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Conflict-affected youth are at risk for poor psychological and social outcomes, yet few receive mental health services. Strategies to expand access and sustain evidence-based interventions (EBIs) across novel delivery platforms must be tested. The present study was a hybrid type II implementation-effectiveness trial using a cluster randomized design. The primary goal was to evaluate feasibility and impact of using the collaborative team approach to deliver the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI), an EBI, integrated into a youth entrepreneurship program (ENTR) with quality control in post-conflict Sierra Leone. Youth were screened and randomly assigned to control, ENTR, or combined YRI and ENTR (YRI+ENTR). Implementation outcomes were dissemination and implementation indicators, competence, and fidelity. Effectiveness outcomes were emotion regulation, psychological distress, and interpersonal functioning. Secondary outcomes were third-party reporter assessments of youth functioning and behavior. Data were collected and analyzed from 1,151 youth participants and 528 third-party reporters. Scores on implementation constructs, competence, and fidelity demonstrated acceptable intervention response and quality. YRI+ENTR participants showed overall improvements in depression (β = −.081, 95% CI −0.124 to −0.038, d = −0.154) and anxiety (β = −.043, 95% CI −0.091 to −0.005, d = 0.082) symptoms compared with control participants. Community leaders indicated that YRI+ENTR participants demonstrated improvements in overall work or training performance compared with control participants (β = −.114, 95% CI 0.004 to 0.232, d = 0.374). Integration of EBIs such as the YRI into youth employment programs has the potential to address limited reach of EBIs in conflict and post-conflict settings. A collaborative team implementation approach can facilitate integration and fidelity. In a Hybrid Type-II Implementation-Effectiveness trial conducted in Sierra Leone, researchers tested a Collaborative Team Approach (CTA) for delivering an evidence-based mental health intervention, the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI), within a youth entrepreneurship program. A total of 1,151 youth participated in the study, with outcomes measured on youth mental health indicators of emotional regulation, psychological distress, and interpersonal functioning, as well as implementation indicators, competence, and fidelity. Results demonstrated that the integrated YRI and entrepreneurship program led to significant improvements in depression and anxiety symptoms compared to the control group. Community leaders also noted enhanced overall performance in YRI participants, suggesting that integrating evidence-based interventions into youth employment programs can effectively address mental health challenges in low-resource regions. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented sexual and/or gender groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. One or more of the authors of this paper received support from a program designed to increase minority representation in science. Youth FORWARD Phase 2 YRI and EPP Study; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ; NCT03542500. Youth Functioning and Organizational Success for West African Regional Development (Youth FORWARD): Study Protocol; https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.202000009. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the very early emotional experiences in a child's life are recognized today as foundational in the mental health of becoming an adult. Unsurprisingly, clinicians and health authorities agree on the importance of early detection and treatment of any mental health issues experienced by the preschool child. This is even more important and challenging as young children do not yet have the language skills necessary to express their distress. But do the caregivers in charge of these populations have the best tools at their disposal to carry out that important mission in an efficient and scientifically robust manner reflecting the latest research findings and scientific literature? This is the question we try to answer in this paper. We revisited the theoretical underpinnings behind the concept of mentalization as playing a key role in the ability to understand the other's inner reality. We then carried out an extensive review of scientific papers written over the past 30 years on the subject. We examined mental representations of the adult on the child and analyzed those mentalizations as key inputs. We focused on extracting cross analyses of the mentalizations of one child by several adults with different functions in the life of the child. In this process, we used the PRISMA methodology applied to large international medical databases. We found that the qualitative approach, usually associated with a lengthy process, has been overwhelmingly used in trying to assess patients' mental states and to analyze the mentalizations on the patient, adult or child. Furthermore, cross analyses of mentalizations from more than one adult on a given child were almost nonexistent, despite having high epistemic and clinical potential. There is a dearth of reliable quantitative tools, able to capture and analyze the mentalizations on a patient, that are scientifically robust, transposable, and easy to implement in a clinical setting. The absence of such tools for medical professionals in charge of assessing preschool children contributes, in our view, the low detection and poor treatment of mental disorders in that particularly vulnerable population. We believe there is here an urgent unmet need and that such tools should be designed, validated, and deployed into the target populations as early as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in mental health problems, such as depression. Depression is a major cause of disability and can affect anyone. It is important to seek early detection and treatment for depression, as it can have a significant impact on a person's life. This research paper explores the complex and multifaceted nature of human personality using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria and Eysenck's personality traits questionnaire. The paper then outlines the methodology employed, involving the collection of data through surveys consisting of 66 questions divided into six forms. DSM-5 criteria are applied to assess depressive episodes, while Eysenck's questionnaire evaluates personality traits. The paper's approach involves two stages: predicting personality traits and estimating stress levels. Multiple machine learning models are utilized for these predictions. The results of this study highlight the effectiveness of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier, which consistently outperforms other models, achieving impressive accuracy in predicting both personality traits, such as extroversion and neuroticism, and stress levels. Notably, SVM demonstrates its prowess with an accuracy of 91.43% in predicting stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is the third of four papers updating standards for the care of pwCF. • Monitoring and treating lung infection is important in all people with CF. • People with more advanced CF disease need holistic individualised care. • This should balance quality of life, treatment burden and clinical outcomes. • The CF team delivers lifelong care through advanced disease and end of life. This is the third in a series of four papers updating the European Cystic Fibrosis Society (ECFS) standards for the care of people with CF. This paper focuses on recognising and addressing CF health issues. The guidance was produced with wide stakeholder engagement, including people from the CF community, using an evidence-based framework. Authors contributed sections, and summary statements which were reviewed by a Delphi consultation. Monitoring and treating airway infection, inflammation and pulmonary exacerbations remains important, despite the widespread availability of CFTR modulators and their accompanying health improvements. Extrapulmonary CF-specific health issues persist, such as diabetes, liver disease, bone disease, stones and other renal issues, and intestinal obstruction. These health issues require multidisciplinary care with input from the relevant specialists. Cancer is more common in people with CF compared to the general population, and requires regular screening. The CF life journey requires mental and emotional adaptation to psychosocial and physical challenges, with support from the CF team and the CF psychologist. This is particularly important when life gets challenging, with disease progression requiring increased treatments, breathing support and potentially transplantation. Planning for end of life remains a necessary aspect of care and should be discussed openly, honestly, with sensitivity and compassion for the person with CF and their family. CF teams should proactively recognise and address CF-specific health issues, and support mental and emotional wellbeing while accompanying people with CF and their families on their life journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual minority (SM) youth experience a greater mental health burden compared with their heterosexual peers. This study aimed to characterize mental health disparities among SM compared with non-SM youth, test main and interactive associations of SM identity and stressors targeting SM youth at the individual level (interpersonal SM discrimination) and structural level (state-level structural SM stigma) with youth mental health, and explore the contribution of interpersonal SM discrimination to the mental health burden of SM youth. Participants included 11,622 youth (ages 9-13; 47.6% assigned female at birth) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Linear mixed-effects models tested main and interactive associations of SM identity, interpersonal SM discrimination, and structural SM stigma with mental health measures (self-reported overall psychopathology, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts), adjusting for demographics and other interpersonal stressors not specific to SM (other discrimination types, peer victimization, and cyberbullying). Longitudinal mediation models tested whether interpersonal SM discrimination mediated the associations between SM identity and mental health measures. SM youth (n = 1,051) experienced more interpersonal SM discrimination and overall psychopathology compared with their non-SM peers (n = 10,571). Adjusting for demographics, there were significant associations (main effects) of interpersonal SM discrimination and structural SM stigma with overall psychopathology. When further adjusting for other non-SM–related stressors, the main effect of structural SM stigma was no longer significant. Interpersonal SM discrimination was also significantly associated with suicidal ideation and attempt, accounting for demographics, while structural SM stigma was not. Accounting for both demographics and other non-SM stressors, there was a significant interaction between SM identity and structural SM stigma in association with psychopathology (p =.02), such that, compared with their peers, SM youth showed a greater association between structural SM stigma and psychopathology. Longitudinal mediation revealed that interpersonal SM discrimination was a significant mediator explaining approximately 10% to 15% of the variance of the pathways between SM identity and all mental health outcomes. Results delineate contributions of interpersonal discrimination and structural stigma targeting SM youth to their heightened mental health burden in early adolescence. These findings underscore the need to address microlevel and macrolevel SM discrimination and structural stigma when caring for this population. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. The author list of this paper includes contributors from the location and/or community where the research was conducted who participated in the data collection, design, analysis, and/or interpretation of the work. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irritability is a transdiagnostic indicator of child and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems that is measurable from early life. The objective of this systematic review was to determine the strength of the association between irritability measured from 0 to 5 years and later internalizing and externalizing problems, to identify mediators and moderators of these relationships, and to explore whether the strength of the association varied according to irritability operationalization. Relevant studies published in peer-reviewed, English-language journals between the years 2000 and 2021 were sought from EMBASE, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ERIC. We synthesized studies that included a measure of irritability within the first 5 years of life and reported associations with later internalizing and/or externalizing problems. Methodological quality was assessed using the JBI-SUMARI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Of 29,818 identified studies, 98 met inclusion criteria, with a total number of 932,229 participants. Meta-analysis was conducted on 70 studies (n = 831,913). Small, pooled associations were observed between infant irritability (0-12 months) and later internalizing (r = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.20) and externalizing symptoms (r = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.11, 0.21) symptoms. For toddler/preschool irritability (13-60 months), small-to-moderate pooled associations were observed for internalizing (r = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.14, 0.28) and externalizing (r = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.29) symptoms. These associations were not moderated by the lag between irritability and outcome assessment, although the strength of the associations varied according to irritability operationalization. Early irritability is a consistent transdiagnostic predictor of internalizing and externalizing symptoms in childhood and adolescence. More work is required to understand how to accurately characterize irritability across this developmental period, and to understand mechanisms underlying the relationship between early irritability and later mental health problems. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as living with a disability. We actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our author group. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. Early irritability as a transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental vulnerability to early onset mental health problems: A systematic review; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ ; CRD42020214658. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) commonly experience co-occurring diagnoses, which are often overlooked and misdiagnosed and have detrimental impacts on accessing appropriate services. The prevalence of these co-occurring diagnoses varies widely in the existing literature and has not been examined in PAE without an FASD diagnosis. A search was conducted in five databases and the reference sections of three review papers, finding a total of 2180 studies. 57 studies were included in the final analysis with a cumulative sample size of 29,644. Bayesian modeling was used to determine aggregate prevalence rates of co-occurring disorders and analyze potential moderators. 82 % of people with PAE had a co-occurring diagnosis. All disorders had a higher prevalence in individuals with PAE than the general population with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, learning disorder, and intellectual disability (ID) being the most prevalent. Age, diagnostic status, and sex moderated the prevalence of multiple disorders. While prevalence of disorders is crucial information, it does not provide a direct representation of daily functioning and available supports. Results should be interpreted in collaboration with more individualized research to provide the most comprehensive representation of the experience of individuals with PAE. Co-occurring diagnoses are extremely prevalent in people with PAE, with older individuals, females, and those diagnosed with FASD being most at risk for having a co-occurring disorder. These findings provide a more rigorous examination of the challenges faced by individuals with PAE than has existed in the literature, providing clinicians with information to ensure early identification and effective treatment of concerns to prevent lifelong challenges. • No study has examined mental health prevalence rates in individuals with PAE but not FASD. • 57 articles including 29,644 individuals with alcohol exposure were found and analyzed. • 82 % of individuals with alcohol exposure have at least one co-occurring disorder • Older individuals, females, and those with an FASD diagnosis had higher prevalences of multiple disorders.. • These findings help inform both the diagnosis and support of individuals with alcohol exposure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native Americans residing in remote reservation communities find strength in connection to place, culture, language, and sovereignty; they also face challenges as their communities struggle with historical and contemporary traumas that have resulted in poverty, high crime and suicide rates and drug misuse. The psychological well-being of Head Start teachers who teach and support the needs of Native American children, is overlooked. Qualitative interviews (n = 18) and focus groups (n = 9) were conducted with Head Start teachers, supervisors, parents, and ancillary staff to identify risk and protective factors at each level of the socioecological model (individual, relationships, community, society). Using content analysis and F4 analyse software two coders identified recurring themes. Individually teachers are resilient, focused more on the children's well-being than their own. Family was both significant support and stressor. Community struggles with drug and alcohol misuse and homelessness were the most frequent stressors. Workplace support included their supervisors and the mentorship they provided each other. Spirituality in the form traditional cultural practices, prayer and Christen faith were important sources of support and well-being. This paper provides insight into the stress and coping mechanisms of reservation-based Head Start teachers, identifying ways to protect and promote their health and well-being. It is important to provide support at all levels of the socioecological model to enable these teachers to strengthen their physical and psychological health and wellbeing so that they may support the children and families of Head Start to help strengthen Native American health overall. • Reservation-based Native Head Start teachers are an understudied population. • Spiritual practices – traditional and Christian – are important sources of support. • Study participants are more concerned about community than workplace stresses. • COVID-19 heightened the need to care for teacher psychological health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Currently, there is significant global interest in the harms associated with ultra-processed foods. • The term 'ultra-processed food' is not a new term; it has been in use for nearly half a century. • As evidenced by Food Day 1975 and other events, concern over ultra-processed foods was part of the holistic and environmental health movements of the 1970–80 s. • Nutrition advocates concerned about the harms of ultra-processed foods were often labeled as 'food faddists' and 'pseudoscientists.'. • Historical omission and marginalization of persons and groups engaging in determined advocacy and clinical work has served to mask harms and allow multinational purveyors of ultra-processed products to influence global policy. The term 'ultra-processed food' emerged in the 1980s, mostly used in reference to highly-processed convenience foods and snacks, often energy-dense, poor in nutrients, and inclusive of various synthetic additives such as emulsifiers, colors, artificial sweeteners, and/or flavor enhancers. Concern over such foods was part of the growing holistic and environmental health movements of the 1970–80s; yet, those who raised alarm about the encroachment of ultra-processed foods were often labeled, especially by industry and their powerful allies, as 'food faddists' and 'pseudoscientists'. Today, the topic of ultra-processed foods is generating massive personal, public, and planetary health interest. However, other than discussing the history of the NOVA food classification system, a useful tool that has allowed researchers to more accurately separate foods based on processing, most lay media and academic articles are ahistorical. That is, there is a tendency to present the term ultra-processed food(s) as a relatively new entrance into the lexicon, and by default, the idea that health-related pushback on ultra-processed foods is a relatively new phenomenon. This omission overlooks decades of determined advocacy and clinical work, much of it by pioneers within the holistic medicine (now integrative, functional, and lifestyle medicine) movement. Here in this reflection paper, the authors will use historical research and reporting to fill in the historical gap and articulate the saliency of why it matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of depression related to precarious employment (PE) has become a significant public health concern, given the declining trend of the standard employment relationship. Research has focused on the mental health detrimental effects of employment conditions, whereas there is scarce evidence concerning the burden of depression that could be prevented by targeting precariousness. This paper estimates the impact of PE on the risk of depression and the attributable fraction within the active and working salaried population in Spain. Observational cross-sectional on data drawn from the Spanish portion of European Health Survey 2020. After applying selection criteria and descriptives, binary logistic regression models stratified by sex are used to examine the associations between a 9-categories combination of employment precariousness and occupational social class, and depressive symptoms. There is a higher risk of depression among individuals in PE and among those who are unemployed, with a notable gradient based on occupational social class for women. Adjusting by sex, age and foreign-born origin, we estimate that approximately 15.