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Microwave sintering is a key technology for future lunar habitats, which has been verified by various lunar soil simulant experiments. However, nanophase iron (np-Fe0), a unique component of the real lunar regolith, has been ignored in previous studies of the microwave sintering of lunar soil simulants. In this study, microwave-sintering experiments of lunar soil simulant CLRS-2 with and without np-Fe0 at different temperatures were conducted. A comparison of the microstructure and chemical composition of sintered products indicates that all products of samples with 1.0 wt% np-Fe0 exhibit better properties than those without np-Fe0 after heating at equivalent temperatures. Adding np-Fe0 to the lunar soil simulant CLRS-2 couples well with microwaves, which may increase the real heating temperature in a sample, resulting in the product being solidified at 700 °C and a relatively dense product forming at 900 °C, thus improving the sintering efficiency. This study suggests that microwave sintering is an effective potential technology for future lunar habitats and road hardening because of the wide distribution of np-Fe0 in the lunar regolith. The technical parameters given in this study can provide an important guide for future lunar construction by microwave sintering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the phase 3 KEYNOTE-564 study (NCT03142334), adjuvant pembrolizumab prolonged disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) at increased risk of recurrence after nephrectomy compared with placebo (DFS at 24 months: 77.3% vs 68.1%; hazard ratio [HR] for recurrence or death, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.53-0.87; P=0.002).;Continued DFS improvement with adjuvant pembrolizumab was observed after 30 months of follow-up. Results of a post hoc exploratory analysis of DFS in patient subgroups based on UCLA Integrated Staging System (UISS) risk groups and disease stage are reported. Patients with histologically confirmed ccRCC (pT2, grade 4 or sarcomatoid, N0, M0; pT3 or pT4, any grade, N0, M0; any pT, any grade, N+, M0; or M1 with no evidence of disease [NED]) were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo every 3 weeks for up to 17 cycles (∼1 year). DFS was assessed by investigator. UISS risk groups were derived retrospectively from TNM stage, Fuhrman nuclear grade, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS). UISS groups were intermediate risk (pT2, grade 4, N0, M0; pT3, grade 1, N0, M0; or pT3, grades 2-4, N0, M0, ECOG PS of 0), high risk (pT3, grades 2-4, N0, M0, ECOG PS 1; pT4, any grade, N0, M0; or N1, M0), or M1 NED. Other subgroups based on disease stage were also evaluated. Baseline characteristics were generally balanced within subgroups. Median follow-up was 30.1 months (range, 20.8-47.5). Of 994 enrolled patients, most had UISS intermediate risk (n = 732 [73.6%]; pembrolizumab, n = 359; placebo, n = 373); 195 patients (19.6%; pembrolizumab, n = 100; placebo, n = 95) had UISS high risk, and 58 patients (5.8%; pembrolizumab, n = 29; placebo, n = 29) had M1 NED. DFS favored pembrolizumab versus placebo in the UISS intermediate-risk group (HR, 0.65 [95% CI, 0.48-0.88]; 24-month rate: 81.5% vs 72.4%), UISS high-risk group (HR, 0.77 [95%;CI, 0.49-1.20]; 24-month rate: 65.0% vs 55.9%), and M1 NED group (HR, 0.28 [95% CI, 0.12-0.66]; 24-month rate: 78.4% vs 37.9%). DFS favored pembrolizumab versus placebo across all patient subgroups based on disease stage (Table). Consistent with the results of the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, adjuvant pembrolizumab prolonged DFS compared with placebo for all patient subgroups based on UISS risk groups and disease stage. Taken together with results in the ITT population, these results further support the use of adjuvant pembrolizumab as standard of care for patients with RCC at increased risk of recurrence after nephrectomy. ©2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology, Inc. Reused with permission. This abstract was accepted and previously presented at the 2023 Genitourinary Cancers Symposium. All rights reserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Two poorly performing HCIC ligands were utilized to construct a dual-ligand system. • The dual-ligand system exhibited superior static and dynamic adsorption capabilities. • Molecular docking is used as an auxiliary tool to explain differences in selectivity. • The dual-ligand system separated antibodies from human serum with better performance. In conventional chromatographic ligand screening, underperforming ligands are often dismissed. However, this practice may inadvertently overlook potential opportunities. This study aims to investigate whether these underperforming ligands can be repurposed as valuable assets. Hydrophobic charge-induction chromatography (HCIC) is chosen as the validation target for its potential as an innovative chromatographic mode. A novel dual-ligand approach is employed, combining two suboptimal ligands (5-Aminobenzimidazole and Tryptamine) to explore enhanced performance and optimization prospects. Various dual-ligand HCIC resins with different ligand densities were synthesized by adjusting the ligand ratio and concentration. The resins were characterized to assess appearance, functional groups, and pore features using SEM, FTIR, and ISEC techniques. Performance assessments were conducted using single-ligand mode resins as controls, evaluating the selectivity against human immunoglobulin G and human serum albumin. Static adsorption experiments were performed to understand pH