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[Display omitted] • First characterization of unimolecular integrin with solid-state nanopore approach. • Modulation and preference of divalent metal ions on the conformation of integrin αLβ2 and αVβ3. • Proof of specific binding of c-RGD and its derivatives on integrin via SSN device. Integrins are a large family of heterodimeric mammalian transmembrane receptors that connect extracellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton. Integrin-mediated adhesion governs the cellular adhesion, mobility, and cell mechanobiology. Investigations on different integrins in cellular and the conformation change regulated by divalent metal ions and oligopeptides have been documented, they mainly adopted the cellular assays or surface manipulation to achieve the information of ensemble integrins with proteins and small molecules. This work presents the nanopore approach for the characterization of unimolecular integrin via resistive pulse sensing. The orientation selection in distinct nanopore in size and pH condition discloses the tiny disparity of the conformation and the local surface charge distribution. The divalent metal ions could efficiently modulate the conformation alteration of integrin, in which Ca2+ and Mn2+ could activate integrin αLβ2 to take larger physical dimension than Mg2+, and Ca2+ is superior to Mn2+ in the activation when integrin αLβ2 is treated in the mixed metal ions. The oligopeptide cRGD (cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp) and its derivatives cRGDfk and cRGDyk show specific binding with integrin αVβ3 and the complex of αVβ3-cRGD exhibits largest geometry upon Ca2+-mediation with characteristic nanopore translocation feature. This work provides a platform for unimolecular integrin sensing and the modulation of the local conformation transition regulated by divalent metal ions and oligopeptides, which will be valuable for the representation of integrin-related cellular behavior and bio-function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Reviews the latest advances in solid-state nanopore technology and its challenges. • Exploring methodology to fabricate high precision nanopores to improve resolution. • Providing insights in the preferable technique for solid-state nanopore DNA sequencing. • The potential of solid-state nanopore DNA sequencing for single biomolecule applications. Solid-state nanopore technology has been widely used for the analysis of a variety of biomolecules and will be applied to more aspects of analysis in life sciences and clinical applications. Providing a label-free, polymerase chain reaction-free approach, solid-state nanopore DNA sequencing is anticipated to become a promising next-generation technology for deciphering DNA sequences, alongside attributes such as longer read lengths, high throughput, and cost-effectiveness. It could also play a significant role in the future of disease diagnosis and treatment, and genetic disease prevention applications. This paper reviews the latest advances in the field of solid-state nanopore technology, and discusses its challenges and prospects in DNA sequencing applications. We explore methodologies to fabricate high precision nanopores, as well as to improve spatial and temporal resolution for solid-state nanopores. We also explore the potential for optimizing and improving the feasibility of solid-state nanopore DNA sequencing, with a view toward the use of these devices for single biomolecule detection and single nucleotide recognition applications. This paper aims to provide insights into the preferable technique for researching on solid-state nanopore DNA sequencing technology and its clinical applications, even for RNA and protein sequencing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Design, synthesis and characterization of multiple helix. • Construction of helical foldamers-based hybrid channel with high ion transport activities. • Proof of the good translocation properties of helix with high capture rate. • Good sensitivity in the detection of unimolecular amino acids and enantiomers with hybrid nanochannels. Nanopore platform has been explored for wide applications in various domain. However, the intrinsic properties of the pore-carrier materials limit the scaled practical usage. Some hybrid systems combined the advantages of each material have been promoted, most of which are based on the fragile lipid bilayer-supported transmembrane proteins or DNA origami on the solid-state channel. We herein provide a lipid-free construction of hybrid nanochannel equipped with helical molecule embedding in SiN x nanopore. The mechanical robustness and the physiochemical stability of SiN x and designable biocompatible helix supply a superior integrated device for stable durable sensing with good reliability. The hybrid nanochannels display a good conduction in distinct ionic solutions with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic multiplex helix. The identification of different amino acids as well as the enantiomers reveal the potential capability of the hybrid nanochannel in the peptide and protein sensing at single amino acid level. Our work paves a way on the solid-state nanopore