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0%–26.2%) of depression cases among the working population and 33.3% (95% CI: 23.2%-43.2) among the active population can be attributed to PE. These findings highlight the public health impact of PE on mental health, provide evidence to estimate the economic burden linked to employment-related mental health, and underscore the need for policy changes and interventions at the level of labour markets and workplaces to mitigate the detrimental effects of PE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prevailing view holds that the main goal of mental health promotion is to maintain and improve positive mental health, which is not merely defined by the absence of mental disorders, but by the presence of certain abilities. There are, however, challenges associated with this view that this paper aims to identify and explore. We start by highlighting three requirements for an ethically and politically justified mental health promotion scheme: (i) using a positive concept of mental health that (ii) respects the neutrality principle while (iii) not being overly permissive. Then, we argue that the WHO's positive concept of health violates (ii), and continue by exploring three philosophical accounts (i.e., Nordenfelt, 1995, 2017; Graham 2010; Wren-Lewis & Alexandrova, 2021) that could potentially provide a solution. We show that these face a dilemma of their own: they either violate (ii) or (iii), and they can rectify one issue only by violating the other. Considering the problems linked to the positive notion of health, the final section explores the alternate route of rejecting proposition (i) and instead embracing a negative concept of health. We argue that this option does not present a more advantageous solution. We conclude by highlighting the necessity for additional research to tackle the challenges we identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought global physical, psychological, social and occupational health challenges. Telework and hybrid work have been a necessary response that has sustained and transformed companies and work at a global level. The main objective of this paper is to understand and characterize how ecosystems of healthy work environments in the context of telework and hybrid work. The Healthy Workplace Model proposed by the World Health Organization (Burton, 2010) was adopted. Thus, we analyzed the relationship between core principles related to physical work environment, psychosocial work environment, organizational culture, enterprise internal and external social responsibility and resources for occupational health in teleworking and hybrid working contexts. The study involved a total of 1829 participants, 1246 (68.1%) female and 571 (31.2%) male. The age of the professionals varies between 18 and 72 years, with a mean of 43 years and standard deviation of 10.45. The Healthy Workplaces Ecosystems Tool (EATS) was used (Gaspar et al., 2022). 57% of participants were in telework, 16% in hybrid work and 27% in face-to-face work. The comparative results showed statistically significant differences in relation to all dimensions of healthy work environments between the three types of work. The professionals in hybrid work situations have a more positive perception of the organisational culture, psychosocial work environment, physical work environment, resources for health and social responsibility, and better mental health indicators. The professionals in hybrid situations are followed by the professionals in telecommuting and, finally, the professionals in face-to-face situations. Three linear regression models were performed to understand the factors that best explain the psychosocial risks related to mental health (PRMH) in the three types of work. The results reveal that for workers who are in face-to-face exclusive work what best explains PRMH (R2 =.41) is marital status, psychosocial environment, leadership commitment, professional engagement, physical environment and stress management skills. For professionals in hybrid work what best explains the PRMH (R2 =.36) is age, marital status, psychosocial environment, professional engagement and stress management skills. For teleworking professionals that best explains the PRMH (R2 =.39) is psychosocial environment, leadership commitment, professional engagement, community engagement/social responsibility, physical environment and stress management competencies. The results show that workers in hybrid situation reveal a more positive perception of the ecosystems of healthy work environment. The professionals who have exclusive face-to-face job are those who report a more negative perception of the work environment. For all workers, PRMH are explained by the psychosocial environment, the professional's involvement and stress management skills. Specificities are identified for each type of work that should be taken into account in the promotion of healthy work environment ecosystems adapted to the new types and diversity of work models in order to promote mental health and prevent psychosocial risks at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how work system theory (WST) was used to achieve the goal of creating an information system artifact that allows for both static and dynamic views of the work systems used in social care environments, in particular those of addiction peer support. In so doing, the internal environment, strategies, and infrastructure created the foundation upon which the Collaborative Health Information for Peer Support Specialists (CHIPSS) was implemented. Doing so was part of an organizational and state-sponsored strategy to streamline social care practices and enhance client care. Scenario-based requirements gathering was instrumental in ensuring that the work of the peer support specialist, rather than the information system, was the focus of the artifact. This study reports on the alignment of initial requirements to the final artifact. Results of a post-implementation survey suggest that the resulting requirements were well aligned with the initial requirements elucidated from the scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dans cette communication, nous montrons que la littérature sur la prévalence des troubles psychiatriques et liés à l'usage de substances en milieu pénitentiaire est riche. Son interprétation se heurte toutefois à plusieurs difficultés : (i) une grande hétérogénéité des systèmes judiciaire et de soins de santé mentale entre les pays et (ii) des spécificités de l'environnement carcéral parfois négligées dans la méthodologie des études. Forts de ce constat, nous développons les résultats d'un certain nombre de travaux de référence sur la prévalence des troubles psychiatriques et liés à l'usage de substances dans les prisons françaises. Nous discutons enfin les perspectives en termes d'épidémiologie psychiatrique en milieu pénitentiaire. In this paper, we show that the literature on the prevalence of psychiatric and susbtance use disorders in prisons is substantial. However, there are a number of difficulties one encounters in interpreting this literature: (i) there is considerable heterogeneity between countries' judicial and mental health care systems, and (ii) the specific features of the prison environment are sometimes overlooked in the methodology used to conduct such studies. With this in mind, we discuss a number of benchmark studies on the prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders in French prisons. Finally, we discuss the perspectives for psychiatric epidemiology in prisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New threats emerging with antitransgender and gender diverse legislation in many U.S. states. • Brief review of the sociopolitical climate, impact of the climate on TGD people, and challenges faced by mental health providers serving TGD clients. • Recommendations for supporting TGD clients in the current sociopolitical context and a call for advocacy. Despite efforts to improve the sociopolitical landscape for sexual and gender minorities, including legislation to ban sexual orientation and gender identity change efforts (SOGICE), new threats have arisen with a sharp increase in state legislatures enacting anti-TGD (transgender and gender diverse) legislation. Some of these laws and the accompanying hostile climate may prevent mental health providers from providing the best evidence-based care for their TGD clients. This paper briefly reviews the current sociopolitical climate, the impact of the climate on TGD people, and challenges faced by mental health providers serving TGD clients. We conclude with recommendations for supporting TGD clients in the current sociopolitical context and a call for advocacy to continue efforts to ban SOGICE and protect access to social, legal, and medical gender affirmation for youth and adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conversion practices cause significant harms to mental health and wellbeing. • Health practitioners typically have gaps in knowledge about these practices. • Practitioners need to be prepared to recognise, support and affirm survivors. • There is an urgent need for the health sector to be engaged with these issues. Conversion practices include a range of efforts that attempt to change or suppress LGBTQA+ individuals' sexual or gender identity. Formal versions of these practices are occurring less frequently in Western settings, yet informal versions and the ideology underpinning them continue to cause psychological and spiritual harm to people who are subjected to them. As evidence for the harmful nature of conversion practices increases, and some governments and professional bodies are responding with measures that restrict their use, there is a growing need for the mental health sector to be engaged with these issues so that practitioners are appropriately prepared to recognize and support survivors in ways that are effective and affirming of sexual and gender diversity. In this paper, we review the state of the evidence concerning associated harms and their lack of efficacy in changing sexuality or gender identity, and highlight the changing nature of research in this space to focus on the negative impacts of conversion practices on survivors. We then discuss the evidence around mental health practitioners' knowledge and support capacity for conversion practices survivors. We close by commenting on specific features of therapeutic practices that can guide practitioners as they support survivors through the recovery process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital mental health interventions (DMHIs) offer potential solutions for addressing mental health care gaps, but often suffer from low engagement. Text messaging is one promising medium for increasing access and sustaining user engagement with DMHIs. This paper examines the Small Steps SMS program, an 8-week, automated, adaptive text message-based intervention for depression and anxiety. We conducted an 8-week longitudinal usability test of the Small Steps SMS program, recruiting 20 participants who met