and salt influence on adsorption. Breakthrough experiments were conducted to assess dynamic adsorption capacity of the novel resin. Finally, chromatographic separation using human serum was performed to evaluate the purity and yield of the resin. Results indicated that the dual-ligand HCIC resin designed for human antibodies demonstrates exceptional selectivity, surpassing not only single ligand states but also outperforming certain high-performing ligand types, particularly under specific salt and pH conditions. Ultimately, a high yield of 83.9 % and purity of 96.7 % were achieved in the separation of hIgG from human serum with the dual-ligand HCIC, significantly superior to the single-ligand resins. In conclusion, through rational design and proper operational conditions, the dual-ligand mode can revitalize underutilized ligands, potentially introducing novel and promising chromatographic modes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A concise and collective biomimetic synthesis of myrtucommulones K-L and N, as well as callistiviminenes F-H, has been achieved utilizing a mild Me 2 AlCl-mediated hetero-Diels-Alder reaction as a pivotal step, all in only three steps without the need for protecting groups from readily available compounds. This approach exhibits excellent regioselectivity and good diastereoselectivity, operates under exceptionally mild conditions , and delivers good yields. Furthermore, this synthesis has led to the revision of the structure of myrtucommulone L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional thermoelectric properties. In this study, 2D Janus HfXY (X≠Y, X/Y=Cl, Br, I) monolayer materials are comprehensively examined using ab initio methods to ascertain their potential as promising thermoelectric (TE) materials. Our predictions reveal that these Janus materials exhibit favorable dynamic, thermal and mechanical stabilities. These materials are predicted to exhibit semiconductor characteristics, showcasing indirect HSE06 band gaps ranging from 1.30 eV to 1.44 eV when accounting for the spin-coupling effect. Furthermore, the calculated lattice thermal conductivities are 22.38 W/mK for Janus HfBrCl, 11.86 W/mK for Janus HfBrI, and 7.79 W/mK for Janus HfClI monolayers. These figures notably reside below the thermal conductivities found in the extensively employed transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). These Janus materials are predicted to have higher electron carrier mobilities ranging from 1220 cm2/sV to 4289 cm2/sV, surpassing the majority of other 2D materials. The enhanced electron carrier mobility result in good n-type power factor parameters, ranging from 58.20 mW/mK2 to 247.40 mW/mK2 between 300 K and 600 K. Such merits of lower thermal conductivities and higher power factor parameters endow these monolayers with the large figure of merit (zT) values for n-doping types along x (y) directions: 0.87 (0.88) for Janus HfBrCl, 1.62 (1.80) for Janus HfBrI, and 1.67 (2.15) for Janus HfClI at 300 K. Furthermore, these zT values can further increase along with external temperature increasing. These calculated thermoelectric figure of merit values surpass those of Hafnium-based TMDCs. Our study highlights the promising prospects of 2D Janus HfXY (X≠Y, X/Y=Cl, Br, I) monolayers as strong contenders for applications in thermoelectric conversion devices. • The electron carrier mobilities of HfXY (X≠Y, X/Y=Cl, Br, I) ranging from 1220 cm2/sV to 4289 cm2/sV. • The electron carrier mobility ranging from 58.20 mW/mK2 to 247.40 mW/mK2 between 300 K and 600 K. • These thermoelectric figure of merit values of HfXY (X≠Y, X/Y=Cl, Br, I) materials surpass those of Hafnium-based TMDCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that seriously threatens the quality of life of the elderly. Its pathogenesis has not yet been fully elucidated. Ferroptosis, a cell death caused by excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxides, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of AD. Uncontrolled lipid peroxidation is the core process of ferroptosis, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation of ferroptosis may be an important therapeutic target for AD. Based on previous studies, we mixed standards of icariin, astragaloside IV, and puerarin, named the standard mixture YHG, and investigated the effect of YHG on ferroptosis -lipid peroxidation in APP/PS1 mice. DFX, a ferroptosis inhibitor, was used as a control drug. In this study, APP/PS1 mice were used as an AD animal model, and behavioral experiments, iron level detection, Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, lipid peroxidation level detection, antioxidant capacity detection, immunofluorescence, Western blot and real-time qPCR were performed. It was found that YHG could reduce body weight, significantly improve abnormal behaviors and the ultrastructure of hippocampal neurons in APP/PS1 mice. The results of biochemical tests showed that YHG reduced the contents of iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxide (LPO) in brain tissue and serum, and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH). Immunofluorescence, WesternBlot and real-time qPCR results showed that YHG could promote the expression of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), solute carrier family 3 member 2 (SLC3A2) and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4). Inhibited the expression of long-chain acyllipid coenzyme a synthetase 4(ACSL4) and lysophosphatidyltransferase 3 (LPCAT3). This study suggests that the mechanism by which YHG improves cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice may be related to the inhibition of ferroptosis-lipid peroxidation. • A combination of icariin, astragaloside IV, and puerarin, defined as YHG, was chosen instead of a single compound as a therapeutic agent. • YHG improved cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice. • YHG inhibits ferroptosis-lipid peroxidation in APP/PS1 mice, and the mechanism is related to the regulation of SystemXc-GPX4-ACSL4-LPCAT3 process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing accumulation of plastic waste in the environment has created novel habitats known as the "plastisphere", where microorganisms can thrive. Concerns are rising about the potential for pathogenic microorganisms to proliferate in the plastisphere, posing risks to human health. However, our knowledge regarding the virulence and pathogenic potential of these microorganisms in the plastisphere remains limited. This study quantified the abundance of virulence factor genes (VFGs) in the plastisphere and its surrounding environments (water and soil) to better assess pathogenic risks. Our findings revealed a selective enrichment of VFGs in the plastisphere, which were attributed to the specific microbial community assembled. The presence of arsenic and ciprofloxacin in the plastisphere exerted additional co-selective pressures, intensifying the enrichment of VFGs. Notably, VFGs that encoded multiple functions or enhanced the survival of host microorganisms (e.g., encoding adherence functions) tended to accumulate in the plastisphere. These versatile and environmentally adaptable VFGs are more likely to be favored by bacteria in the environment, warranting increased attention in future investigations due to their potential for widespread dissemination. In terms of virulence and pathogenicity, this research offers new insights into evaluating pathogen-related risks in the plastisphere. [Display omitted] • The VFGs is selective enrichment driven by unique microbial community in plastisphere. • The transfer of VFGs from soil to water escalated microbiological risks in plastisphere. • Co-pollution of arsenic and ciprofloxacin amplified the VFGs enrichment in plastisphere. • Multifunctional and adaptable VFGs tended to accumulate in the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid-charging capability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) can effectively alleviate the load on new energy vehicles. The electrode material's structure can be severely harmed by rapid charging and discharging, necessitating the use of electrode materials that exhibit excellent performance in fast-charging. In order to enhance the rapid charging capability of LIBs while maintaining a large capacity, we utilized nanotechnology and carbon coating to create Ge-CNFs, which are rod-shaped germanium/carbon nanofibers. These Ge-CNFs serve to mitigate the volume fluctuations of germanium. Ge-CNFs-(700) demonstrated remarkable electrochemical characteristics and durability, maintaining a 795.9 mAh∙g−1 capacity even after 100 cycles at 0.1 A∙g−1, a capacity of 281.6 mAh∙g−1 capacity after 5000 cycles at 5 A∙g−1, and achieved a Coulombic Efficiency of 99.76 %. Furthermore, the Ge-CNFs-(700)/LCO full cell achieving a discharge capacity of 124 mAh∙g−1 after 100 cycles when operated at a current density of 0.2 A∙g−1. The main reason for the excellent electrochemical performance was the ability of CNFs to reduce crushing by serving as a buffer to absorb mechanical stress resulting from volume changes when lithium ions are intercalated/deintercalated. The electrospinning technique used to create a rod-shaped structure, along with its outstanding electrochemical capabilities, showcases the promise of germanium-based materials for rapid charging in electric vehicles. • Combined the advantages of nanotechnology and carbon coating to design one-dimensional rod-shaped Ge-CNFs nanofibers. • Ge-CNFs-(700) exhibited ultra-high fast-charging performance and stability, retaining 281.6 mAh∙g−1 after 5000 cycles at 5 A∙g−1. • Ge-CNFs-(700)/LCO full cell achieving an excellent discharge capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) has been recently demonstrated as a potential diagnostic biomarker for thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA). However, its precise role in the progression of TAA remains unclear. In this study, TAA models were established in ApoE-knockout mice and primary mouse vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through treatment with angiotensin (Ang) II. Our findings revealed a downregulation of ESR1 in Ang II-induced TAA mice and VSMCs. Upregulation of ESR1 mitigated expansion and cell apoptosis in the mouse aorta, reduced pathogenetic transformation of VSMCs, and reduced inflammatory infiltration and oxidative stress both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we identified macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a biological target of ESR1. ESR1 bound to the MIF promoter to suppress its transcription. Artificial MIF restoration negated the mitigating effects of ESR1 on TAA. Additionally, we discovered that murine double minute 2 (MDM2) was highly expressed in TAA models and mediated protein degradation of ESR1 through ubiquitination modification. Silencing of MDM2 reduced VSMC dedifferentiation and suppressed oxidative stress. However, these effects were reversed upon further silencing of ESR1. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MDM2 activates MIF by mediating ESR1 degradation, thus promoting VSMC dedifferentiation and oxidative stress during TAA progression. • ESR1 is downregulated in TAA and correlates with oxidative stress. • ESR1 upregulation alleviates aorta expansion and oxidative stress in TAA mice. • ESR1 upregulation alleviates Ang II-induced VSMC dedifferentiation and oxidative stress. • MDM2 mediates ESR1 protein degradation to rescue MIF transcription. • MDM2 silencing attenuates VSMC transition, whereas MIF upregulation augments it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fabry-Perot resonant cavity has been recognized as a crucial mechanism for confining Terahertz (THz) waves. However, the efficiency of the Fabry-Perot device has been hampered by the absence of lossless materials. In this study, we present a Fabry-Perot resonant cavity with enhanced efficiency, utilizing one-step laser-induced graphene without complex fabrication process. Firstly, the THz response of the samples induced by varying laser power and scanning velocity is systematically studied and measured through Terahertz frequency-domain spectroscopy (THz-FDS). Subsequently, Fourier transform is applied to facilitate quantitative analysis of the resonance intensity. Finally, the optimal resonance intensity of the device is achieved by dynamically adjusting the laser power and scanning velocity. This research introduces an innovative and technically simple approach for enhancing light-matter interactions in the THz region. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metal ions and organic pollutants discharged into various water bodies have caused serious water pollution, and the efficient removal of these contaminants remains a challenge. Here, we report a novel MXene/poly-melamine-formaldehyde (PMF) composite membrane, in which the PMF particles serve as spacers, and the –NH 2 groups of PMF and the hydroxyl groups of MXene nanosheets have a synergistic effect on the adsorption of pollutants, and the crosslinking of glutaraldehyde inhibits the swelling of the composite membrane. The MXene/PMF composite membrane with 83.7% PMF particle loading displays a water permeability of 381.2 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 (405% that of MXene membrane) and excellent adsorption ability. In static adsorption, the removal rates of Zn2+, Pb2+, phenol, and crystal violet reach 96.2%, 91.7%, 99.1%, and 96.4% respectively, 20∼100% higher than those of MXene membranes. In dynamic adsorption, the breakthrough volumes of the membrane for 2 ppm p-nitrophenol solution and methyl blue solution reach 75 mL (about 8500 times membrane volume) and 350 mL (about 39800 times membrane volume), and the saturation volumes are 1500 mL and 5000 mL, respectively. After cyclic adsorption/desorption for four times, the removal rate of the membranes still maintains above 90%. This work provides an efficient composite membrane for removing pollutants from wastewater. [Display omitted] • A novel MXene/poly-melamine-formaldehyde (PMF) composite membrane are prepared. • The introduction of PMF particles widens the transmission channel and increases water permeance. • PMF and MXene nanosheets have a synergistic effect on the adsorption of pollutants. • Removal rates of Zn2+, Pb2+, phenol and crystal violet by MXene composite membranes are above 90%. • After 4 times of use, the removal rate of pollutant of composite membrane is above 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Ni 6 -based MOF was successfully synthesized and utilized as a molecular electrocatalyst for four types of alkaline alcohol oxidation reactions (AOR). [Display omitted] • A novel highly-connected Ni 6 -based MOF (CTGU-38) has been successfully synthesized and characterized. • CTGU-38 exhibits good electrocatalytic performance toward four kinds of alkaline alcohol oxidation reactions (AOR). • This work provides a new vision for designing molecular electrocatalysts for energy conversion. Designing economical and efficient anode catalysts is critical for the commercial use of direct alcohol fuel cells (DAFCs). In this work, a novel Ni(II)-based metal–organic framework (MOF), {[Ni 3 (μ 3 -OH)(TMBTI)(1,4-bib)(H 3 O)} n (H 6 TMBTI = 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triylisophthalate, 1,4-bib = 1,4-bis(1-imidazoly)benzene) (CTGU-38, CTGU = China Three Gorges University), was successfully synthesized through solvothermal method. Structural analyses reveal that the CTGU-38 possesses a unique Ni 6 (μ 3 -OH) 2 (COO) 12 cluster and 3D porous framework with a rare (6,16)-connected topology. Further electrochemical experiments demonstrate that the CTGU-38 exhibits good electrocatalytic oxidation performance towards various alcohol fuel molecules, including the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR), n -propanol oxidation reaction (NPOR), and isopropanol oxidation reaction (IPOR), with peak current densities ranging from 26.9 to 54.46 mA cm−2 in alkaline solution. These results indicate that the CTGU-38 appears to be a potential non-noble metal-based electrocatalyst for DAFCs, and this work provides new insights into the design of more efficient electrocatalysts at the atomic scale for energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical absorption (at room temperature), fluorescence (at room temperature and T = 78 K) and phosphorescence (at T = 78 K) spectra of solution of the molecular complex based on tryptanthrin with platinum chloride and DMSO [Pt(Try)(DMSO)Cl 2 ] (Try-Pt) was investigated. The positions of the first excited singlet (S 1) and triplet (T 1) energy levels were obtained. It was shown that in the excited state intramolecular singlet excitations energy transfer inside tryptanthrin π-electron system between two centers of optical absorption (that