sequencing with sub-nanometer-sized organic/inorganic hybrid ionic channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Electrochemical, nanopore and field-effect transistors biosensor has been developed. • Aptamer, DNAzyme, DNA origami and nanomaterials has been used for amplification. • The biosensor exhibits an excellent performance for amplification detection. • We discussed the challenges of detection strategies in clinical application. Due to the wide range of electrochemical devices available, DNA nanostructures and material-based technologies have been greatly broadened. They have been actively used to create a variety of beautiful nanostructures owing to their unmatched programmability. Currently, a variety of electrochemical devices have been used for rapid sensing of biomolecules and other diagnostic applications. Here, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in DNA-based biomolecular assays. Biosensing platform such as electrochemical biosensor, nanopore biosensor, and field-effect transistor biosensors (FET), which are equipped with aptamer, DNA walker, DNAzyme, DNA origami, and nanomaterials, has been developed for amplification detection. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed biosensor has good amplification detection performance. Further, we discussed the challenges of detection strategies in clinical applications and offered the prospect of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary refrigerants surpass traditional single-component and binary refrigerants in performance, efficiency, and environmental impact in refrigeration systems, but the abundance of combination possibilities makes it challenging to experimentally determine the optimal mixture for a specific system. This research proposes a mechanism model for screening ternary refrigerants, which selects the composition of mixed refrigerants from 24 types of refrigerants and realizes simultaneous optimization of the composition and process parameters of mixed refrigerants. The model is applied to a new ORC-VCR-CCHP (Organic Rankine Cycle- Vapor Compression Refrigeration- Combined cooling, heating and power) system. This system can effectively recover solar energy and convert it into cooling, heat and electricity to meet the energy demand of the university campus to a great extent. Taking the highest exergoeconomic efficiency as the objective function and satisfying excellent economy, environmental protection, thermodynamic stability, and low toxicity at the same time, a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model was established. The optimization results show that the optimal exergoeconomic efficiency can reach 42.49 %. The optimal composition with safety and environmental protection in the ORC system and VCR system are R245fa/R41/R1336mzz (z) and R1234ze/R1234yf/R32, with mass fractions of 0.5339/0.4310/0.0351 and 0.2202/0.2073/0.5725 respectively. The article concludes with an Exergoeconomic analysis. • Propose a mechanism model for screening ternary mixed refrigerants. • Complex solar-powered ORC-VCR-CCHP system applied to a university. • Exergoeconomic efficiency is considered the objective function of optimization. • Joint optimization of process parameters and refrigerant compositions is carried out. • Exergoeconomic evaluation and factors affecting system efficiency are analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanopore electrochemical sensors have been developed to detect various emerging pollutants at the single-molecule level with high sensitivity and specificity due to their high resolution in past three decades, which is of great significance for emerging hazardous pollutants control. Electrochemical detection methods based on nanopore technology are primarily divided into two categories: resistive-pulse and rectification sensing. The main detection mechanism of the resistive-pulse method is based on the volume exclusion effect generated when the analyte enters through the nanopore, and it involves three primary detection strategies. The first approach involves nanopore technology for direct pollutant detection, where pollutant structure and concentration information is assessed based on nanopore-generated ionic current's blockade strength, duration, and frequency. The second strategy relies on weak intermolecular interactions when direct detection of pollutants is challenging. Molecular probes interact with target molecules to enhance detection sensitivity and achieve specific recognition. The third strategy is based on the biological/chemical reaction of pollutant molecules, through indirect detection method to achieve specific detection of target pollutant molecules. Additionally, relies on changes in surface charge polarity or nanopore spatial structure induced by the analyte molecules to achieve the detection of target molecules within the nanopore. This work demonstrates the research progress achieved in the application of nanopore electrochemical sensing technology to high-sensitivity detection of hazardous pollutants, utilizing the unique confined spatial characteristics of nanopores, combined with biorecognition techniques and principles of electrochemical reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]