criteria for major depressive disorder and/or generalized anxiety disorder. Participants used the automated intervention for 8 weeks and completed symptom severity and usability self-report surveys after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention use. Participants also completed individual interviews to provide feedback on the intervention. Participants responded to automated messages on 70 % of study days and with 85 % of participants sending responses to messages in the 8th week of use. Usability surpassed established cutoffs for software that is considered acceptable. Depression symptom severity decreased significantly over the usability test, but reductions in anxiety symptoms were not significant. Participants noted key areas for improvement including addressing message volume, aligning message scheduling to individuals' availability, and increasing the customizability of content. This study does not contain a control group. An 8-week automated interactive text messaging intervention, Small Steps SMS, demonstrates promise with regard to being a feasible, usable, and engaging method to deliver daily mental health support to individuals with symptoms of anxiety and depression. • Daily interactive SMS is acceptable for supporting affective self-management skills. • A personalized automated SMS intervention supports sustained engagement (8 weeks). • An SMS-based mental health intervention is associated with reductions in depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peut-on raisonnablement défendre la suppression de l'évaluation du discernement dans l'appréciation de la responsabilité pénale des infracteurs ? Si une telle question peut à première vue sembler purement rhétorique, de récentes propositions de réforme de l'article 122-1 du Code pénal suggèrent qu'il n'en est rien. Une recommandation, publiée dans les Annales Médico-Psychologiques (Bouchard, 2018), de réécriture dudit article s'appuie même explicitement sur une argumentation en faveur de l'abandon des concepts – légitimement jugés insuffisamment précis – d' abolition et d' altération du discernement, auxquels devrait se substituer l'idée, supposément moins équivoque, d'un lien de causalité nouant (de façon « exclusive » ou non) la présence d'un trouble mental et la commission des faits. Nous nous proposons ici de démontrer en quoi le raisonnement censé justifier l'évacuation de l'examen de la qualité du discernement – remplacé par une estimation de type causal particulièrement ambitieuse – repose sur des prémisses éminemment controversables et nous achemine en outre vers d'insurmontables difficultés évitées par le texte actuel. Can one reasonably defend the suppression of the investigation of discernment in the assessment of the criminal responsibility of offenders? While such a question may at first glance seem purely rhetorical, recent proposals for reform of article 122-1 of the Penal Code suggest that this is not the case. A recommendation, published in the Annales Médico-Psychologiques (Bouchard, 2018), to rewrite this article is in fact explicitly based on an argument insisting on the desirable removal of the concepts – legitimately judged insufficiently precise – of abolition and alteration of discernment , which should be replaced by the idea, supposedly less equivocal, of a causal link ("exclusive" or not) between the presence of a mental disorder and the commission of the offence. In this paper, we propose to demonstrate how such an evacuation of the examination of the quality of discernment – intended to be replaced by a particularly ambitious causal type analysis – is incoherent and moreover produces insurmountable difficulties avoided by the current text. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing interest on the Russian-Ukrainian war and its repercussion on the children's health, there is no previous systematic review compiling the current evidence on this topic. This study conducted a rapid systematic review to investigate the current findings concerning the impact of the Ukraine war on the social and health aspects of the Ukrainian pediatric population. A rapid systematic review was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library (BVS Spain) were searched between February and April 2023. In addition, high-impact journals and institutions focused on pediatric health and human rights were also consulted. All relevant original articles, letters, editorials, and policy papers assessing the health and social repercussions of the war on Ukrainian children were included. From 134 publications matching the search criteria, 23 were included. These publications were categorized into three distinct domains: 'Public health challenges for the physical and mental health of children and adolescents', 'Lack of Healthcare resources and initiatives to mitigate suffering', and 'Policies, Government, and Children's rights'. Our findings revealed that the war is seriously impacting the life and the health of Ukrainian children, resulting in worse physical and mental health outcomes and perpetrating a deprived situation. To overcome such problems, several initiatives have been proposed by European and non-European countries, relying mostly on receiving refugees, providing mental health support, complementing lack of resources, and establishing policies to improve health care. It could help health professionals, policy makers, and governments to plan preventive, promotive, and therapeutic strategies for Ukrainian children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic has left a massive global death toll in its wake. Associated restrictions, precautions and lockdowns have disrupted daily routines, which has been associated with social isolation and major health implications for the world's youth. This paper shares young adults' visions for life beyond the pandemic as it relates to the prevention and management of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). NCD Child hosted a global Twitter campaign for young adults, some of whom are living with NCDs, to express their reflections on life beyond the pandemic. Contributions were subjected to qualitative thematic analysis. 52 responses from the campaign described six main themes: Health system strengthening; Access to care; Issues of sustainability, including the environment and the economy; Human rights, equity, and social issues; Mental health, and NCD prevention. Young adults expressed optimism about postpandemic life and emphasized the importance of comprehensive intersectoral approaches to create resilient health systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The tsunami increased household out-of-pocket health expenses by 35% in heavy damage areas in the short run. • Worsened mental wellbeing was associated with a 4% fall in wage earnings among men two years after the tsunami struck. • Worsened physical wellbeing was associated with a 34% fall in wage earnings among men three years after the tsunami struck. • Although the direct health costs of the tsunami were seen only in the short term, indirect costs were apparent in the medium term. This paper looks at the direct and indirect health-related monetary costs that households incurred in the short and medium terms because of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami. The paper uses three rounds of a longitudinal household survey of Aceh and North Sumatra where data were collected 5–17, 18–30, and 31–40 months after the event. The results show that direct costs, measured by out-of-pocket health expenses, increased significantly by a third (35%) compared to pre-tsunami spending, for households living in heavily damaged areas. This effect, however, was seen only in the short-term, 5–17 months after the tsunami struck, and did not persist to the later years. The tsunami had significant effects on mental wellbeing as measured using the post-traumatic stress reaction score (PTSR). Among men, these changes to mental wellbeing were associated with a 4% fall in wage earnings two years after the tsunami. Physical health also worsened according to self-reported measures, and this was associated with a 34% fall in men's earnings three years after the tsunami. Thus, although the direct costs of the tsunami in terms of increasing household out-of-pocket health spending were seen only in the short term, the indirect costs via effects on mental and physical health were apparent two to three years after the event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Many mental health disorders first emerge during early childhood or adolescence. • Wait times for children's mental health services have been an international and widespread problem. • Long wait times prolong the emotional distress of children and/or adolescents and their caregivers which can exacerbate mental health difficulties. • The majority of research in this area has been conducted in the United Kingdom and Canada and focus on one waitlist strategy. • Common strategies include alternative service delivery models, increasing system capacity, and improving intake and assessment processes. Background: Although many mental health disorders first emerge during early childhood or adolescence, there is a significant gap between demand and availability of mental health resources, leading to long waitlists for services. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to identify and characterize the research literature related to the range of waitlist management strategies that have been implemented in outpatient child and adolescent mental health care. Methods: Electronic databases reviewed included: Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PubMed, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, CINAHL, and ISI Web of Science. Grey literature databases included: OpenGrey, Conference Papers Index, and Proquest Digital Dissertations. Articles were screened by two reviewers in two steps: first by title and abstract, then full text level. Data were extracted using an a-priori developed data extraction framework, which was piloted and modified iteratively. Results: A total of 119 papers related to waitlist interventions in child and adolescent mental health were reviewed. Of these 119 papers, 11% were reviews, summary, or theoretical papers; 8% used a randomized control trial design and 2.5% were trial protocols. Most studies used less rigorous designs, such as uncontrolled before-and- after designs. The large majority focused on just one waitlist strategy each. The most commonly used approaches included: prioritization/triage and initial assessment; brief consultation and advice or brief therapy approaches; group-based models; interim services; increasing capacity; and strategies to decrease non-attendance. Most studies were conducted in the United Kingdom or Canada. Discussion: While mental health systems are complex, most studies examining waitlist initiatives explored the implementation of single initiatives. It is unlikely that a single waitlist strategy can be effective in managing wait times for children's mental health. Rather, consistent and systemic approaches to address wait times that consider the impact of the reduction approach on the patient, the program, and the community are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic adolescents are at increased risk of developing mental health problems. Improving psychological well-being could reduce the likelihood of such problems developing. Research has tended to prioritise the voices of non-autistic people and has neglected to consult autistic young people themselves. Our meta-synthesis aimed to systematically review qualitative research on the perspectives of autistic young people and their parents on the lived experience of psychological well-being. We conducted a pre-planned systematic search which identified 2552 papers, with 37 of those meeting full inclusion criteria. Included papers were published between 2008 and 2023, with three-quarters published since 2018. We extracted qualitative data from each paper pertaining to the lived experience of psychological well-being in autistic young people and conducted a thematic synthesis. We identified three themes; Walking a tightrope: the need for growth versus recharging through rest and familiarity; Developing a positive sense of self in the social world; Internally driven sources of happiness. Psychological interventions aiming to improve well-being in autistic young people should respect their autonomy and need for rest whilst encouraging growth and skills development, provide opportunities to understand social needs and differences, and promote opportunities to enjoy special interests. • A systematic review of the lived experience of well-being in autistic adolescents. • 37 papers published between 2008 and 2023 were included in a thematic synthesis. • Results give new insights into factors contributing to psychological well-being. • Psychological interventions should be designed based on lived experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing research has documented various determinants of mental health related to individuals' social connections, but less is known about the role of the structural features of interpersonal networks. This is especially true in the case of bridging , which refers to ties to people who are otherwise disconnected from each other. By intersecting theories of social networks and gerontology, this study employs within- and between-person analysis with data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP) to examine the association between social network bridging and depression in later life. The study finds that bridging, particularly between kin and non-kin members in the network, is associated with increased depressive symptoms in later life. This association is contingent on social support and strain respondents experienced, and it exhibits variations within individuals over time, especially among older adults in the youngest age cohort (57–64 years old included in NSHAP in 2005). In closing, the paper discusses the extent to which heterogeneous network structures may be one mechanism that shapes mental health trajectories in the context of later life-course experiences. • The paper discusses how bridging disparate network members produces strain that elevates depression risks in later life. • Older adults' bridging potential in personal networks is classified into three distinct types. • The association between bridging and elevated depressive symptoms is unique to bridging unconnected kin and non-kin. • The effect of bridging is more so for the youngest age cohort than older cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many youth experience mental health problems and digital games hold potential as mental health interventions. This systematic review provides an overview of randomised controlled studies assessing the effectiveness of digital applied and casual games for improving mental health in youth aged 6–24 years. A systematic search of PsycINFO, Web of Science and Pubmed yielded 145 eligible studies. Studies on (sub)clinical participant samples (n = 75) most often focused on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism and anxiety. Applied games were found most effective for improving social skills, verbal memory and anxiety, whereas casual games were found most effective for improving depression, anxiety and ADHD. Studies involving healthy youth (n = 70) were grouped into papers examining anxiety in medical settings, momentary effects on positive and negative affect, and papers employing a longitudinal design measuring mental health trait outcomes. Promising results were found for the use of games as distraction tools in medical settings, and for applied and casual games for improving momentary affect. Overall, our findings demonstrate the potential of digital games for improving mental health. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed, such as developing evaluation guidelines, clearly defining applied games, harmonising outcome measures, including positive outcomes, and examining nonspecific factors that may influence symptom improvement as well. • This review included 145 randomised controlled studies on applied and casual games for youth mental health. • In clinical samples, games were effective for social skills, verbal memory, anxiety, depression and ADHD. • In healthy samples, games were promising in medical settings and for improving affect. • Future work on harmonising outcome measures, positive outcomes and nonspecific factors is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the conflicts and challenges faced by women managers in Japan following the introduction of a new law in 2020 which merely obliges employers to take preventive measures against workplace bullying and pawahara (power harassment), but does not stipulate any criminal punishment for corporations or individuals responsible for workplace harassment, or the specific grounds for victims to have the right to claim damages. Cases are left to be disputed and decided in a costly and complicated process of arbitration, which could further exacerbate the precarious position of vulnerable workers, including women managers who are not only a small minority, but many are also marginal players in the workplace where job promotions do not enhance their participation in corporate decision-making. This paper elucidates how the new law ironically enables employers to legitimize discriminatory practices and acts of harassment against women, with serious, long-term ramifications on the emotional and mental health of these workers, as well as on the gendered workforce in Japan amidst global trends towards improving gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this FEPSAC Position Statement is to summarize current knowledge about athletes' dual careers (DCs) in the European context and propose recommendations for future DC research, practice, and policy. Inspired by the European Union's Guidelines on Dual Careers of Athletes (European Commission, 2012), researchers, practitioners, and policy makers collaborated over the last decade to create the European DC discourse as a context-informed and negotiated body of DC knowledge. In this paper, we proceed from analyzing this body of knowledge using recent review papers and European DC psychological research projects to formulating seven postulates summarizing DC research findings on factors influencing athletes in their striving for DC excellence. These factors include (1) context, (2) pathways and transitions, (3) challenges, (4) resources and coping, (5) support and empowerment, (6) student–athletes' mental health, and (7) DC development environments. In the final section, we acknowledge the contributions of European DC discourse in serving athletes in their pursuit of DC excellence and European DC culture. We also provide a critical discussion on DC knowledge gaps and, on behalf of FEPSAC, offer recommendations for DC research, practice, and policy in Europe. • Role of FEPSAC and European Commission in promoting dual career topic is stressed. • Current knowledge on athletes' dual careers in the European context is summarized. • Pursuit of dual career excellence is supported by seven research-based postulates. • Recommendations for future dual career research, practice, and policy are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Clients act as entrepreneurs in mental health services under austerity. • Budget cuts incentivise creative fundraising activities. • Access to services becomes conditional on these entrepreneurial practices. • This is a new form of conditionality that is flexible and self-imposed. • Austerity is eroding the distinction between client and staff labour. This paper investigates work undertaken by clients of voluntary sector mental health services in the context of austerity. While mental health geographers have often interrogated 'work cures', little attention has been paid to client work within traditional care-oriented services. Drawing on interviews and fieldwork in a mental health day centre threatened with closure, I demonstrate that client fundraising can become a crucial source of income when marketised services face budget cuts. Clients are incentivised to act as entrepreneurs, developing creative strategies to secure funding. I conceptualise this as a novel form of conditionality, as access to services comes to depend on entrepreneurial activities. Existing theories offer a narrow conception of conditionality, as behavioural standards imposed through rules. Entrepreneurship appears more flexible, autonomous and voluntary than such rule-based conditionalities. Yet in practice clients face the same choice: work or lose access to welfare provision. I argue that entrepreneurship transforms the institutional geographies of services, directing them towards economic productivity. This can undermine longstanding practices of care, leading some clients to withdraw from services. By focussing on client responses to austerity, this paper makes a crucial contribution to geographical research into voluntary sector precarity, which has tended to focus on staff. More broadly, it advances understandings of the institutional geographies which embed the politics and economics of austerity within everyday experiences of care provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Violence against older people is one of the least known forms of violence, despite being significantly represented worldwide. • Nowadays, the most common types of violence are neglect and psychological or emotional abuse. • The keywords "elderly abuse" led to a low number of results, showing low interest in this topic. • This type of abuse is little reported and not adequately addressed. Social and structural changes are of primary importance. • This paper is a call to the scientific community to study epidemiological and medico-legal aspects of older people abuse. The World Health Organization (WHO) describes gender violence as a real global health problem with a major impact not only on the victims' physical and mental health, but also on the economics of the National Health System. Gender-based violence has been also extended to all types of subjects defined as fragile: children, elderly, women, men and disabled people. Older people abuse, more frequent in women, is a far less socially debated issue, with many forms: physical, sexual, psychological, abandonment, neglect, economic-financial, pharmaceutical, discriminatory, institutional. An electronic literature