Search

[Display omitted] • The PM generated by MSW gasification and pyrolysis exhibited a trimodal distribution. • Higher temperatures promote hydrocarbon gas products conversion to PAHs and soot. • Soot showed high specific surface area and well-developed pore structure. • The soot and ultrafine particle formation pathway and mechanism were revealed. This research investigates the formation mechanism of soot and particulate matter during the pyrolysis and gasification of waste derived from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in a laboratory scale drop tube furnace. Compared with CO 2 gasification atmosphere, more ultrafine particles (PM 0.2 , aerodynamic diameter less than 0.2 μm) were generated in N 2 atmosphere at 1200℃, which were mainly composed of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), graphitic carbonaceous soot and volatile alkali salts. High reaction temperatures promote the formation of hydrocarbon gaseous products and their conversion to PAHs, which ultimately leads to the formation of soot particles. The soot particles generated by waste derived from MSW pyrolysis and gasification both have high specific surface area and well-developed pore structure. Compared with pyrolysis, the soot generated by gasification of waste derived from MSW had smaller size and higher proportion of inorganic components. The higher pyrolysis temperature led to the collapse of the mesoporous structure of submicron particles, resulting in a decrease in total pore volume and an increase in specific surface area. Innovatively, this research provides an explanation for the effect of reaction temperature/ CO 2 on the formation pathways and physicochemical properties of soot and fine particulate matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trace element emissions caused by the entrainment of particulate matter (PM) has led to serious environmental pollution. This research focuses on the distribution, enrichment and migration characteristics of trace elements in different sizes of PM during the typical solid waste combustion. The results indicate that the mass concentration of trace elements in different PM is closely related to their volatility. Volatile trace elements such as Cu, In, Ag, Pb, and Cd tend to distribute in PM 1. Higher temperatures facilitate the volatilization of trace elements, promoting their migration and enrichment in finer PM. The removal effect of Si–Al-based additives on trace elements in PM 1 decreases with the increase of Si/Al ratio. Among them, the removal efficiency of 5% kaolin is the best. After the addition of Si–Al-additives, Zn and In mainly migrate to PM 1-10 , while Cu, V, Mo, As, Se, Cr, Ba, Mn, Co, Sr, and Ti mainly migrate to PM 10+. Ag, Pb, and Cd migrate to both PM 1-10 and PM 10+ simultaneously. [Display omitted] • The distribution and enrichment characteristics of TEs in PM 10 was studied. • Higher temperatures promote the migration and enrichment of TEs in PM 1. • The removal efficiency of TEs in PM 1 decreases with the increase of the Si–Al additive. • The migration paths of different TEs in PM generated by MSW combustion are different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance and impermeability of bacterial biofilms lead to incurable infections. Interference with bacterial respiration is the key to the eradication of bacterial biofilm, but breaking the deep-tissue biofilm barrier to disrupt bacterial respiration still lacks effective means. Here, we report a hydrogel microsphere that disrupts bacterial respiration, supports in situ production of carbon monoxide gas (CO) to enhance the oxygen-depleted environment of biofilms and disrupts the bacterial respiratory chain, eliminating the bacterial biofilm ecotone (BRDMs). Under the specific interaction of α-helical structure and bacterial biofilm, BRDMs rapidly anchored and accumulated on the surface of bacterial biofilm within 8 h. Meanwhile, 8.64 μM CO gas was released in situ under an oxidative stress environment to deeply penetrate the biofilm and continuously destroy bacterial terminal oxidase, block bacterial respiration and finally disintegrate the biofilm. In a model of osteomyelitis, BRDMs disrupt the ecotopic colonization of MRSA biofilms in deep tissues, reduce inflammation, restore internal environmental homeostasis and accelerate tissue regeneration. BRDMs could be designed to remove drug-resistant biofilms from a wide range of deep tissues. [Display omitted] • Interference with bacterial respiration is the key to the eradication of bacterial biofilm. • CO gas enhances the oxygen-depleted environment of biofilms and disrupts its respiratory to eliminate bacterial biofilm. • BRDMs disrupt the ecotopic colonization of biofilms in deep tissues of osteomyelitis and accelerate tissue regeneration. • BRDMs could be designed to remove drug-resistant biofilms from a wide range of deep tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The corrosivity of PM 1 to 304 stainless steels at 600 °C is 3 ∼ 5 times that of PM 10+. • Addition 5% kaolin reduce the corrosivity of PM to 304 stainless steels by 12%. • The coexistence of alkali chlorides and sulfates can promote the corrosion reaction. • The corrosion mechanism of PM generated by MSW combustion is revealed. The high temperature corrosion behavior and corrosion mitigation of PM with different sizes generated by MSW combustion were studied. The experiment result showed that the corrosion rate of 304 stainless steel increases significantly as the PM size decreases. The corrosive ability of PM 1 on 304 stainless steel was about 3–5 times higher than that of PM 10+ at 600 °C. Kaolin can greatly restrain the corrosiveness of PM. After 5% of kaolin was