findings are supported by quantitative analysis utilizing variables such as frequency, power production, terminal voltages, and system non-synchronous penetration (SNSP). Simulation results demonstrate that implementing the proposed concept enables the power system under consideration to operate securely, even in the face of a 38% increase in immediate load, with a maximum SNSP ratio of 59%. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach in addressing the reliability, system dynamics, stability, control efficiency, and security challenges posed by IBR-dominated power systems. Furthermore, it is believed that this research contributes to the ongoing efforts in decarbonization, renewable energy integration, and combating global warming by facilitating the secure and optimized operation of renewable energy-dominated power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The mechanism of rolling resistance of asphalt pavements is presented. • The measuring and modelling approaches of rolling resistance are summarised. • The prediction methods of fuel consumption and environmental impact are reviewed. In the context of climate change and global warming, the attention on the environmental cost of pavements is increasing. To scientifically quantify the environmental cost of pavements, accurate prediction of rolling resistance and fuel consumption is important. In this paper, a comprehensive review on rolling resistance of asphalt pavements and its environmental impact was presented. At first, the commonly used definitions of rolling resistance and texture characterisation methods of pavement surface were introduced. Then, the influence of different factors on rolling resistance was discussed. Next, the measuring and modelling approaches of rolling resistance were reviewed. At last, methods which can be used to predict fuel consumption and environmental impact were presented. It was found that an ideal approach for texture characterisation of pavement surface is to make use of the entire wavelength spectrum of road profiles and consider the enveloping curve of tire treads. Furthermore, the fact that rolling resistance can be influenced by different factors introduces difficulties in accurate measurement and modelling of rolling resistance. Moreover, testing methods and conditions have a significant effect on the empirical modelling of rolling resistance, while it is difficult and time-consuming to consider all the energy loss in the computational modelling of rolling resistance. In addition, the prediction of fuel consumption and environmental impact highly depends on the formulating methods and measuring conditions. The work presented in this paper will help to gain more insight into rolling resistance and its environmental impact, which ultimately promotes the construction of environmentally friendly pavements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Arctic Ocean is rapidly warming. In this paper, we document changes in the source, distribution, and accumulation rate of organic matter (OM) for three sediment cores in the Bering and Chukchi seas to investigate changes to the oceanic carbon cycle over the past ∼75 years. Analyses were undertaken using bulk properties, such as total organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), stable carbon isotope (δ13C), OC to TN molar ratio (C/N), and biomarkers (lignin phenols). The OC, TN, and lignin (Σ8, in mg (g sediment)−1) contents were found to be significantly related to the fraction of sand (Sand%) as a result of sediment sorting and/or different sediment sources. Using an end-member mixing model, we estimated marine OM accounted for ∼67% of all organic matter in all cores, being the dominant source. Moreover, terrestrial OM mainly originated from angiosperm non-woody tissue, while moss contribution was negligible. In the Bering Sea shelf, OC% has not changed over time, but there have been some extreme peaks around the 1960s–1970s and in 2005, which correspond to increased terrestrial input from North American rivers. In the southern core from the Chukchi Sea, the OC% showed an apparent decrease after 2000, accompanied by an increase in sand content, likely due to enhanced delivery of volcanic rocks by the Pacific Inflow from the Bering Sea. In contrast, in the northern core from the Chukchi Sea, the OC% showed a significant increasing trend, with some peaks occurring at the same time as in the Bering Sea core. The mean increase rate was compared to the increase in Siberian riverine discharge, which both could be caused by long-term climate changes. The results highlight the regional differences in the response of OC preservation to climate change and other controlling factors. Further studies with higher spatial resolution are required to better understand the preservation of OC in response to climate change. [Display omitted] • The main vegetation source was vascular plant, contribution from moss was limited. • Marine source accounted for ∼67% of the sedimentary OC in the (sub)Arctic cores. • OC preservation changed differently in the (sub)Arctic Ocean in past decades. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pesticide residue and thermal stress resulting from global climate change are parallel stressors for soil fauna. However, it remains ambiguous how elevated temperatures and pesticides can interact to threaten soil fauna. In the study, the acute and chronic clothianidin (CTD) toxicity to earthworms (Eisenia fetida) at different temperatures, and the effect of increasing temperature on antioxidant defense mechanisms in response to CTD were investigated. The acute toxicity of CTD was exacerbated by increased temperature in both filter paper contact tests (a decrease in the 48-h median lethal concentration (LC 50) from 0.077 μg/cm2 at 20 °C to 0.009 μg/cm2 at 30 °C) and natural soil tests (a decrease in the 48-h LC 50 from 0.774 mg/kg at 20 °C to 0.199 mg/kg at 30 °C). Exposure to CTD or high temperature (30 °C) triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) overgeneration and increased antioxidant enzyme activities in earthworms; and the effect was particularly pronounced after exposure to both higher temperatures and CTD. At 20 and 25 °C, there was no significant change in the growth and reproduction of E. fetida after 56-d exposure to CTD-contaminated soil. However, the combined effect of CTD and high temperature (30 °C) significantly reduced the weight change rate, cocoon number, hatching rate, and number of juveniles on day 56. These results indicated that elevated temperature could aggravate acute and chronic CTD toxicity to earthworms. The findings emphasize that evaluating changes in pesticide toxicity under global warming is worth further investigation. [Display omitted] • Elevated temperature aggravated acute toxicity of clothianidin to E. fetida. • Clothianidin and thermal stress interacted synergistically on E. fetida. • Higher temperature magnified growth and reproductive toxicity of clothianidin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global Sea Surface Temperature (SST) trends have garnered significant attention in several ocean-related domains, including global warming, marine biodiversity, and environmental protection. This involves having an accurate and efficient forecast of future SST to ensure early detection and response in time to these events. Deep learning algorithms have become popular in SST prediction recently, although directly obtaining optimal prediction results from historical observation data is not simple. In this paper, we propose STA-SST, a new deep learning approach for forecasting SST, by combining the temporal dependencies of SST using the Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) model, spatial features extracted from the convolution layer, and relevant information from the attention mechanism. To assess how well the Attention-BiLSTM with convolution layer predicts SST, we conducted a case study in the Moroccan Sea, concentrating on five different areas. The proposed model was compared against alternative forecasting models, including LSTM, XGBoost, Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Random Forest (RF). The experimental results show that STA-STT produces noticeably the best prediction results and is a solid choice for field implementation. • STA-SST combines BiLSTM, Conv1D, and attention mechanism for accurate SST forecasting. • Spatial features enhance the prediction of time series data. • STA-SST outperforms traditional models in SST forecasting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In High Mountain Asia, human-induced climate warming threatens the cryosphere. Expected long-term reductions in future runoff from glacial catchments raises concerns regarding the sustainability of these natural 'water towers' and the implications of reduced water availability for regional human and ecological systems. Ice-debris landforms (I-DL), containing ice whether moving or not include rock glaciers and ice-cored moraines, and are likely to be climatically more resilient than debris-covered and debris-free glaciers. Recent work has shown that rock glaciers contain globally valuable water supplies yet over High Mountain Asia information regarding their number, spatial distribution, morphometric characteristics and water content are scarce. Here, we present the first systematic estimate of the current extent and distribution of rock glaciers for a subset of High Mountain Asia (the Himalaya). A sample of 2070 intact and relict rock glaciers were digitized on Google Earth imagery from the Western, Central and Eastern Himalaya regions and then quantitative and qualitative characteristics were analysed regionally based on topographic data from the NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Version 3.0 and then aggregated across the Himalaya using an "upscaling" method. The majority of the digitized landforms (∼65%) were