research was carried out search using the keywords "elderly abuse" on various online sources. The research showed low number of results and little attention to this topic in the scientific literature. The paper highlights how the theme of older people abuse is little reported and not adequately addressed in scientific literature and in real life, being a form of violence certainly underestimated by the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent times have seen an increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases due in part to the alterations and exacerbations of the global pollen cycle resulting from climate change. Climate change related temperature increases are associated with increased pollen production and an earlier and longer pollen season. A broad body of research has emerged demonstrating that green spaces in urban areas have mental health benefits. Yet, whether the relationship between green space and mental health may be altered by the presence of allergenic pollen remains underexamined. Using Scopus and Web of Science as search engines, this paper systematically reviews the emerging body of research exploring how allergenic pollen in green spaces may alter mental health, behavioural and perceptual outcomes. A total of 26 papers were identified. We found relatively consistent evidence that people living near green spaces with higher levels of allergenic pollen (real or perceived) experienced worse mental health than those living near green spaces with lower levels. However, for those currently visiting green space, the mental health effects of allergenic pollen were less clear. There was strong evidence that those who perceived the presence of pollen within a green space had adverse perceptions of that space. Green spaces with higher objective pollen counts also received less visitors. Finally, a small number of studies identified that green spaces that contained mainly hazel, alder, birch, cypress, linden, poplar, plane, maple and juniper trees were all associated with higher perceived pollen levels, avoidance, and adverse mental health effects, although more research is required to confirm this. We conclude with prospects for future research and also highlight the need to closely monitor and carefully select the species that are planted within green spaces. • Reviewed papers exploring how allergenic pollen in green space affects visitors and residents living nearby. • Residents who perceived higher allergenic pollen levels experienced worse mental health. • Green spaces containing higher objective pollen levels were avoided and perceived negatively. • Hazel, alder, birch, cypress, linden, poplar, plane, maple and juniper correlated with higher perceived pollen levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, nature has been considered central to healing and recovery in institutional mental health settings, with inpatient spaces designed to mirror the restorative forces nature may afford. Within contemporary healthcare architecture, the discourse surrounding nature's role has once again become prominent, especially in the concept of 'healing architecture'. While the literature on 'healing architecture' primarily considers how to connect recovery to nature through interventions in the built environment, less interest has been directed towards how nature is configured in design processes and what implications that has for the everyday experiences of patients and staff. In this paper we consider the design and implementation of one particular psychiatric hospital in Denmark to show that the 'nature' brought into this healthcare space can be experienced as anything but 'natural' and may reduce rather than enhance a felt sense of 'vitality' amongst patients. Based on our analysis, we end the paper by suggesting four principles for future healthcare design. • Draws on the 'vital spaces' framework to analyse 'healing architecture'. • The authors posit four principles to inform future work on 'healing architecture'. • In design, work with an unfinished vision of 'nature' that is open to modification. • Do not anticipate sociality, but provide the spaces in which it might be explored. • Ensure that all aspects of design are co-produced with patients and staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using cross-sectional data from a representative sample of the French population (the 2008 Disability Health survey), this paper examines whether the SF-6D, a widely used preference-based measure of health-related quality of life in economic evaluations, fully captures the variation in subjective well-being (SWB) due to chronic illnesses. We conduct a mediation analysis to disentangle the direct and indirect, through the SF-6D, effects of various chronic conditions on SWB (happiness). Our results show that the SF-6D reflects changes in happiness due to most illnesses except mental illness. Changes in SWB mediated by the SF-6D account for 74% of the total effect. The variation unexplained by the SF-6D is significant and increases substantially in the presence of multimorbidity when a chronic illness is combined with anxiety or depression. Overall, our results suggest that the SF-6D incompletely captures the subjective experience of chronically ill patients, especially those with comorbid conditions. • 74% of the effect of chronic illness on happiness is captured by the SF-6D. • The SF-6D does not fully capture the effect of mental illness on happiness. • The effect not captured by the SF-6D increases significantly with multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) screeners can be verbal or self-administered. • We used 2 contemporaneous surveys to compare prevalence of caregiver-reported ACEs. • The telephone survey had higher ACEs disclosure rates compared to paper/web survey. • Findings support the importance of verbal communication to identify ACEs exposure. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic experiences that increase people's susceptibility to adverse physical health, mental health, and social consequences in adulthood. Screening for ACEs in primary care settings is complicated by a lack of consensus on appropriate methods for identifying exposure to ACEs. It is unclear whether self-report methods could increase disclosure of ACEs as compared to interview-based methods. This study compares data on the prevalence of ACEs from two publicly available surveys conducted on the same population of children's caregivers: the 2019 Ohio subsample of the web/mail-based National Survey of Children's Health and the telephone-based 2019 Ohio Medicaid Assessment Survey. We find higher disclosure of caregiver-reported child exposure to ACEs in the telephone interview survey, highlighting the importance of the role of verbal communication in developing a safe and trusting relationship in the disclosure of trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A STAMP framework was developed to map the control structure relating to prevention of MSDs and MHDs. • Workplace MSD and MHD risk management practices were limited to the use of reductionist approaches. • Information transfer to/from the lower levels of the WHS system is hindered by a high number of actors at the upper levels. • Multiple legislative requirements create complexity for organisations, adding to competing challenges to manage WHS. • Regulation of individuals engaged by workplaces to implement training or interventions to prevent MSDs/MHDs is lacking. Despite extensive research to demonstrate the influence of psychosocial hazards on the development of musculoskeletal and mental health disorders (MSDs and MHDs), current research demonstrates a significant evidence to practice gap in this area. This study investigated current risk management practices for prevention of these complex disorders in the Victorian Heavy Vehicle (HV) sector. A preliminary Systems Theoretic and Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) framework was constructed to represent management of Work Health and Safety (WHS) in this sector, based on Leveson's generic socio-technical control model, and review of grey literature and peer reviewed papers. The model was refined and updated following feedback from 13 subject matter experts. Key findings included: 1) risk management practices for preventing MSDs and MHDs were limited to reductionist approaches, including a narrow focus on management of physical hazards (MSDs) and modifying individuals' behaviour (MSDs and MHDs); and 2) a high number of actors at the upper levels of the WHS system are a key barrier to the transfer of critical information to and from actors at the lower levels of the WHS system. In conclusion, to reduce the high prevalence of MSDs and MHDs in the Victorian HV sector, an urgent need exists for HV organisations to expand the current focus on safety and trauma outcomes to include health and wellbeing risks (such as MSDs and MHDs), and transition from a reductionist approach to systems thinking that reflects the complex aetiology of these disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experience of embodiment is a central theme in phenomenological philosophy and has recently received increasing attention also within psychological science. In the present paper we argue (1) that the experience of embodiment represents a fundamental synthesis of having a body (the body as an object) and being a body (the body as felt "from within"); (2) that this synthesis is basic to an individual's experience of self-identity; (3) that each individual, as an existential task, has to develop their specific version of the embodiment synthesis; (4) that these syntheses can be more or less harmonious or disharmonious, and that disharmonious syntheses are associated with psychological distress and psychopathology. Different phenomenological accounts of possible variants of disharmonious embodiment, as found in the literature on eating disorders, are discussed and compared. Finally, some research implications and clinical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuel poverty is a widespread problem which affects people's health and has serious economic and social repercussions. Mental health has been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and appears to be particularly influenced by fuel poverty. We analyze this relationship while highlighting the unequal vulnerability of individuals in the population. We first built a novel database of 4194 representative observations of the French adult population. We then used a conditional mixed-process model to quantify the causal effect of fuel poverty on mental health using instrumental variables to overcome potential endogeneity. We prove the robustness of this causal effect by providing different sensitivity tests. Our results show that being fuel poor decreases the mental health score by 6.3 points out of 100. Fuel poverty also increases the depression score by 5.35 points, the anxiety score by 6.48 points, and decreases the social health score by 6.82 points. Our results show that tackling energy poverty can lead to positive spillover effects to improve mental health. Mitigation policies to provide energy-efficient housing should also become a priority to address climatic and economic hazards in the long term because they