added, the corrosion rate of the PM generated by MSW combustion on 304 stainless steel was reduced by 12%. Calculating the composition of the particles after the formation of a stable slagging layer and ash deposition layer on the heating surface, the corrosion control efficiency improved to 71%. High-temperature corrosion process of PM was dominated by NaCl, KCl, CaCl 2 , Na 2 SO 4 and K 2 SO 4 , the corrosion of alkali and alkaline earth chloride was generally stronger than that of sulfate at 600 °C. This study confirms that the addition of kaolin can effectively mitigate high-temperature corrosion in the superheater tubes of waste incineration furnaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spontaneous firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons is associated with some important roles including modulation of dopamine release, expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), as well as neuronal survival. The decreased neuroactivity of nigral dopaminergic neurons has been revealed in Parkinson's disease. Central glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) functions as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator to exert multiple brain functions. Although morphological studies revealed the expression of GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1Rs) in the substantia nigra pars compacta, the possible modulation of GLP-1 on spontaneous firing activity of nigral dopaminergic neurons is unknown. The present extracellular in vivo single unit recordings revealed that GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 significantly increased the spontaneous firing rate and decreased the firing regularity of partial nigral dopaminergic neurons of adult male C57BL/6 mice. Blockade of GLP-1Rs by exendin (9–39) decreased the firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons suggesting the involvement of endogenous GLP-1 in the modulation of firing activity. Furthermore, the PKA and the transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) 4/5 channels are involved in activation of GLP-1Rs-induced excitatory effects of nigral dopaminergic neurons. Under parkinsonian state, both the exogenous and endogenous GLP-1 could still induce excitatory effects on the surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons. As the mild excitatory stimuli exert neuroprotective effects on nigral dopaminergic neurons, the present GLP-1-induced excitatory effects may partially contribute to its antiparkinsonian effects. • GLP-1R agonist exendin-4 increased the firing rate of nigral dopaminergic neurons. • Endogenous GLP-1 is involved in the modulation of firing activity. • PKA and TRPC 4/5 channels are involved in GLP-1R-induced excitation. • GLP-1 is functional on the surviving nigral dopaminergic neurons in PD mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethane elastomers are commonly employed as binder in propellant propellants and explosives due to their excellent mechanical properties. In-situ block copolymer synthesis of polyurethane for several advantages, including the elimination of the need for solvents in the reaction process, avoidance of excessive reaction steps, and minimizing the generation of byproducts. On the other hand, the in-situ method utilizes a low-cost prepolymer, making it highly suitable for large-scale production. Polyethylene glycol is currently one of the most widely used prepolymer in polymerization. PCL possesses favorable solubility and exhibits hydrophobicity with a low melting point, remarkably noteworthy are its thermoplastic properties, including a high decomposition temperature and a low glass transition temperature. This work employed an in-situ block copolymerization method to synthesize polyurethane elastomers and subsequently investigated their mechanical properties, surface structure, evolution over time, and thermal decomposition process. Polyurethane elastomers exhibited favorable mechanical properties, the elongation properties of these polyurethane systems herein are influenced by the proportion of hydrogen-bonded carbonyl groups within the urethane. The thermal decomposition of polyurethane elastomers can be divided into two distinct processes. Random scission of the polyurethane yielding PCL occurs under low-temperature conditions, while specific cleavage events take place at higher temperatures. [Display omitted] • Polyurethane elastomers exhibited favorable mechanical properties. • The elongation properties of these polyurethane systems herein are influenced by the proportion of hydrogen-bonded carbonyl groups within the urethane. • As R value increases, an improved phase separation effect in the in-situ synthesized polyurethane system. • Random scission of the polyurethane yielding PCL occurs under low-temperature conditions, while specific cleavage events take place at higher temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In-depth profiling of cancer cells/tissues is expanding our understanding of the genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic landscape of cancer. However, the complexity of the cancer microenvironment, particularly its immune regulation, has made it difficult to exploit the potential of cancer immunotherapy. High-throughput spatial omics technologies and analysis pipelines have emerged as powerful tools for tackling this challenge. As a result, a potential revolution in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment is on the horizon. In this review, we discuss the technological advances in spatial profiling of cancer around and beyond the central dogma to harness the full benefits of immunotherapy. We also discuss the promise and challenges of spatial data analysis