categorised as intact rock glaciers (i.e., ice-debris Landforms, or I-DLs, containing ice) and the remainder as relict rock glaciers (i.e., discrete debris accumulations or DDAs, not containing ice). They range in elevation from 3225 to 5766 m a.s.l., with the lowest in the Central Himalaya. Sampled relict and intact rock glaciers are primarily situated on northern quadrants. Over the entire Himalaya, we identified ∼25,000 landforms, with a total estimated areal coverage of 3747 km2. The area upscaling method was validated in the Manaslu region of Nepal using high-resolution Planet data (5 m) and freely available, fine spatial resolution optical satellite data accessed through Google Earth Pro and ESRI basemaps. In absence of complete rock glacier inventories over the Himalaya, our approach proves useful to investigate the nature, distribution and infer potential future behaviour of these landforms across the Himalaya in a changing climate. • Climate change in the mountains of the Himalaya is driving glacier melting and associated changes in water supplies to downstream areas. • This impacts the water supplies for hundreds of millions of people and ecosystems and is seen as a great challenge for future sustainable development in this part of central Asia. • However, large volumes of ice are contained are contained in rock glaciers (ice-debris landforms common in high arid mountains) although research on the number and extent of these in the Himalaya is limited. • In this paper, we present the first systematic estimate of the current extent and distribution of rock glaciers for the Himalaya and show that around 25,000 landforms exist in the region, with a total estimated areal coverage of 3747 km2. • We argue that rock glaciers constitute hydrologically valuable long-term water stores and, with continued climatically-driven glacier recession and mass loss, their value is likely to become increasingly important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are 14 northern communities in Nunavik, the Arctic region of Quebec province, Canada. Transportation infrastructure plays a vital role in the social and economic development of these localities. The thawing of permafrost compromises the stability of northern transportation infrastructure. Harsh Arctic climate conditions limit the installation of effective monitoring systems to assess infrastructure stability. In Akulivik, the access road connects the Akulivik airport and the village of Akulivik. There is no monitoring to observe the thermal condition of the permafrost foundation of the access road, hindering the capacity to perform preventive maintenance activities, especially in the context of observed climate warming in Nunavik. This paper describes a project aiming at the assessment of the stability of the access road using a new approach and proposes adaptation solutions to stabilize the road, based on design tools recently developed. Particular attention was paid to the foundation soil under the side slope where relatively rapid permafrost degradation was occurring due to accumulated snow. The results indicate a positive thermal gradient of 0.29 °C/m under the side slope and a near-zero thermal gradient under the centerline. Projected climate warming was also considered to further investigate the thermal condition, providing a safety margin for the design of promising adaptation solutions. These results assist government agencies in evaluating the thermal conditions of underlying permafrost and deploying potential adaptation solutions in Akulivik. • The thermal conditions of the road embankment were analyzed. • A new approach was employed to assess the thermal stability of the road embankment. • An adaptive solution was designed to mitigate permafrost degradation beneath the embankment side slopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Yakutia is a large region in northeastern Siberia characterized by extensive permafrost, large river valleys, mountain glaciers, and large massifs of aeolian sands; the geological history of the region is complex and, at present, poorly constrained. In recent years, it has been shown that aeolian sands cover up to 60% of large parts of Central Yakutia. This paper presents the results of luminescence dating of aeolian sedimentation at the Diring Yuriakh Palaeolithic site located in the middle reaches of the Lena River. Field studies identified several thick units of aeolian sand, which cover an old deflation surface with Late (Duktai culture) and Early Palaeolithic (Diring culture) artefacts. The reliability of the OSL chronology was assessed by comparison of ages based on the optically stimulated luminescence from quartz and the infra-red stimulated luminescence from potassium-rich feldspars; these age pairs are in good agreement, implying that at least the quartz grains were sufficiently bleached before sedimentation. We obtained OSL ages that reflect three periods of accumulation between the LGM and the Holocene: ∼21 ka, 15-14 ka, and 12.5–10 ka. These periods of accumulation broadly coincide with global cooling episodes during the Last Glacial Maximum, the Older Dryas, and the Younger Dryas, with some extension into subsequent warmer intervals, whereas the intervening intervals without preserved sediments are taken to reflect dune stability during warmer periods. The sand on the terraces, sourced from alluvial bars in the river channel, was blown up the valley slope during cold and dry periods when the vegetation cover was sparse. When the climate warmed, the vegetation took some time to spread, and so the accumulation of aeolian sand on the high terraces continued into the warm periods. We also infer periods of deflation (wind erosion) that occurred before 21 ka and between 20 and 15 ka, presumably due to increased aeolian activity and localized remobilization of sediment. The new OSL chronology shows that the younger artefacts located at the cape of Diring Yuriakh, belonging to the Late Palaeolithic Duktai culture, are older than 15 ka. The new ages also show that the post-LGM aeolian sand sequences at Diring Yuriakh are correlated with the regionally developed subaerial Dolkuma Formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies how climate change affects green technology innovation among enterprises from the perspective of attention to global warming. The results show that abnormal temperatures significantly inhibit the green technology innovation output of local enterprises. Our conclusion still holds after a series of robustness checks. This effect is more pronounced for nonstate-owned enterprises and manufacturing enterprises. Moreover, CSR and information opacity aggravate the inhibitory effect of abnormal temperatures on green innovation. We find that abnormal temperatures increase the short-term environmental protection investment of enterprises in a region, which has a crowding out effect on R&D investment and inhibits green innovation. This study helps to deepen the understanding of climate risk and enterprise green innovation and provides an empirical basis for how to carry out environmental regulation to promote sustainable development. • This study explores the impact of climate change attention on corporate green innovation. • Abnormal temperature is used as a proxy for climate change attention (Choi et al., 2020). • We find that abnormal temperature significantly reduces corporate green innovation. • This effect is more pronounced for nonstate-owned enterprises and manufacturing enterprises. • CSR and information opacity aggravate the inhibitory effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The battery electric vehicle (BEV) industry, commanding over half of the global market share in China, has garnered significant attention in response to escalating concerns about climate change. NCM (LiNi x Co y Mn z O 2) batteries, prized for their high energy density, are pivotal in this industry. However, their production relies on critical metals, posing environmental challenges. Recycling processes aim to address this issue by recovering critical metals from end-of-life batteries. The industry is updating from NCM 111 to NCM 811 batteries to enhance energy density and reduce costs, but the key factors influencing the material flows and environmental impacts remain uncertain. This paper aims to identify the key factors contributing to the potential differences in material flows and environmental impacts introduced by the NCM battery upgrading in China. Following the new energy vehicle sales projections in China until 2035, a dynamic material flow analysis was employed to calculate material demands, recovered amounts, and substitution rates for various upgrading scenarios. The study reveals that the majority of retired batteries until 2035 were sold between 2022 and 2029. Material substitution rates prove to be more sensitive to the upgrading scenario than the lifetime and growth rate of BEVs. Faster NCM 811 penetration results in over 2.5 times more saved cobalt demand compared to additional nickel demand. A life cycle assessment of NCM batteries reveals a 39% lower global warming impact for NCM 811 compared to NCM 111, highlighting environmental benefits from increased energy density and reduced cobalt consumption. The energy density improvement contributed 85%, while the alteration in material composition contributed 15% to the global warming reduction in NCM 811. Recycling emerges as a crucial strategy in mitigating environmental impacts across all categories, particularly addressing eutrophication, previously deemed challenging due to the difficulty in recovering Li 2 CO 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrating and non-concentrating hybrid solar collectors have drawn increasing interest thanks to their multiple advantages compared to the conventional counterparts, including the higher efficiency and dual production of thermal and electrical energies, alleviating