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Disparities in short-term ischemic stroke (IS) prognosis among Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) subtypes were observed. Notably, little is known about the long-term prognosis of different subtypes in China. We aim to investigate the long-term outcome in IS patients and try to explore the potential interactive effects between IS subtypes and antithrombotic therapy. This is a prospective cohort of stroke survivors. Patients diagnosed with first-ever IS at the Department of Neurology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University from January 2010 to December 2019 were recruited. They were followed until September 2022 to assess recurrence, mortality, and functional recovery. The multivariate Fine-Gray model assessed stroke recurrence, while Cox regression estimated hazard ratios. Modified Rankin Scale scores(mRS) were analyzed using the generalized linear mixed effects model. At baseline, 589 of 950 participants (62.00 %) were male. The longest follow-up was 150 months, the shortest was 1.5 months, and the median follow-up was 81.0 months. Cardio-embolism (CE) bore the highest mortality risk compared to large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) (HR =4.43, 95 %CI 1.61-12.23). Among survivors on anticoagulant therapy, CE exhibited a reduced risk of mortality (HR = 0.18, 95 % CI 0.04-0.80). In function recovery, small artery occlusion (SAO) demonstrated more favorable prognostic outcomes (β =-2.08, P <0.01, OR =0.13, 95 %CI 0.03-0.47). Among survivors taking antiplatelet drugs, SAO demonstrated a slower pace of functional recovery compared to LAA (β =1.39, P= 0.05, OR =3.99, 95 %CI 1.01-15.74). Long-term outcomes post-first IS vary among TOAST subtypes. Anticoagulant therapy offers long-term benefits among patients of the CE. However, prolonged administration of antiplatelet drugs among SAO patients may be limited in improving function recovery. Physicians should carefully consider treatment options for different IS subtypes to optimize patient outcomes and stroke care effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro/nanoplastics in aquatic environments is a noteworthy environmental problem. Zooplankton, an important biological group in aquatic ecosystems, readily absorb micro/nanoplastics and produce a range of toxic endpoints due to their small size. This review summarises relevant studies on the effects of micro/nanoplastics on zooplankton, including combined effects with conventional pollutants. Frequently reported adverse effects include acute/chronic lethal effects, oxidative stress, gene expression, energetic homeostasis, and growth and reproduction. Obstruction by plastic entanglement and blockage is the physical mechanism. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity are molecular mechanisms. Properties of micro/nanoplastics, octanol/water partition coefficients of conventional pollutants, species and intestinal environments are important factors influencing single and combined toxicity. Selecting a wider range of micro/nanoplastics, focusing on the aging process and conducting field studies, adopting diversified zooplankton models, and further advancing the study of mechanisms are the outstanding prospects for deeper understanding of impacts of micro/nanoplastics on aquatic ecosystem. [Display omitted] • MPs/NPs can interfere with aquatic ecosystems by affecting zooplankton species. • Polystyrene and spherical microplastics were most commonly studied. • Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity were most commonly used to explain adverse effects. • MPs/NPs can change environmental fate and toxic effects of conventional pollutants. • Various properties of MP/NPs were the most concerned factors affecting toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• New comprehensive model for mutual solubility of carbon dioxide and brine. • New comprehensive model for interfacial tension in CO 2 -brine systems. • Temperatures from 273 to 473 K, pressures to 100 MPa (solubility) or 70 MPa (IFT). • Wide range of brine chemistry: Na+, K+ Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl-, SO 4 2-, HCO 3 –. Thermodynamic properties of the CO 2 –brine pseudo-binary system are essential for the design of geological carbon storage (GCS) projects, especially those utilizing saline aquifers. The gas–liquid–solid interactions manifest in the interfacial tensions (IFTs) and contact angle determine the injectability, sealing capacity, and storage security of the GCS process. Dissolution of CO 2 in the reservoir brine occurs throughout the entire GCS process, leading to enhanced storage capacity but also to acidification of the brine, possibly leading to reservoir or seal damage. Two of the most important thermodynamic properties of the fluids are the mutual solubility and the IFT of the CO 2 –brine pseudo-binary system. In this work, we report a new correlative model for the IFT between CO 2 - and water-rich phases over wide ranges of temperature (273 to 473 K) and pressure (up to 100 MPa). The model is parameterized for brines comprising any combinations of sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium cations with chloride, sulphate and bicarbonate anions up to a total molality of at least 5 mol·kg−1. The independent variables in this new model are reduced temperature, ion molalities and the mole fraction of CO 2 dissolved in the aqueous phase. The latter is related to temperature, pressure and ion molalities by an improved model for the mutual solubility. More than 2000 experimental data points were used in the development of the two models. For the IFT of the CO 2 -H 2 O binary system, the overall root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) is 0.65 mN·m−1 while the absolute average relative deviation (AARD) is 1.8%. In the case of mutual solubility, the RMSD of CO 2 mole fraction in the aqueous phase is 0.0003 and the AARD is 5.5% while, in the non-aqueous phase, the RMSD of H 2 O mole fraction is 0.0035 and the corresponding AARD is 8.7%. Similar results are found for the CO 2 -brine systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The PM 0.5 yield drop then rise with CaCl 2 loading, the bottom at 1.5 wt% Ca. • Soot inhibition and CaCl 2 condensation cause the two-stage trend of PM 0.5 yield. • The release rate of Ca into PM 0.5 increases with temperature and CaCl 2 loading. • CaCl 2 -impregnation reduces the sizes of the soot primary particles and aggregates. • The interaction mechanisms between CaCl 2 and soot are proposed. This study investigated the influence of CaCl 2 on fine particulate matter (PM 0.5) formation during coal pyrolysis. Two acid-washed coals were loaded with different amount of CaCl 2 by physical impregnation. Pyrolysis experiments were conducted in a flat-flame burner at 1400 K, 1600 K, and 1800 K. The PM 0.5 yield was evaluated through the size-segregated sampling with a low pressure impactor (DLPI+). Then, the transformation properties of CaCl 2 was analyzed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Finally, the soot properties were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show that PM 0.5 yield is affected by coal type, CaCl 2 loading level, and pyrolysis temperature. Loading small amount of CaCl 2 can reduce the PM 0.5 yield through soot inhibition, while high loading of CaCl 2 increases the PM 0.5 yield by forming mineral particles, the lowest PM 0.5 yield occurs at 1.5 % Ca content. The PM 0.5 reduction rate of CaCl 2 increases then decreases with temperature from 1400 K to 1800 K. On all tested conditions, the PM 0.5 yield of low-rank Zhundong subbituminous coal was lower than Shenhua bituminous coal. The release rate of Ca into PM 0.5 is positively related to pyrolysis temperature and CaCl 2 loading level. Ca loading decreases the sizes of soot primary particles and agglomerates, and leads to smaller amorphous cores and more disordered graphitic shells in the soot primary particles. CaCl 2 loading also causes the dealkylation and deoxygenation of soot. The influence of CaCl 2 on soot formation can be summarized as the catalytic effect on soot precursor formation, the enhancement of soot nucleation, and the inhibition of soot coagulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]