and interpretation and provide an outlook for the future. • Spatial omics provide multi-layer molecular profiling of cancer with high resolution. • mIHC/IF and spatial transcriptomics techniques are advancing immunotherapy. • Spatial metabolomics, proteomics, and epigenomics are emerging as powerful tools. • AI enables multi-molecule virtual staining for effective TME analysis in H&E context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyrolysis has proven an effective method of recycling waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) for high-value product generation. The kinetics and debromination studies on the pyrolysis of WPCBs with copper species was performed using a thermogravimetric-mass spectroscopy analyzer and a vertical quartz-tube reactor. A multiple distributed activation energy model (M-DAEM) was applied to illustrate the potential multiple reactions over the thermal decomposition process. The introduction of copper species into WPCBs reduced the initial activation energies, resulting in lower decomposition temperatures. Meanwhile, several distinct subprocesses were observed and resolved by three-reaction models. The addition of CuO obtained the lowest liquid yield (53.9 wt %) and the maximum gas yield (8.9 wt %), and the introduction of Cu 2 O resulted in the highest solid yield (40.4 wt %). Copper particles preserved 57 % of bromine in residual solid, while CuO and Cu 2 O particles resulted in approximately 65 % and 74 % retention of bromine in the residues, respectively. Particularly, less than 3.7 % of bromine was transferred into the liquid when Cu 2 O was added. The optimal debromination performance of Cu 2 O was attributed to its effective capture capacity of HBr/Br 2 , fairly high catalytic efficiency on dissociating C–Br bond, and multipath conversion of organobromine to cross-linked carbonaceous compounds. [Display omitted] • The introduction of Cu species altered the pyrolysis kinetics of WPCBs. • Higher gas yield and residue yield were obtained by the addition of Cu Species. • Cu 2 O exhibited the optimal debromination performance. • Possible debromination mechanisms of copper and copper oxides were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hetero-phase hybridization strengthens internal electric field. • Covalent interaction creates nucleation sites and stabilizes the hybrids. • In-situ growth of MOF on Co 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 eliminates self-aggregation. • Controlled synthesis of the heterostructure with MWCNTs aid produces synergistic effect. • The integrated electrode delivers superior rate performance at high current density. In this work, bimetallic nickel-cobalt based metal organic framework (MOF) is in-situ grown on 2D laminar Co 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) aid to form nanoflower-like hierarchical porous heterogeneous structure for advanced supercapacitor application. Benefitting from the low crystal surface energy of Co 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 , its intersection and connection with MOF generate convenient electron path and open channel for ionic transmission, and large contact area. The high aromaticity of MWCNTs slows down destruction for MOF structure from water molecule through providing hydrophobic environment, guaranteeing stable presence of the resulting composite in aqueous electrolyte. The synergistic effect of Ni/Co with high redox activity in bimetallic NiCo-MOF provides rapid and multiple redox reactions for enhanced capacitance. Taking full advantage of promising merits of individual components, the optimized NiCo MOF-Co 2 (OH) 2 CO 3 nanosheet-MWCNT 30 (NCM-NS-CNT 30) composite under MWCNT dosage of 30 mg delivers greatly enhanced specific capacitance (1773 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and obviously improved rate performance (96.5 % retention at 10 A g−1). Based on it, the fabricated hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) NCM-NS-CNT 30 //AC presents comparatively good energy density (30.625 Wh Kg−1), superior to most recently reported Ni, Co-based supercapacitors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 catalysts, featuring a range of core-shell ratios, were employed within an H 2 O 2 catalytic activation system to facilitate the oxidation of NO. These catalysts underwent comprehensive structural characterization, including XRD, TEM, BET, XPS, VSM and TPR analysis. Experimental investigations were conducted with the specific goal of assessing the catalytic efficiency of Fe 3 O 4 @TiO 2 core-shell catalysts and Fe 3 O 4 /TiO 2 supported catalysts in the contexts of desulfurization and denitrification. The results demonstrated that catalysts featuring a core-shell ratio of 1:2 exhibited the highest catalytic efficiency. Moreover, the core-shell catalysts outperformed their supported counterparts with the same molar ratio in terms of physicochemical properties, removal efficiency, and stability. Notably, the core-shell catalysts possessed exceptionally favorable pore structures and substantial specific surface areas, facilitating enhanced H 2 O 2 activation for NO oxidation through synergistic interactions between the core and shell components. This research holds the potential to guide future endeavors in the development of catalysts aimed at achieving superior H 2 O 2 catalytic efficiency. • Core-shell catalyst is applied to catalyze H 2 O 2 for NO oxidation. • The stability of core-shell catalyst is enhanced by reducing contact between active components and SO 2 /H 2 O. • More active Fe2+ sites formed through the electron transformation from TiO 2 shell to Fe 3 O 4 core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]