energy security and environmental concerns. Consequently, their utilization has been explored for various applications. However, there is a scarcity of reviewed literature addressing the performance of concentrating and non-concentrating hybrid collectors-based systems from energy, exergy, economic, and environmental (4E) prospects. Therefore, a critical review of concentrating and non-concentrating hybrid solar collectors is conducted for revealing their potential in different applications, namely heating, cooling, desalination, drying, and poly-generation systems. The paper aims to highlight the energetic and exergetic performance, cost-effectiveness, and environmental impact of hybrid solar collectors' implementation through the main indicators of the 4E analysis. This review revealed that hybrid solar collectors possess an undeniable potential to cover a wide range of applications and alleviate the global warming impact linked mainly to the fossil energy systems' utilization. However, their energetic performance has to be further improved to achieve the competitiveness with fossil fuel-based systems. From exergetic perspective, the systems are still inefficient due to the high exergy destruction rate, especially for heating applications. Poly-generation systems appeared to be a cost-effective application of hybrid collectors' technology with a cost as low as $0.03/kWh. Accordingly, this work could serve as a guideline for research community and investors to get insights into hybrid collectors' technologies and identify the research trend and challenges for improving the maturity level of these systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial heterogeneity and temporal tendency of snow avalanche (hereafter called avalanche) activities are responses to variations in the inducing environment under climate warming and epitomize the repercussions of the global cryosphere on climate warming. This paper focuses on channeled avalanches in the marine snow climate region of the Parlung Tsangpo catchment in southeast Tibet as an example. Through field investigations, we identify the spatial extents of avalanche paths, while historical avalanche flow paths from the past 35 years (1986/1987–2021/2022) within these paths are interpreted using Landsat optical images. Statistical analysis is then employed to derive spatial heterogeneity and temporal tendencies within and between years. The results indicate that the runout altitudes of historical avalanches primarily range from 3468 m to 4051 m, with average flow directions predominantly following the northwest, north and northeast directions. Avalanche activity peaks between February and April, with longer runout distances observed during this period. Regarding interannual regularity, the evolution of the runout distance, runout altitude, and height difference of avalanche flow paths over the past 35 years demonstrates a cyclic evolution akin to a sine function. Additionally, a moderate correlation between the interannual variation in historical avalanche activity intensity and the Southern Oscillation Index was observed. These findings strengthen the understanding of the temporal evolutionary pattern of avalanches in response to climate warming, providing valuable insights into the channeled avalanche occurrences in the maritime snow climate of southeastern Tibet. • Peak avalanche activity occurs between February and April, with March showing the highest activity. • Spring avalanches runout farther and reach lower elevations than do winter avalanches. • The historical evolution of avalanche activity demonstrates a cyclic evolution akin to a sine function. • A moderate correlation was observed between the historical avalanche activity and the Southern Oscillation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pterophyllum, an extinct plant of Bennettitales, constitutes a significant component of the Mesozoic flora. In this study, we identified four fossil species of Pterophyllum from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation in the Yaojie Basin and the Baojishan Basin in Gansu Province, Northwest China. Through analysis of macroscopic and macroscopic characteristics, these specimens were identified as Pterophyllum xinjiangensis Zhao, P. subaequale Hartz, P. ptilum Harris, and P. angustum (Braun) Gothan. These findings bridge gaps in the study of Bennettitales fossils in the region, affirming the warm and humid climate of the Yaojie Basin and the Baojishan Basin during the Middle Jurassic. Moreover, a comprehensive analysis of 598 reported Pterophyllum fossil records in China revealed that their occurrences from the Late Triassic to the Early Cretaceous was constrained by ancient climates and tectonic. The Late Triassic exhibited the highest diversity, with 83 species, which were widespread across warm-humid and tropical-subtropical zones in China; however, their diversity decreased sharply in subsequent periods, increased slightly in the Early Cretaceous, and then disappeared. In this paper, we further examined the habitat characteristics of this genera based on its spatiotemporal distribution and the paleogeographic and paleotectonic features of its origins, elucidating the coupled relationship between its distribution and ancient geographic and tectonic factors. • Four species of Pterophyllum in Yaojie Formation are described. • 598 records of 157 species of Pterophyllum reported in China are provided. • Distribution of Pterophyllum during the Mesozoic in China is provided. • Most of the occurrences of Pterophyllum represent warm and humid climate types. • Restricted conditions of Pterophyllum distribution & evolution are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatiotemporal variations in drought in Serbia over recent decades using the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The analysis is performed for time series of 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month SPEI indices (SPEI-01, SPEI-03, SPEI-06 and SPEI-12, respectively) calculated using the E -OBS gridded dataset with a horizontal resolution of 0.1° for the period of 1950–2022. In general, it was found that negative SPEI trends prevailed in Serbia for all months and all analyzed SPEI timescales, indicating a more frequent appearance of droughts in recent decades. Moreover, for a large majority of month-timescale combinations, the area with a negative trend was larger than the area with a positive trend. For several reasons, we focused on the SPEI for August. First, the SPEI for this month shows one of the most pronounced negative trends, which is rather consistent over different timescales and consistent in terms of the area over which the trend was found to be significant. Statistically significant negative trends of SPEI-03, −06 and − 12 for August were found over 11, 17 and 38% of the country area, respectively. To better understand the trends and changes in the SPEI for August, focusing on extreme and severe drought events, an innovative trend analysis (ITA) was applied. It was found that the occurrence of both extreme and severe SPEI drought categories has doubled over the last thirty years in comparison with the previous thirty-year period. Additionally, more frequent transitions from neutral and wet categories to dry categories were observed through an application of the Markov chain. Second, the special focus on SPEI-03, −06 and − 12 for August was motivated by the fact that we found a significant correlation between these index values and the annual maize production in Serbia, indicating that the SPEI for August can be useful for the assessment of drought impact on agriculture. To better understand interannual variability and long-term trends, this paper also explores the relations between the SPEI over Serbia and large-scale circulation patterns, together with general global and continental warming trends. Our findings indicate that drought changes over recent decades may be driven by the interplay of long-term warming and large-scale circulation patterns. In the context of climate change, especially climate projections, Serbia is situated in a region for which climate projections of mean precipitation change demonstrate weak signals and often with conflicting signs of change within multimodel ensembles. From this point of view, our results can be seen as a contribution to a better understanding of changes in extremes, in our case droughts, that can be hidden by inconclusive changes in the mean values. Finally, due to the similar situation in terms of precipitation and drought trends and changes, our results may be relevant for a wider region, and not only for Serbia. • For Serbia negative trends in SPEI index, for different months and timescales, are dominant. • Occurrence of extreme drought categories has doubled over the last decades. • Transitions from neutral and wet categories to dry categories are more frequent. • These changes are driven by long-term warming and large-scale circulation patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing concern for the environment, the demand for carbon dioxide separation, a key contributor to global warming, has escalated. Therefore, this paper focuses on carbon dioxide separation by creating an hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)(C 2 H 6 O 2) x *(C 6 H 7 O 2 (OH) 3) n /silver tetra fluoroborate (AgBF 4)/aluminum nitrate (Al(NO 3) 3) composite film, demonstrating excellent separation performance with a permeance of 1.0 GPU and a selectivity of 100. Silver ions enhance the solubility of carbon dioxide, aiding in its separation, and we determined the optimal aluminum composition to stabilize the silver ions. To analyze this, we examined the cross-sections using SEM, confirming a selective layer of 1.7 μm for carbon dioxide separation. Furthermore, TGA, FT-IR, and NMR analyses were conducted to investigate the interaction between the polymer and additives. This