absorb equally) exists. It was found out the optical response of toxic influence of platinum chloride on tryptanthrin π-electron system inside this molecular complex as it is shown by us for a number of polynucleotides. Contrary to singlet energy transfer no intramolecular triplet electronic excitations energy transfer inside tryptanthrin π-electron system between both optical centers is observed. Taking into account the facts that such complexes can easy bind to telomeric G4 DNA the studied phenomena can be used for the design of new effective antitumor and anti-inflammatory drugs. • Optical absorption, fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of the molecular complex [Pt(Tryptanthrin)(DMSO)Cl 2 ]. • The excited state intramolecular singlet excitations energy transfer inside Try π-electron system between two absorb centers exists. • No intramolecular triplet electronic excitations energy transfer inside tryptanthrin π-electron system is observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A staged data preprocessing strategy for honey peach young fruit is designed. • The SCAE is proposed to ensure the discriminability of the extracted features. • The SCAE is embedded into the DeepSORT to form the DeepSORT-SCAE approach. • The DeepSORT-SCAE can measure the spatially continuous trajectory of the young fruit. • The effectiveness of the developed method is verified by experiments. The young fruit bagging robot usually preferentially selects the object with largest prediction box size for bagging. However, due to the uncertainty in the output of the traditional models, the expected endpoint of mechanical motion may change constantly, which affects the bagging efficiency. This paper proposes a novel tracking algorithm for honey peach young fruit targets. Firstly, according to the proportion of young fruit prediction box in the original image, a staged data preprocessing strategy is designed. Then, the siamese convolution autoencoder (SCAE) is developed by combining autoencoding mechanism with siamese training mode, and the SCAE is trained in two-stages to ensure the discriminability of the extracted appearance features. Finally, the SCAE is inserted into the DeepSORT architecture to generate the DeepSORT-SCAE object tracking algorithm, which can measure the spatially continuous trajectory of multiple young fruit targets within video streams. The effectiveness of the developed method is verified by experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chuanxiong, the rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort., is an ancient herbal medicine that has gained extensive popularity in alleviating migraines with satisfying therapeutic effects in China. As the major bioactive component of Chuanxiong, the essential oil also exerts a marked impact on the treatment of migraine. It is widely recognized that neuroinflammation contributes to migraine. However, it remains unknown whether Chuanxiong essential oil has anti-neuroinflammatory activity. To explore the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of Chuanxiong essential oil and its molecular mechanisms by network pharmacology analysis and in vitro experiments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify the chemical components of Chuanxiong essential oil. Public databases were used to predict possible targets, build the protein–protein interaction network (PPI), and perform Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Moreover, cytological experiments, nitric oxide assay, enzyme-link immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and immunofluorescence assay were adopted to prove the critical signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cells. Thirty-six compounds were identified from Chuanxiong essential oil by GC-MS, and their corresponding putative targets were predicted. The network pharmacology study identified 232 candidate targets of Chuanxiong essential oil in anti-neuroinflammation. Furthermore, Chuanxiong essential oil was found to potentially affect the C-type lectin receptor, FoxO, and NF-κB signaling pathways according to the KEGG analysis. Experimentally, we verified that Chuanxiong essential oil could significantly reduce the overproduction of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory factors via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Chuanxiong essential oil alleviates neuroinflammation through the NF-κB signaling pathway, which provides a theoretical foundation for a better understanding of the clinical application of Chuanxiong essential oil in migraine treatment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shear characteristics of calcareous sand, a typical deposit in the South China Sea, could significantly influence the safety and stability of marine structures. Previous studies showed that many factors, such as temperature and surface roughness, could affect the mobilized shear strength between the calcareous sand and steel surface. Therefore, studies on the shear behaviors of the steel-sand interface under various thermal conditions are necessary. In this study, a new multifunctional sediment shear system has been developed and employed to investigate the shear performance. For this purpose, steel plates with different surface roughness were tested under various normal stress values, shear displacement rates and temperatures. Shear strength and deformation were analyzed using test data to reveal the relationships between several factors and the shear strength of the steel-sand interface. Results from test demonstrate that the interfacial shear strength on rough steel interfaces