imply co-benefits in health. • With a new survey, this paper assesses the impact of fuel poverty on mental health. • Energy deprivation affects mental health through different channels. • Being fuel poor decreases the mental health score by 6.3 points out of 100. • Policies could save more than 22.1 billion euros each year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores the relationship between the Covid-19 pandemic, subjective wellbeing and social capital in the UK. I exploit the pandemic as a quasi-natural experiment of an exogenously induced reduction of social capital as an explanation of the frequently documented reduction in wellbeing during the pandemic period. Differently from the literature, results show that after the onset of the pandemic - when the imposition of restrictions to social interactions occurred - both mental health and life satisfaction substantially decreased, and this decrease was larger for the people who reported having higher pre-pandemic social capital. Results also show however that their wellbeing decrease was not high enough to fully overturn the wellbeing gap usually in their favour. This suggests that the positive effects of social capital for wellbeing are via at least two pathways: in-person social interactions and via the value of having social networks. These results contribute to the literature on the relationship between social capital and wellbeing, as well as the one on the effects of the pandemic for mental health and life satisfaction. Policy implications include investing in social capital to increase overall populations' wellbeing; and, during epidemiological crises, facilitating online psychological support to hamper the negative effects of social isolation, and campaigning to encourage people to keep as much as possible in touch with loved ones and their communities via online social networks and online events to prevent a further degradation of the quantity and quality of social interactions. • I analyse the relationship between Covid-19, wellbeing and pre-pandemic social capital. • The pandemic is treated as an exogenously imposed reduction to social capital. • This explains the documented wellbeing decrease throughout the pandemic. • Highs social capital people suffered larger deteriorations in mental health and life satisfaction. • These deteriorations were not high enough to overturn the wellbeing gap in their favour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Reducing modifiable risk factors could prevent the onset of cognitive decline. • Physical multimorbidity–cognitive function association was mediated by depression. • Routine screening for depression in multimorbidity patient may delay dementia onset. This paper explores the role of depressive symptoms (mediator/moderator) in the association between physical multimorbidity (exposure) and cognitive function (outcome) among older adults in the three most populous middle-income countries. This study used cross-sectional data from China (2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study), India (2017/2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India), and Indonesia (2014/2015 Indonesian Family Life Survey), with a total sample of 73,199 respondents aged ≥ 45 years. Three domains of cognitive tests were harmonised across surveys, including time orientation, word recall, and numeracy. The four-way decomposition analysis assessed the mediation and interaction effects between exposure, mediator/moderator, and outcome, adjusted for covariates. The mean age of the respondents (in years) was slightly younger in Indonesia (56.0, SD = 8.8) than in China (59.5, SD = 9.3) and India (60.0, SD = 10.5). The proportion of male respondents was 49.3 % in China, 47.3 % in India, and 47.5 % in Indonesia. Respondents in China had the highest mean cognitive function z scores (54.7, SD = 19.9), followed by India (51.1, SD = 20.0) and Indonesia (51.0, SD = 18.4). Physical multimorbidity was associated with lower cognitive function in China and India (p < 0.0001), with 48.4 % and 40.0 % of the association explained by the mediating effect of depressive symptoms ('overall proportion due to mediation'). The association was not found in Indonesia. Cognitive functions were lower among individuals with physical multimorbidity, and depressive symptoms mainly explained the association. Addressing depressive symptoms among persons with physical multimorbidity is likely to have not only an impact on their mental health but could prevent cognitive decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gentrification, growing income inequality, urban development, and the affordable housing crisis necessitate understanding the impact of the concern of displacement on health — prior to or even in the absence of a displacement event. In this paper, I use the term "exclusionary displacement pressure" to unify the literature on exclusionary displacement and displacement pressure, highlighting the disproportionate and inequitable impacts of displacement pressure among communities of color. Through following 35 residents over 2.5-years (2019–2022) in one predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latinx immigrant neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, I examine how exclusionary displacement pressure shapes their health and wellbeing over time. Through paying attention to how participants' lived experience is shaped by structural vulnerability (e.g. lack of documentation status, inadequate work, limited access to safety net systems), I identify how exclusionary displacement pressure is constantly internalized and responded to as a unique embodied health experience, wearing on individuals over time and reproducing population health inequities. The framework of embodied health experiences captures the wide range of health-related impacts, from diagnosable health conditions to idioms of distress, using participant's own language of suffering to express how they were feeling , battling , and enduring the pressure. Theorizing on structural vulnerability within specific subpopulations with intersecting identities, such as low-income immigrant Hispanic/Latinx communities, provides a bottom-up refinement to existing theories of embodied health. Understanding the place-health experiences of individuals in changing neighborhoods over time is also critically important to define time points at which context-specific supports and interventions are appropriate. • Gentrification impacts health through exclusionary displacement pressure. • Embodied health experiences highlight residents' structural vulnerability. • Stabilizing interventions are needed in advance of physical displacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper looks at how social expectations and gender roles affect the mental health of Chinese women. Traditional Chinese culture, influenced by Confucianism and patriarchy, still has a negative impact on women's mental well-being, despite efforts for gender equality. Women's mental health is vital for both individuals and society, and this study aims to understand these issues better to help shape policies and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Compared to passive control, dance improves mental health and quality of life in individuals with Parkinson's disease. • Non-partnered dance is more effective in improving mental health than partnered dance. • Higher total dosage of dance intervention negatively correlates with the effects on mental health. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Dance has emerged as a comprehensive intervention for enhancing well-being in this population. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effectiveness of dance on mental health and quality of life among individuals with PD. Three databases were searched in December 2022. Research papers comparing the effects of dance with a non-dance control on the quality of life or mental health of individuals with PD were included. Two authors independently screened the studies, extracted data, and assessed methodological quality of eligible studies. To address the interdependence of effect sizes within studies, the three-level meta-analysis approach was employed to analyze the data. Thirteen trials involving a total of 496 participants were included, with 11 being subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that dance had a positive impact on mental health (g = 0.43, 95 % CI = [0.11, 0.75]) and quality of life (g = 0.46, 95 % CI = [-0.04, 0.95]) when compared to passive control groups. Moderator analyses revealed that non-partnered dance and dance interventions with lower total dosages were particularly beneficial for mental health. Dance interventions are an effective lifestyle activity for enhancing mental health and quality of life in individuals with PD. A theoretical framework is proposed to explain the impact of dance on well-being from neurological, social, physical, and psychological perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ramos et al. paper offers a narrative review of Spanish Organic Law 3/2021, which regulates euthanasia, focusing on its application to individuals with mental disorders. Ramos et al. examine the application of legal prerequisites from an ethical-legal perspective to ascertain the conditions under which psychiatric euthanasia might be considered legitimate and compliant with legal stipulations. Nevertheless, it is apparent that the core ethical inquiries linked to this matter have not been exhaustively investigated. The criteria laid out are, in our assessment, still open to further debate and broader deliberation. Our article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive ethical and legal debate in Spain regarding psychiatric euthanasia. Competency assessment is central to the legislation, but there are concerns about the validity of assessment tools and the subjective nature of interviews. Furthermore, defining irreversible suffering in mental health contexts poses challenges. The article advocates for a deeper understanding of the needs of individuals with mental disorders before considering euthanasia and emphasizes the importance of comprehensive care and psychosocial interventions in reducing the desire for euthanasia. Ultimately, it underscores the ethical complexities of euthanasia in mental health and the necessity of prioritizing comprehensive care in addressing these complexities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with impaired decision-making capacity enjoy the same rights to access technology as people with full capacity. Our paper looks at realising this right in the specific contexts of artificial intelligence (AI) and mental capacity legislation. Ireland's Assisted Decision-Making (Capacity) Act, 2015 commenced in April 2023 and refers to 'assistive technology' within its 'communication' criterion for capacity. We explore the potential benefits and risks of AI in assisting communication under this legislation and seek to identify principles or lessons which might be applicable in other jurisdictions. We focus especially on Ireland's provisions for advance healthcare directives because previous research demonstrates that common barriers to advance care planning include (i) lack of knowledge and skills, (ii) fear