revealed that the increased polymer chain due to the interaction between Ag and HEC, along with stabilized Ag facilitated by the addition of Al, maximized the interaction with carbon dioxide via the empty s-orbital. Additionally, SEM-EDX, UV–vis, XRD, XPS analyses were employed to elucidate the movement of ions within the membrane. These results provide insights into the performance of membranes based on cellulose polymer and offer valuable insights for future applications in gas separation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Typical marine CO 2 sequestration technologies were summarized. • Environmental issues from marine CO 2 sequestration technologies were described. • Solutions to the potential environmental issues were proposed. The global warming effect resulting from excessive CO 2 emissions is getting increasingly critical and the necessary steps must be taken to collect the CO 2 emitted and find a suitable location to sequestrate. The selection of the location influences the final effect of sequestration. The ocean offers promising prospects for sequestration of CO 2 due to its vastness and the solubility of CO 2 it contains. This paper presents several marine CO 2 sequestration technologies, and their benefits and drawbacks as well as their current state of development are assessed. Furthermore, special attention has been paid to the possible environmental issues of the marine CO 2 sequestration technologies, and reasonable alternative actions and suggestions are proposed to solve the potential environmental issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amidst growing concerns over global warming and the urgent need for viable solutions, electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising remedy. However, the full transition to EVs faces certain challenges, necessitating more efficient electric storage systems. In this context, structural batteries have garnered significant interest as a multifunctional solution. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in structural batteries, exploring their distinctive characteristics and their potential to enhance EVs' performance. Particularly, a comparative analysis will be conducted based on the chosen chemistry for the electrochemical component and the reinforcement materials used. Additionally, crucial aspects such as recycling and life cycle analysis will be briefly discussed. Through this examination, it is intended to shed light on the potential of structural batteries in driving a sustainable and efficient EV ecosystem. [Display omitted] • There has been an increase in research into structural batteries. • Decoupled structural batteries outperform their coupled counterparts. • The coupling mechanism affects more the specific energy than the underlying chemistry. • Structural batteries show promise in improving electric vehicles' range and autonomy. • Structural batteries can be more environmentally friendly than conventional batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Effective method is proposed for exploring the fundamental mechanism of SSF. • Soil temperature is proved to be the most fundamental factor for SSF pathways. • The patterns of vertical and lateral source for SSF are analyzed and figured out. The impact of the freeze–thaw process on the active layer is reflected in the changed subsurface flow (SSF) process in cold alpine regions. Identifying sources and pathways of SSF in the freeze–thaw process is critical but difficult, and the related dominant factors and mechanisms are still unknown. In this paper, the effective identification and analysis of SSF are promoted based on field sampling data from the thawing (June) to freezing (September) period of 2022 in the Qinghai Lake basin on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. By the proposed method with a high sampling frequency and refined sampling spatial scale, the sources and pathways of SSF are clearly identified. The results are as follows: (1) The soil temperature is considered the most fundamental factor affecting the SSF pathways, it influences water infiltration to the deep layer and the effect is extended to the saprolite and weathered bedrock layers. (2) Thawing promotes water to infiltrating into deep layer. 30 cm soil water contributes the most to SSF (2 %–86 %) in the thawing period, while the contribution difference of the water from the 30 cm, 60 cm, and 90 cm layers is small (ranging from 32 %–33 %, 24 %–26 %, and 32 %–35 %, respectively) in the thawed period. (3) Meanwhile, the soil water from different slope positions contribute differently to SSF, and the SSF from deep soil layer is transit in prolong paths and depths. It is caused by the out-of-sync water transit process in the hillslope. With continuing climate warming, we propose that the differences in the water sources of SSF across soil layers may decrease, while the differences in the transit processes of SSF across soil layers may increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

France is one of the countries that have made commendable progress towards accomplishing sustainable development goals but still struggles with combating environmental challenges. Decarbonizing the energy sector by deploying clean energy and reducing fossil fuels in the energy mix are essential steps. The study uses annual time series data from 1980 to 2021 and employs the ridge regression estimation technique to estimate a twice-differentiable transcendental production function, which approximates the second-order Taylor series to explore the potential for such decarbonization for France. The study finds that substitution possibilities exist between clean energy and fossil fuels, with substantial substitution possibilities coming from nuclear energy. Nuclear energy and renewables are found to be complements that can be deployed concurrently, but since nuclear energy already constitutes a significant proportion of clean energy for France, the study recommends increasing the proportion of renewable energy in the overall energy mix as the most plausible path to decarbonization. Other complementary sustainable energy policies are recommended in the body of the paper. • The substitution elasticities between clean energy and fossil fuels were estimated. • A second-order Taylor series trans-log production function was specified. • Substitutability is found between clean energy and fossil fuels. • Nuclear energy currently dominates France's clean energy mix. • Increasing renewables in the clean energy mix is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inventory control is a widely discussed topic in the real world, and recently, it has become closely linked to concerns about carbon emissions and global warming. Global warming is a pressing issue, mainly due to a lack of awareness and action. Traditional inventory models, which typically use integer-order differential equations, overlook the memory aspect of the system. Addressing inventory management is essential in our efforts to combat global warming. This paper introduces a novel approach by incorporating carbon emission costs within a fuzzy environment. Fractional Calculus, a powerful mathematical tool, is employed to capture the memory effect of the system. This approach distinguishes between long memory, characterized by a strong memory effect, and short memory, associated with a poor memory effect, through the use of fractional derivatives and integrals. Numerical results are analyzed based on these memory concepts. Entrepreneurs often find it difficult to determine exact values for known parameters in the real world. Therefore, this study considers the uncertain nature of ordering costs, the rate of deterioration, and demand rates as triangular fuzzy numbers. The optimal average cost and ordering intervals are determined using a solution methodology. A sensitivity analysis is performed to demonstrate how different system parameters influence the outcomes within a fuzzy environment. Notably, it is observed that profit tends to be higher under conditions of strong memory compared to poor memory effects. Moreover, it's worth emphasizing that profits are notably more favorable when employing the signed distance method compared to the graded mean integration method, especially in situations marked by strong memory effects. This study highlights the importance of considering sensitive parameters in the model, especially under conditions of strong memory effects. Such parameters require careful attention in the pursuit of effective inventory management strategies to mitigate carbon emissions and combat global warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The environmental crisis induced by global warming has generated an increasingly heightened recognition of the imperative to embark on a journey toward sustainability. In this paper, we focus on the price correlations between two potential emission mitigation instruments: green bond (GB) and the carbon trading market. The Cross-Quantilogram (CQ) method is employed to identify these relationships within Chinese markets spanning from July 16, 2021, to March 31, 2023. Our findings reveal a diverse array of dependence structures, which are most pronounced at the first lag and tend to diminish with subsequent lags. Further analysis through the Partial Cross-Quantilogram (PCQ) approach reveals that the dependence structure is reshaped by both micro-market volatility and climate policy uncertainty, but the latter exerts influence at more extended lags. Likewise, these correlations are subject to temporal shifts, with coefficients displaying heightened magnitude and increased volatility in extreme scenarios compared to normal states. Therefore, investors and industries seeking to participate in the carbon trading market should closely monitor the performance of green bonds, particularly during tumultuous periods. • We apply the Cross-Quantilogram method to pinpoint correlations between green bond market and carbon markets. • The analysis exposes varied dependence patterns, most evident at the lag 1. • The dependence structure is reshaped by both micro-market volatility and climate policy uncertainty. • Correlations fluctuate over time, with marked intensification in extreme conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global warming and energy scarcity, regional integrated energy system (RIES) can effectively improve energy utilization efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. However, this leads to the increased complexity of the market transactions. To this end, based on the mixed game strategy, a multi-agent low-carbon optimal dispatch model of RIES is proposed in this paper. Firstly, to fully consider the low-carbon objective of the system, a reward and punishment ladder carbon trading mechanism and a ladder integrated demand response (IDR) model are developed. Then, the decision models of the energy management operator (EMO), multiple energy hub agents (EHAs) and the user load aggregator (ULA) are constructed respectively with the goal of economy, and carbon emission flows are introduced as constraints. The interactive trading process of various stakeholders is simulated by a mixed game with master-slave game nested bidding strategy. Finally, the economics and carbon emissions of the system in different scenarios are analyzed by examples, and the effectiveness of the proposed model is verified. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed method not only has good economic and low-carbon environmental protection benefits, but also ensures the interests of various stakeholders. • A multi-agent energy trading mechanism is proposed to realize low-carbon operation. • A ladder integrated demand respond model considering carbon compensation is developed. • A multi-agent optimization strategy based on mixed game is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We analyzed trends and breakpoints for three streamflow signatures of drying patterns in 540 non-perennial streams over CONUS • Nonlinear changes in streamflow are more common than linear changes for all three stream intermittency signatures. • The past behavior of non-perennial streams might be a poor predictor of future drying patterns Stream drying patterns – including duration, timing, and dry-down rates – affect aquatic ecosystems and nutrient exports in non-perennial streams. Because hydrologic processes are often nonlinear, changes in drying may also be nonlinear, but analyses of historical changes in stream drying to date have not characterized the frequency or functional forms of nonlinear change. Understanding the extent of nonlinear change in non-perennial streams is essential for advancing our fundamental knowledge of hydrological processes, aquatic ecosystems, and watershed functioning under a warming climate. This paper uses a polynomial-based trend detection technique (PolyTrend) to analyze the linear and nonlinear trend behaviors of three intermittency signatures (annual no-flow days specifying longer or shorter drying duration, day of first no-flow occurrence specifying timing of stream drying, and days from peak to no-flow specifying dry-down rates) at 540 non-perennial gage stations over 38 years (1980–2017) across the continental United States (CONUS). Additionally, we carried out a breakpoint analysis to characterize the discontinuities in the time series of each intermittency signature. Analysis of annual no-flow days shows that about 37 % of the total streamflow stations are drying for longer each year, whereas about 22 % are wetter for longer than in the past. The day of first no-flow occurrence analysis shows that 10 % of the streams are drying earlier, and 19 % are drying later. On the other hand, analysis of days from peak to no-flow shows that 14 % of streams are drying faster, and 17 % are drying more slowly. For all these metrics, among the significant trends, at least half of the relationships were nonlinear. For annual no-flow days , the breakpoint analysis shows more discontinuities in the second half of the analysis period (1999 to 2017) than in the first half, with more discontinuities in the Southern Great Plains than in other regions. The other two signatures demonstrate less frequent discontinuities in the second half of the analysis period, suggesting decreased nonlinear dynamics in recent years. Nonlinear no-flow duration trends are common in Mediterranean California, and the dry-down rate has increased in recent decades. Our findings indicate that nonlinear change in stream drying is widespread and must be accounted for in watershed planning and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The warming and melting of permafrost due to climate warming pose a considerable threat to the integrity of the Pan Arctic building, thus jeopardizing sustainable development. The increase in ambient temperature in permafrost areas will cause deterioration in the bearing capacity of building pile foundations. Considering the continuous deepening of the active layer (z a), the present paper used small-scale physical modeling to investigate the potential variation of bearing capacity and load transfer mechanism of pile foundations under the scenario of continuous degradation of permafrost. The ultimate bearing capacity of a single pile and the undrained shear strength of the ground under different z a are estimated by cone penetration tests. In the static load test of single piles, the axial load-settlement, axial force of pile shaft, and earth pressure at the pile tip are measured. The results show that the rise in ground temperature and the deepening of the z a shorten the elastic and elastic-plastic stages of the load-displacement curve, resulting in a gradual decline in the bearing capacity of a single pile. The pile-soil interface temperature is always higher than the adjacent ground temperature at the same depth. Adfreezing force of the pile-soil interface decreases due to the increase in ground temperature and water content. With the deepening of z a , the peak point of the shaft resistance decreases from −30 cm to −60 cm under the ultimate state. Meanwhile, with more axial load transfer along the pile shaft to the pile tip, the share ratio of pile tip resistance to ultimate stress gradually increases. In addition, the temperature rise of frozen soil at the pile tip accelerates the settling rate of the pile, which eventually causes the pile foundation failure. • Climate warming threatens buildings in the Pan Arctic permafrost regions. • Tests are performed to investigate the bearing capacity of building pile. • Revealed the evolution law of pile bearing capacity during permafrost degradation. • The pile adfreezing force decreases with increasing ground temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has become a serious environmental matter of global concern. This paper attempts to verify if there is climatic change in Sub-Saharan Africa with the help of monthly station data from January 1901 to December 2020 on the mean temperatures of 48 countries of Sub-Saharan Africa. To do this, we employ fractional integration to account for the data's probable long memory feature. However, because other statistical features such as linear trends and seasonality might also be present in the data, we propose a broad framework that treats these three characteristics (long-range dependence, time trends, and seasonality) in a unified treatment. We first note that long memory is an observed feature in the data and using the original data, the time trends are found to be significant in Southern and Eastern countries, with higher coefficients being observed when the post-War II data are employed. When looking at the anomalies with respect to selected periods, long memory is found in all cases, and a higher number of trends are detected. Thus, 41 countries show significant time trends, with the values being higher again in the post WW2 sample, suggesting that industrialization might have contributed to global warming. The results also indicate some degree of heterogeneity across the African countries. • Examined mean temperatures in 48 countries through a monthly sample spanning January 1901 to December 2020. • Long memory is an observed feature in the data. • Time trends are found to be significantly positive in Southern and Eastern countries. • Higher coefficients are observed when the post-War II data are employed. • The results also indicate some degree of heterogeneity across the African countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Transition zones are the hotspots of bioclimatic changes under global warming. • Global warming extends growing season lengths but increases heat and water stresses. • Sustainable grasslands in China shrink and shift northwestward with global warming. Bioclimatic response to global warming is a key linkage between anthropogenic climate change and ecosystem sustainability, particularly for the impact-prone climate transition zones. This paper examines changes in heat-water conditions from 2006 to 2100 across China, using the fifth generation climate reanalysis from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ERA5) and bias-adjusted climate projections by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). We then assess the effects of these changes on habitat suitability for responsive ecosystems using a species distribution model. The results reveal significant changes in bioclimatic environments across dry–wet climate transition zones under the present-day climate and the RCP8.5 scenario. By the end of the 21st century, local growing season length (GSL) could extend by 60 days and 30 % of the GSL could be under heat stress. Water conditions worsen overall in both the air and the soil, despite some improvements in the middle parts of transition zones. With altered heat-water