will be 1.45–3.15 times higher than that on the smooth steel interface. Besides, the shear strength of the interface rises significantly with the roughness of the steel plate. The peak friction angle increases rapidly at the start and then tends to stabilize with the increase of normalized roughness. The interfacial shear strength could be enhanced in low-temperature environments but would reduce in high-temperature environments, e.g. the energy pile, particularly under low normal stress. The shear displacement rate also has a positive effect on the interface shear strength for most cases in this study. Finally, a new nonlinear function is proposed to describe the peak friction angle ratio of foundation interface to consider the effect of temperature and shear displacement rate reasonably. • A new multifunctional sediment shear system has been developed and employed to investigate the shear performance of steel and calcareous sand. • Steel plates with different surface roughness were tested under different normal stresses, shear rates and temperatures. • A new nonlinear function is proposed to describe the peak friction angle ratio of foundation interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binder jetting (BJ) additive manufacturing (AM) technology is a competitive technology for fabricating ceramic and metal parts. In most cases, a high level of binder saturation is necessary to achieve sufficient strength for the green part. However, the oversaturated binder may lead to shape distortion and excess carbon residual of the green part. To solve the problem, a novel binder consisting of HEMA (2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate) monomer and HDDA (1,6-Hexanediol diacrylate) monomer was proposed to improve the green strength and reduce carbon residual of parts at a low level of binder saturation. The monomer binder curing under the thermal-initiated free radical induced polymerization. This paper studies the printability, pyrolysis, and curing kinetics of the monomer binder, and investigates the effect of binder saturation on the strength and dimensional accuracy of WC-12Co green parts. The experimental results show that the monomer binder enables WC-12Co green parts to achieve a transverse rupture strength (TRS) of 0.66 MPa at a low binder saturation of 20%, and exhibits high dimensional accuracy. Additionally, the binder exhibited a high pyrolysis efficiency of 97.66%, resulting in a low residual carbon content of less than 0.3 wt% after debinding. This favorable pyrolysis characteristic does not compromise the phase composition of the WC-12Co matrix during the sintering process. This paper provides a new solution for fabricating cemented carbide parts with BJ AM technology. • This paper proposes a novel acrylate monomer binder to improve the strength and reduce carbon residual of the green part. • The monomer binder uses thermal-initiated free radical induced polymerization to improve the curing efficiency. • This paper studies the binder pyrolysis and curing properties and the effect of binder saturation on the green part. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the security of multi-agent systems (MASs), this paper investigates false-data injection attacks that cooperatively compromise communication links to stealthily destabilize the leader-following control process. Different from centralized systems, the communication coupling of MASs enables attackers to have more complex adverse influences. In view of this, we focus on how attacks perform ripple effect by spreading their influences to the agents receiving no compromised communication data. First of all, the existence of cooperative false-data injection (CFDI) attacks is studied based on the spectral radius of system matrices. Further, we explore attack ripple effect from the relations between impaired agents and attack targets against communication links. Therefore, with the geometric and algebraic properties of edge-to-node incidence matrices, a necessary and sufficient condition of minimum attack targets is developed. On this basis, the protection targets of communication data are qualitatively analyzed to resist CFDI attacks in MASs. The numerical simulations conducted on a group of two-link planar robots illustrate the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface plasmon resonance effect has been previously reported as an essential mechanism for terahertz wave sensing applications. However, due to its structural geometric parameters dependence, either the reconfiguration of the arrays or the realignment of the prism system is required, which always remains one of the challenges limiting practical applications. Here, a graphene-based phase-jump inversion plasmonic sensor (GPPS) operating at a fixed gap and incident angle is established. The optimal wave vector matching between specific analytes and the GPPS can be achieved by adjusting the Fermi level of graphene. On this basis, an ultrahigh sensitivity of 0.488 THz/RIU is achieved under the optimal Fermi level. Remarkably, the comparison between the phase spectra and the reflective amplitude spectra indicates that the phase-based FoM and Q-factor are two orders of magnitude larger than those calculated by amplitude spectra, which could reach 244RIU−1 and 218.5. The unique phase-jump responses on graphene surface plasmon resonance provide new ideas for ultra-sensitivity THz sensing methods. [Display omitted] • A tunable graphene-based phase-jump inversion plasmonic sensor is designed. • No requirement on reconfiguration of geometric structure or realignment of optical components. • The phase-based spectra occupy significant better sensing performance than the amplitude spectra. • The sensitivity is 0.488 THz/RIU, the maximum and Q-factor and FoM reach 244RIU−1and 218.