of starting conversations about advance care planning, and (iii) lack of time. We hypothesise that these barriers might be overcome, at least in part, by using generative AI which is already freely available worldwide. Bodies such as the United Nations have produced guidance about ethical use of AI and these guide our analysis. One of the ethical risks in the current context is that AI would reach beyond communication and start to influence the content of decisions, especially among people with impaired decision-making capacity. For example, when we asked one AI model to 'Make me an advance healthcare directive', its initial response did not explicitly suggest content for the directive, but it did suggest topics that might be included, which could be seen as setting an agenda. One possibility for circumventing this and other shortcomings, such as concerns around accuracy of information, is to look to foundational models of AI. With their capabilities to be trained and fine-tuned to downstream tasks, purpose-designed AI models could be adapted to provide education about capacity legislation, facilitate patient and staff interaction, and allow interactive updates by healthcare professionals. These measures could optimise the benefits of AI and minimise risks. Similar efforts have been made to use AI more responsibly in healthcare by training large language models to answer healthcare questions more safely and accurately. We highlight the need for open discussion about optimising the potential of AI while minimising risks in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conceptual basis of psychopathology within cancer survivorship is critical, as the chosen conceptualisation informs assessment and explanatory models, as well as interventions and supportive care approaches. The validity of a chosen conceptualisation of psychopathology is therefore paramount for ensuring cancer survivors receive high-quality and efficacious care and support that can be iteratively improved via coordinated research efforts. In this paper, we discuss the traditional diagnostic approach to conceptualising psychopathology within cancer care, including the diagnostic system the 'Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders' (DSM) [1], and the significant issues it presents within cancer survivorship. We detail and discuss how an alternate conceptualisation of psychopathology may enhance both research and practice within psycho-oncology. We ultimately pose, and provide our perspective, on the question "Is it Time to Discard the DSM in Psycho-Oncology?" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fierce competition in China's basic education system results in students spending too much time on homework. However, few studies have explored the mental health effects of homework time. Using data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), this paper empirically examines the impact of homework time on adolescent mental health through the fixed-effects model and instrumental variables regression. Additionally, this study explores the moderating effects of teacher support and parent involvement. The results indicate that homework time has a negative effect on adolescent mental health, but only when the amount of time spent on homework exceeds about 1 hour and 15 minutes. Overall, there is a non-linear relationship between homework time and adolescent mental health. Teacher support, particularly emotional support, can mitigate the adverse mental health effects of excessive homework time, whereas parental involvement does not show the same positive effect. The analysis of heterogeneity reveals that adolescents from rural schools or medium family economic backgrounds experience a more pronounced negative impact from excessive homework time compared to those from urban schools, poorer or richer family backgrounds. Furthermore, students with outstanding academic performance are affected more significantly than their peers with poor academic performance. The empirical results echo the targets of the Chinese "double reduction policy" which requires strict control of homework time. Education policymakers should reasonably regulate homework time and systematically explore education concepts and teaching methods that are compatible with the reduction of homework time. • Chinese adolescents are burdened with an excessive amount of homework time. • There is a non-linear relationship between homework time and adolescent mental health. • Homework negatively impacts adolescent mental health, but only when exceeding about 1 h and 15 min. • Teacher support, particularly emotional support, can mitigate the adverse mental health effects of excessive homework time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental difficulties, including mental ill health, substance misuse, domestic violence and learning disability have been associated with children entering out-of-home care. There is also evidence that these issues may co-occur within families. Understanding how the co-occurrence of these difficulties is associated with care entry is complex because they may co-occur in the same or different household members and have different impacts on the likelihood of care entry when they occur in mothers, fathers or in single parent households. Administrative data from local authority children's services in Wales were linked with demographic data to identify households in which children lived prior to entering care. Linkage to birth data identified biological mothers. Linkage with primary care, emergency department, hospital admissions and substance misuse services data enabled indicators of substance misuse, mental health, assaults in the home, learning disability and neurodivergence in the adults in those households to be identified. A series of multilevel binary logistic regression models were used to explore the odds of a household having one or more children entering care if risk factors were present. These considered the effects of individual risks, and cumulative risk both in individual adults in the household, and across the whole household. The effects of the number of adults, having adults with no risks and the differential impacts of risks in biological mothers, other women or men were also explored. Additional models explored these factors in single adult households. Cumulative risks increased the likelihood of care entry, however this effect disappeared when individual risks were controlled for. The presence of an individual with no risks in the household acted as a protective factor. Overall, the impact of the risks on the odds of care entry was substantially greater if the risks were present in the biological mother than if they occurred in other adults (men or women) in the household. In single adult households risk factors had a much greater impact when they occurred in households headed by women as opposed to men. Substantial differences in the effects of risk factors in female and male adults are apparent and further research is needed to understand why this is occurring to ensure that parents are treated equally in terms of support and statutory intervention regardless of their sex. 1 1 Throughout this paper we refer to the "sex" of the parents /adults in households, as opposed to their "gender." This is because in the analysis we carried out the sex of these individuals was determined by their GP records. We have chosen to use the term "sex," rather than "gender," as we believe this data is more likely to reflect their biological sex, rather the gender that the individuals identify as. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addressing suicide and mental health issues among psychiatrists, particularly during a crisis such as the COVID-19 pandemic is important. several factors contribute to this risk, such as long duty hours, burnout, emotional exhaustion, exposure to secondary trauma, and the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of healthcare workers. This paper emphasizes the urgent need for interventions at individual and organizational levels to address burnout and mental health issues among psychiatrists. Supporting the mental resilience of mental health professionals will improve the mental health of the community. • Physicians are at high risk of suicide • Some studies reported psychiatrists are one of vulnerable groups • The mental health of psychiatrists as mental health providers influences the well-being of the community [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autistic adults are at increased risk of mental health difficulties; however Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS) often struggle to offer appropriate support to this group. Within England, Government initiatives, such as the 'Transforming Care' programme which included 'Building the Right Support' (NHS England, 2015) have promoted the need for AMHS to consider how they can better provide autism-informed support to autistic adults. Here, we describe the first two years of work of the Transforming Care in Autism (TCA) Team; a specialist service that supports autistic adults, without a moderate or severe intellectual disability or presenting significant risk to others, experiencing a mental health crisis. The service model is described, and descriptive data is presented over the two years of the service operation. Results: Between February 2019 and February 2021, 110 referrals were received; 52 (47%) were accepted. Support offered to autistic adults included psychoeducation, psychological interventions, family-focused interventions, and consultation with professionals about specific individuals. Seventy autism training sessions were delivered to professionals working in medical health settings, AMHS, social care and residential services. Developing more autism-informed community and inpatient AMHS is vital for improving care. Further research about the experiences and needs of autistic adults using AMHS is needed, along with improved awareness of autism and provision of tailored intervention within these settings. Autistic people have mental health problems more often than people who are not autistic. When autistic people need help from mental health services, often these services do not know how to help autistic people. The Government says mental health services must do more to help autistic people. In this paper we write about a new team, called the Transforming Care in Autism team. In its first two years the team was asked to help 110 people and worked with 52 of them. Help included talking to autistic people about how autism affects them and offering therapy. We also worked with families and professionals supporting autistic adults and offered 70 training sessions. More work is needed to make sure mental health services work well with autistic people. We also need to ask autistic people about their experiences of getting help from mental health services. • A bespoke service to support autistic adults, experiencing a mental health crisis. • Primary remit to support autistic adults at risk of admission or already inpatient. • Secondary remit to improve knowledge and skills within local non-specialist autism. • Specialist autism support was welcomed by mainstream services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]