conditions, sustainable grasslands shift northwestward, with a reduction of approximately 131 million km2 (46.6 % relative to 2006–2010) in total area. These changes primarily arise from alterations in winter and spring heat-water conditions. Our findings highlight the climate transition zones as hotspots of ecosystem vulnerability demanding particular attention in impact assessment and adaptation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally there are concerns over a warming climate and the UK has declared a climate and ecological emergency and has an ambitious programme for the growth of offshore windfarms to contribute to commitments to achieving a legally binding Net Zero for greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Offshore windfarm consenting is comparatively mature in the UK but evidence gaps to inform impact assessment and uncertainty to inform decision making has led to a precautionary approach that slows the speed of consent decisions. This paper examines the approach to UK offshore windfarm consenting, reviews the precautionary but risk-based approach that environmental decision makers have adopted in light of evidence gaps, and summarises how the collection of empirical data and reviews of evidence collected from operational windfarms has improved scientific knowledge and focussed decision making. A summary is also provided of the enduring legislative safeguards that apply during the lifetime of any consent and recommendations are made on the risk appetite that advisers and decision makers should adopt in view of policy that seeks to accelerate sectoral growth whilst enhancing nature recovery. • The UK has an ambitious programme for the construction of offshore windfarms. • Environmental evidence gaps lead to a precautionary approach that slows consenting. • Consenting should use a risk-based approach and an appropriate risk-appetite. • Empirical data and reviews of evidence are needed to improve scientific knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We investigated the impacts of bedding and outdoor runs on pig welfare and environment. • Bedding improved aspects of pig welfare, e.g. exploratory behaviour and oral stereotypies. • Acidification was higher on farms with bedding due to emissions from farm yard manure. • Global warming/freshwater eutrophication did not significantly differ due to farm variability. • Manure management innovations are needed to reduce emissions on farms with bedding. Providing bedding or access to an outdoor run are husbandry aspects intended to improve pig welfare, which is currently financially supported through animal welfare schemes in several European countries. However, they may significantly affect the environment through changes in feed efficiency and manure management. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to compare farms differing in animal welfare relevant husbandry aspects regarding (1) the welfare of growing-finishing pigs and (2) environmental impact categories such as global warming (GW), acidification (AC), and freshwater (FE) and marine eutrophication (ME), by employing an attributional Life Cycle Assessment. We collected data on 50 farms with growing-finishing pigs in seven European countries. Ten animal-based welfare indicators were aggregated into three pig welfare indices using principal component analysis. Cluster analysis of farms based on husbandry aspects resulted in three clusters: NOBED (31 farms without bedding or outdoor run), BED (11 farms with bedding only) and BEDOUT (eight farms with bedding and outdoor run). Pigs on farms with bedding (BED and BEDOUT) manipulated enrichment more often (P < 0.001), pen fixtures less frequently (P = 0.003) and showed fewer oral stereotypies (P < 0.001) than pigs on NOBED farms. There were fewer pigs with a short(er) tail on farms with than without bedding (P < 0.001). Acidification of BEDOUT and BED farms was significantly higher (compared to NOBED farms P = 0.002) due to higher ammonia emissions related to farmyard manure. Also, BEDOUT farms had higher ME than NOBED farms (P = 0.035). There were no significant differences regarding GW and FE between husbandry clusters, due to the large variability within clusters regarding feed composition and conversion. Therefore, both husbandry aspects associated with improved animal welfare have a significant influence on some environmental impacts, such as acidification and marine eutrophication. Nevertheless, the large variation within clusters suggests that trade-offs may be minimised through e.g. AC and ME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two economic activities have been integrated in southern Brazil: olive cultivation and sheep farming. The favorable edaphoclimatic conditions in the southern region for cultivating olive trees and cultural preferences for the consumption of sheep meat make this integration a valuable strategy. Considering that every activity causes environmental impact and the exploitation of natural resources, new systems that promote sustainable development and the efficient use of these resources become necessary. This paper presents the first study of the carbon footprint of the life cycle of integrating of sheep and olive farming, with the objective to build an inventory based on primary data collected on olive and sheep farms in Brazil, determine the carbon footprint of the conventional and integrated system and estimate the potential for mitigating GHG emissions. The evaluation was performed using the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The study focuses on the detailed analysis of the processes and activities that are responsible for GHG emissions, including enteric methane emissions, methane emissions from manure management, emissions from nitrogen fertilizer use and limestone application and energy consumption. For this, two major scenarios were considered, the first centered around on the traditional olive cultivation and sheep farming systems individually, and the second involved their synergistic integration. The findings indicate that the conventional system is associated with a global warming impact of 6.8 kg CO 2 eq per liter olive oil and kg live weight. In contrast, the integrated system demonstrates a significant mitigation potential of 27.7%, resulting in a reduced global warming impact of 4.92 kg CO 2 eq. This advantage is a consequence of the synergy between the systems, as they now occupy the same area, which allows the sharing of agricultural activities and agrochemical inputs, in addition to optimizing nutrient recycling and complementing each other. Additionally, the results of a sensitivity analysis showed that enteric methane from sheep and the application of limestone to the soil are the most influential parameters on the carbon footprint, indicating that they are key parameters for the development of GHG mitigation strategies, some of which were discussed in the article. • First life cycle assessment of integration between olive and sheep farming in Brazil. • The inventory was constructed with primary data collected in situ. • The study assesses the carbon footprint of the olive and sheep farming system. • The results show environmental advantages of the integration of olive and sheep farming systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for sustainability and reduction of human impact on the planet has led to discussions about environmental efficiency in the manufacture and use of automotive vehicles. The advancement of environmental and government laws has encouraged the automotive industry to seek constant improvements in safety, fuel economy and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve these goals, reducing the weight of vehicles has been considered a relevant strategy, with several research and development efforts in search of high-tech materials and innovative design. The assessment of the life cycle of vehicles, from the extraction of raw materials to the end of their useful life, is essential for estimating environmental impacts. In this context, this paper focuses on the life cycle analysis of vehicles with new generation steel structures (Body in White Solution) compared to current steels (Body in White Baseline), aiming at reducing greenhouse gas emissions by reducing of the thickness of the steel plates, maintaining the mechanical properties necessary to guarantee the safety of the vehicle. The methodology of this study was divided into the evaluation of Body in White (BIW) mass in current steels (Baseline) and in advanced high resistance steels (Solution); detailing the vehicular life cycle from the extraction of materials to its end of life; in the estimation of greenhouse gas emissions through simulation and in the comparison of vehicle emissions with BIW in current steels and in advanced high resistance steels. As a result, it was possible to observe that, in the comparison of the CO 2 footprint, modeled in the Eco Audit, there is a 15% reduction in emissions in the CO 2 footprint for the BIW solution, as well as a 7% reduction in the C eq total , in the on-site test and a saving of 260.40 L in fuel consumption, that is, the reduction in vehicle weight plays a significant role in reducing CO 2 emissions, providing a mitigation factor for global warming. [Display omitted] • There is a 15% reduction in emissions in the CO2 footprint for the BIW solution. • There is a 7% reduction in the Ceq total, in the on-site test. • Reduction in vehicle weight plays a significant role in reducing CO2 emissions. • Providing a mitigation factor for global warming. • There is a fuel economy of 260.4 L over the vehicle's life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Carbon Capture Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology technology is systematically introduced, focusing on the carbon capture technology based on alcoholic amine solution and analyzing the advantages and shortcomings of the technology; • Alcohol-amine carbon dioxide absorbers are divided into five types: single-phase alcohol-amine solution, alcohol-amine + organic solvent, alcohol-amine + ionic liquid, mixed alcohol-amine solution and phase-change alcohol-amine, which systematically introduces the research progress of the current alcohol-amine absorbers and points out the development direction of the absorbers; • The carbon capture process and system components are systematically introduced, and the influence of system parameters on the capture effect is summarized based on the current relevant research articles; • In view of the limitations of the current carbon capture system, some reasonable ideas for optimizing the carbon capture system are summarized. CO 2 emissions are the primary cause of global warming and climate anomalies. Reducing CO 2 emissions to arrest or mitigate global warming has been a hot topic of discussion. Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is an effective carbon reduction technology, in which the chemical absorption method based on amine solution is the most promising and widely used carbon capture technology among the CCUS technologies, but the high energy consumption of its regeneration increases the cost of carbon capture and restricts the promotion of CCUS technology. This paper firstly introduces the process of CCUS technology, and reviews the current development of carbon capture technology based on alcoholic amine solution from three perspectives, including the development of absorbent, the influence of the operating parameters of the carbon capture system on the capture effect, and the optimization of the carbon capture system, with regard to the carbon capture technology of alcoholic amine solution. Research results show that the current popular optimization directions include: developing new absorbents with high CO 2 absorption rate and low regeneration energy consumption; analyzing the material, temperature and energy distribution of the system through thermodynamic methods, such as exergy analysis and pinch analysis, to properly operate the whole carbon capture system; optimizing the traditional carbon capture system, for example, by changing the feed method of the absorbent to achieve a more efficient capture, introducing energy-saving equipment, such as heat pumps, to increase the energy efficiency of the system or by coupling it with solar power, LNG, or other clean energy sources, to achieve the reasonable integration of multistage energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Significantly changes of LAI and GPP mostly occurred in eastern and southern China. • Divergence between LAI and GPP were found in regions with dense vegetation coverage. • The importance of VPD, SM, and PT to vegetation indices increased as latitude decreases. Climate change notably boosts terrestrial hydraulic redistribution pattern, which could directly affect the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of vegetation productivity. However, the spatiotemporal evolution pattern of long-term hydrometeorological controls of vegetation productivity is still not fully understood. This paper comprehensively explored the impacts of hydrometeorological controls on leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP) in China during 1982–2015 using both satellite observations and reanalysis. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD), evapotranspiration (ET), precipitation (PT), and soil moisture (SM) were used as representative indicators during investigation. The dynamics of LAI and GPP displayed increasing trends on the whole. And significantly changes mostly occurred in eastern and southern China, accompanied by moderate to dense vegetation coverage. An accelerated increasing trend for LAI could be observed since September 2003 (+0.175 per decade), while the growth rate of GPP (+16.76 g C/m2 per decade) basically maintained stable. In terms of hydrometeorological controls, VPD and ET showed consistently increasing trend and SM presented falling trend in the context of warming climate. Through analysis of feature importance index established by Random Forest, the importance of VPD, SM, and PT obviously increased as latitude decreases, which implied the high sensitivity of vegetation in semi-humid\humid regions to water availability. Additionally, divergence between LAI and GPP can be found in southern Tibet Plateau region and coastal regions, which provides compelling evidence that in the case of high LAI, increasing LAI could weaken the improvement effect on GPP. Findings of this study is expected to promote the understanding of long-term vegetation responses to hydrometeorological variations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

· Most marine turtles have a typical annual nesting season, and the number of nests laid during a season can be used as a proxy for population size to define trends and conservation status. · However, in some cases, two peaks in female emergences are detected during single year. · We show that estimates that fail to consider this bimodality into account can provide biased results both in terms of describing the phenology and quantifying the number of nests. · The shifts in nesting could be a strategy to adapt to present-day incubation temperatures, hatching success rates, and sex ratios in the context of climate warming. The seasonality of egg-laying in marine turtles is a well-known phenomenon that has been used to determine population trends based on an integration of the number of female emergences or nests during a season. However, in some cases, several peaks in female emergences are detected during single year. In this paper, we explore three such situations, two involving leatherback turtles laying eggs in French Guiana and in Northwest Coast of Papua, Indonesia and another involving green turtles in the Indian Ocean. In the three cases, we demonstrate the existence of a bimodal nesting season using a new statistical model. With this model, we show that estimates that fail to consider this bimodality into account can provide biased results both in terms of describing the phenology and quantifying the number of nests. The origin of these different groups of females is discussed based on the available information. This new model opens the door to a more rigorous analysis of egg-laying seasonality in marine turtles. Such rigor is essential in the current context of climate change, where shifts in seasonality can have a major influence on these species due to their temperature-sensitive sex determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most studies on the relationship between global warming and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) rely on simulation experiments, but they have produced contradictory results, which cannot guarantee the reliability of the experimental findings. To address this challenge, we approached the issue from the perspective of objective ENSO and global warming signals. The effects of global warming on ENSO are not limited to the Earth's surface, but also present in the atmosphere. While objective monitoring indices exist for surface global warming and ENSO signals, objective ENSO and global warming signals in the atmosphere are difficult to obtain. To obtain high-precision ENSO and global warming signals in the atmosphere, we propose using the strategy of ICA (Independent Component Analysis) combined with a non-parametric method. The results of the objective ENSO and global warming signals suggest that the global warming signal leads the ENSO signal by approximately three months and exhibits a clear positive correlation with the ENSO signal, especially the occurrence of strong ENSO events is closely related to global warming, indicating that global warming promotes the occurrence of ENSO events. Under the influence of global warming, the frequency and intensity of ENSO increase, the characteristics and complexity of ENSO atmospheric teleconnections may be altered, and there is a greater tendency for more destructive El Niño events to occur. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the probability of ENSO event has increased significantly. Furthermore, moderate or strong ENSO events tend to develop earlier, and extreme ENSO events not only develop earlier but also prolong their decay phase, leading to an extended lifespan of ENSO events. This paper investigates the effect of global warming on ENSO from the perspectives of objective ENSO and global warming signals, which well supplements the objective factual basis for the previous simulation experimental studies. • Most simulation studies on the relationship between global warming and ENSO cannot guarantee the authenticity ofresults • We investigated the relationship between global warming and ENSO from the perspective of objective signals. • To obtain ENSO and global warming signals, we proposed the strategy of ICA combined with a non-parametric method. • The results suggest that the global warming signal exhibits a clear positive correlation with the ENSO signal. • Under influence of global warming, frequency, lifespan, intensity and atmospheric teleconnections of ENSO may be altered [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-front transport is a vital process in the offshore transport of terrestrial materials. The factors influencing cross-front transport are multifaceted and exhibit regional variability. As important factors regulating material transport patterns in the shelf seas of eastern China, the East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) and Kuroshio current (including its branches) vary on multiple time scales, yet their role in controlling offshore transport is not fully understood. In this paper, cross-front offshore transport in the North Yellow Sea is chosen to investigate the aforementioned issue using numerical simulation. By excluding other potential processes for