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Epoxypropyl dimethydodecyl ammonium chloride (EPDDMAC) were grafted on γ-Al 2 O 3 particles. • α-Al 2 O 3 were coated with EVOH and modified with EPDDMAC. • Using the TIPS method, the alumina particles can be completely encapsulated with less polymer. • γ-Al 2 O 3 /EPDDMAC particles and α-Al 2 O 3 @EVOH/EPDDMAC particles showed great antimicrobial performance. Antimicrobial particles can inhibit or kill microorganisms, and have been widely used as antimicrobial filler in coatings and polymers. Herein, we present a facile method to prepare antimicrobial alumina particles by grafting epoxypropyl dimethydodecyl ammonium chloride (EPDDMAC) on γ-Al 2 O 3 or ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) coated α-Al 2 O 3.The results show that EPDDMAC can be grafted on γ-Al 2 O 3 or EVOH-coated α-Al 2 O 3 particles effectively, and the grafting rate rises with the increased EPDDMAC amount. The grafted composite particles exhibit excellent antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli and display great potential in antibacterial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces an innovative structure for a self-restrained grid shear wall with diagonal CFRP-steel composite strips. Steel and CFRP strips are interwoven to enhance the structural integrity of the shear wall. Quasi-static tests are initially conducted on two shear wall specimens with and without diagonal CFRP-steel composite strips. Subsequently, a finite element model is established to represent the self-restrained grid shear wall with diagonal CFRP-steel composite strips. This model is helpful for exploring the influence of composite strips arrangement on the performance of shear walls. Furthermore, a prediction formula is developed to estimate the load-bearing capacity of the CFRP-steel composite strips grid shear wall. The test results show that the yield bearing capacity, ultimate bearing capacity, stiffness and energy dissipation capacity of the specimens increase by 46.6%, 58.2%, 43.6%, and 16.3% respectively after the replacement of composite strips. In addition, the results of finite element simulation indicate that the diagonal arrangement exhibits the highest efficiency in the use of CFRP materials among three reinforced structural forms-diagonal, spaced, and fully arranged composite strips. This arrangement is also the most economical and has the least adverse influence on the internal forces of the frame columns. • Completely discrete steel slit shear wall into steel plate strips. • The steel and CFRP strips are interwoven to enhance the seismic performance of the shear wall. • The effects of different composite strip arrangements are investigated. • The prediction formula of the ultimate bearing capacity of the grid shear wall with CFRP-steel composite strips has been derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing metal-free carbon electrocatalysts with atomically precise structures of hetero-doping is crucial for inventing reliable alternatives to precious metal-based catalysts. Our study reveals that the optimal active site is the edge-exposed N-neighbored carbon site in a chained N- C -C-S structure. Carbon material with N- C -C-S functional doping is controllably synthesized through polymer dehalogenation and heteroatom doping with thiomorpholine at room temperature. The resulting N/S-co-doped carbon with N- C -C-S functionalization, named N-C 2 -S, exhibits excellent ORR performance compared to other types of N, S-co-doped carbon, and commercial Pt/C. Typically, the N-C 2 -S sample shows the earliest onset potential of 0.96 V and a high half-wave potential of 0.85 V for promoting ORR. Assembled into an Al-air battery, The N-C 2 -S delivers an exceptional open-circuit voltage of 1.95 V and a large specific power of 128.1 mW cm 2. The synthesis strategy developed in this work can potentially open up precise functionalization of synthetic carbons with heteroatoms. [Display omitted] • The C site near the N in N-C-C-S is identified as highly active for oxygen reduction. • Different types of N, S-co-doped carbon are obtained via dehalogenation of PVDC. • N-C-C-S doping is realized via dehalogenation coupling reaction with thiomorpholine. • The N-C 2 -S sample exhibits exceptionally good oxygen reduction reaction performance. • The N-C 2 -S-assembled Al-air battery delivers high cell voltages and large powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of membrane separation and electrospinning technologies has significantly advanced oil-water separation processes. However, enhancing the mechanical robustness, corrosion resistance, and durability of oil-water separation membranes remains a challenge. In this paper, we utilized the electrospinning technique to fabricate a micro-nanostructured nanofibrous (NFs) membrane by blending benzophenone monomer (BPAF-an) with thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU). By optimizing the solid content, the mass ratio of compounds to polymers, and the solvent composition in the spinning precursor solution, we determined the optimal electrospinning parameters for fabricating the TPU/BPAF-an NFs membrane. The incorporation of BPAF-an, known for its low surface energy, significantly enhanced the hydrophobicity of the nanofiber membrane. The TPU/BPAF-an NFs membrane demonstrated excellent mechanical properties, exhibiting a tensile strength of 7.38 MPa and an