offshore transport, frontal instability is identified as the primary mechanism for offshore transport, which is triggered by winter storms (bursts of the EAWM); hence, the intensity of offshore transport is highly associated with the strength of winter storms on synoptic scales. However, on the inter-annual scale, the intensity of offshore transport is more likely regulated by the strength of the Kuroshio current, and a warming Kuroshio facilitates offshore transport. Although the role of each factor in controlling the intensity of offshore transport is delineated, the interactive effects of the EAWM and Kuroshio current on offshore transport are quite intricate, and how to quantitatively estimate their roles on multiple time scales remains a challenge using modelling. The results obtained from this study can be applied to analyse cross-front transport throughout the eastern China seas and bear significant implications for future studies on pollutant diffusion, nutrient distribution, and sediment transport in the coastal area. • Cross-front transport around the Shandong Peninsula was revealed using a numerical model. • EAWM and Kuroshio affect the strength of cross-front transport on different time scales. • With global warming, the temperature of Kuroshio might gradually become the primary control of cross-front transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an innovative framework is introduced for assessing the impact of climate change on coastal structures, with a primary emphasis on modeling future climate conditions. The framework encompasses several key components: the development of a new climate emulator to facilitate multivariate extreme value analysis; a hybrid statistical–numerical wave propagation strategy; and the integration of a novel compound modeling approach specific to coastal structure sites. These advancements are designed to effectively manage multiple climate scenarios and models within the context of high uncertainty. The methodology is applied and validated for a coastal structure located on the Mediterranean coast in Spain. Focusing on compound wave and sea-level events, the projections indicate an increase in the frequency and severity of extreme conditions, exacerbating coastal impacts such as wave overtopping. For instance, the present-day 500-year coastal flooding level would be associated with a return period of 50 years by mid-century under a stabilization scenario and would be further reduced to 25 years under a high-emission global warming scenario, resulting in important consequences for structure performance if no adaptation is implemented. • Develops a framework for assessing the impact of climate change on coastal structures. • It develops a new climate emulator to facilitate multivariate extreme value analysis. • It encompasses a hybrid statistical–numerical wave propagation strategy. • It integrates a novel compound modeling approach specific to coastal structures sites. • It has been applied and validated for a coastal structure in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Impact of global warming on corporate reputation scores and rating is examined. • Data on Chinese listed firms from 2012 to 2022 and panel regressions are used. • Global warming (measured by average urban temperature) negatively affects corporate reputation. • Firm risk-taking counteracts the negative impact of rising temperatures on corporate reputation. • Location, industry, and ESG ranking influence firm's sensitivity to negative impact. This paper examines the impact of global warming on corporate reputation. Using data on Chinese listed firms from 2012 to 2022, corporate reputation scores and ratings are constructed, and panel regressions conducted. The findings demonstrate a significantly negative impact of global warming (as measured by the average urban temperature) on corporate reputation. Firm risk-taking counteracts the negative impact of rising temperatures on corporate reputation, highlighting its ability to circumvent reputational damage under climate change. Firms located in non-resource cities, operating in non-labour-intensive industries, and boasting top environmental, social, and governance (ESG) rankings are more sensitive to the negative impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the decarbonization of the power industry has gained increasing attention as global warming problem has become more acute. However, the existing system planning models targeting to tackle emission reduction rarely consider to improve the flexibility of power system. In this paper, a co-planning model considering the expansion of carbon capture and storage (CCS) units and energy storage systems (ESSs) is proposed, in which the carbon emission target is embedded in the objective function via setting different carbon emission tax. Here, the system flexibility is improved by Source-Load-Storage (SLS) response, which is achieved via CCS units, ESSs and flexible load. In addition, a subsidy method for cost recovery based on Vickrey-Clark-Groves (VCG) mechanism is proposed to stimulate market members participating in SLS response. Numerical results from a modified IEEE 118-bus power system illustrate the impact on system cost and emission results owing to specific carbon emission tax, investment budget and SLS response. Finally, we display the contribution rate and subsidy of different participants in a typical day. • We propose an expansion co-planning model of ESSs and CCS units. • Source-load-storage response is considered at operation stage. • A methodology based on VCG mechanism is designed for cost recovery. • Our model provides a transition solution towards low-carbon power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid, anthropogenic activity–induced global warming is a severe problem that not only raises water temperatures but also shifts aquatic environments by increasing the bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs), with potentially complicated effects on aquatic organisms, including small aquatic invertebrates. For this paper, we investigated the combined effects of temperature (23 and 28 °C) and methylmercury (MeHg) by measuring physiological changes, bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, antioxidants, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. High temperature and MeHg adversely affected the survival rate, lifespan, and population of rotifers, and bioaccumulation, oxidative stress, and biochemical reactions depended on the developmental stage, with neonates showing higher susceptibility than adults. These findings demonstrate that increased temperature enhances potentially toxic effects from MeHg, and susceptibility differs with the developmental stage. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the combined effects of elevated temperature and MeHg on rotifers. Methylmercury (MeHg) is a widespread and harmful heavy metal that can induce lethal effects on aquatic organisms in even trace amounts. The toxicity of metals can vary depending on various environmental conditions. In particular, rising temperatures are considered a major factor affecting bioavailability and toxicity by changing the sensitivity of organisms. However, there are few studies on the combinational effects of high temperatures and MeHg on aquatic animals, especially invertebrates. Our research would contribute to understanding the actual responses of aquatic organisms to complex aquatic environments. [Display omitted] • Combined effects of increased temperature and MeHg were measured in B. plicatilis. • High temperature and MeHg adversely caused the physiological change of the rotifers. • Bioaccumulation and biochemical responses depend on the stages of the rotifers. • Susceptibility to high temperature and MeHg differed with the developmental stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The extent of flooding in China is greater than in any other country. • Nearly 66% of China's landmass is submerged by flooding. • Financial toll of flooding accounts for approximately 1.42% of the annual GDP. • Various forms of climatic change contribute to flooding. The extent of flooding in China is more significant than in any other country. Our research reveals that approximately 66 % of China's landmass is submerged by flooding, affecting about 50 % of the population. Furthermore, the financial toll of flooding now accounts for approximately 1.42 % of the annual gross domestic product (GDP), which is almost 40 times higher than the corresponding figure for the United States. We have observed that Zhengzhou city in Henan province, which faced a devastating flood in 2021, received a significant amount of rainfall, specifically a total of 552.5 mm within a 24-hour period. The floods in Henan province in 2021 caused considerable damage, including impacting nearly 15 million people, resulting in almost 400 deaths, damaging over 10,000 square kilometers of agricultural land, causing almost $19 billion in economic losses, and leading to the collapse of over 35,000 households and damage to various properties. In a similar manner, the significant flooding that occurred in southern China in 2020 impacted approximately 7.1 million individuals across eight provinces and resulted in 54 fatalities, the collapse of 6,700 houses, and incurred a direct economic loss of US$3.33 billion. We found that rainstorms have significantly increased to 10 % in the last 60 years in China. In this paper, we delved into exploring the existing published articles, reports, and government and authoritative legal texts to analyze the causes and impacts of flooding in China's flood-prone regions and potential mitigation strategies to reduce the repercussions of distressing flood events. We believe this study will help policymakers by providing new insights while formulating policy to reduce the loss caused by high-level flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]