elongation at break of 292 %. The membrane had good hydrophobicity and its water contact Angle is up to 145.2°. It also displayed exceptional separation efficiency, exceeding 99 % for oil-in-water emulsions and various oil-water mixtures. Even in harsh environments such as strong acids, alkalis and salts, they have prominent hydrophobicity, lipophilicity and chemical stability. In addition, the membrane maintained a high flux rate of 1995.37 L m−2 h−1 and a separation efficiency of 96 % even after 100 cycles of oil-water separation. Consequently, the TPU/BPAF-an NFs membrane, with its superior mechanical properties and cycle stability, holds substantial promise for application in oil-water separation. [Display omitted] • Benzoxazine/elastic polyurethane nanofibrous membrane fabricated via electrospinning. • The membranes demonstrate excellent mechanical properties. • The membrane exhibits high efficiency in the separation of oil-water and emulsions. • The membranes have good corrosion resistance and durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conversion of chalcogen atoms into other types of chalcogen atoms in transition metal dichalcogenides exhibits significant advantages in tuning the bandgaps and constructing lateral heterojunctions. However, despite atomic defects at the atomic scale were inevitably formed during conversion process, the construction of dislocations remains difficult. Here, we conducted in-situ sulfurization to achieve structural transformation from monolayer WSe 2 to WS 2 successfully. We probe these transformations at atomic scale using high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) and study structural defects of sulfurized-WS 2 by strain and displacement fields. We discovered that high-quality WSe 2 flakes were completely sulfurized while dislocations were successfully constructed, manifesting atomic surface roughness and structural disorders. Our work provides insights into designing and optimizing customized Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) materials in controlled synthesis and defect engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction (CO 2 ER) to produce formic acid (HCOOH) would be an attractive means for carbon neutralization. In order to realize efficient CO 2 ER and economical conversion of CO 2 , the applying of metal active sites on surface of semiconductor has emerged as a promising strategy. Herein, we report the preparation of alkaline modified TiO 2 nanowires (NWs) as the substrate for Au photodeposition. The as-fabricated Au/TiO 2 NWs exhibits high activity and selectivity towards HCOOH production compared with traditional catalysts. The key factors including deposition time, solution, and etc. And their effects on CO 2 ER performance have been systematically investigated. At −0.8 V vs RHE, the Faraday efficiency of the HCOOH can reach to 86.49 %, while the current density is 15.94 mA cm−2. In addition, Au/TiO 2 NWs also exhibited good stability after 18 h electrocatalytic CO 2 RR under the voltage of −0.8 V vs RHE. Electrochemical tests indicated that Au/TiO 2 NWs process favorable intrinsic electrochemical properties, high ESCA and accelerating charge transfer process make Au/TiO 2 NWs obtain abundant active sites and kinetically favorable. This work provides a convenient fabrication strategy of Au/TiO 2 based catalyst, which can guide the design and modification of gold for CO 2 ER into formic acid. [Display omitted] • A low-cost fabrication strategy of self-supported Au/TiO 2 from alkaline modified TiO 2 nanowires and photodeposited Au. • The photodeposition conditions were optimized to tune the CO 2 reduction active sites on Au/TiO 2. • Metal-support interaction between Au and TiO 2 modulate the electronic structure and promote CO 2 reduction. • Prepared Au/TiO 2 NWs efficient catalytic CO 2 conversion to formic acid (FE HCOOH = 86.49 %, @−0.8 V vs. RHE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dubbing refers to the procedure of recording characters by professional voice actors in films and games. It is more expressive and immersive than conventional Text-to-Speech (TTS) technologies and requires synchronization and style consistency of audio and video. Previous dubbing methods use video to provide either a global style vector or a local prosody embedding, limiting the expressiveness of the predicted waveform. To generate more expressive audio with precise visual temporal alignment, we propose a multi-modal multi-scale expressive speech synthesis method, namely multi-modal multi-scale TTS (M 3 TTS), which introduces an auxiliary video input to provide style embeddings. Specifically, M 3 TTS adopts a memory network to bridge heterogeneous modalities and further solve the training-inference style mismatch in conventional multi-modal TTS. To enhance the expressiveness of synthesized audio, a multi-scale style modeling scheme is used for recovering style characteristics at different scales. In addition, M 3 TTS can convert the style of speech by choosing different reference videos. We conduct extensive experiments on the public GRID corpus, where our proposed M 3 TTS can generate high-quality video-aligned speech. It also shows superior performance over the other comparable methods, both subjectively and objectively. • Adding a video to guide the model in generating audio-visual synchronized speech. • Introducing a key–value memory into the TTS model to connect the video and speech. • Extracting style from video, M 3 TTS can generate high-quality expressive speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • In-situ growth of well-defined Co(Hmim) 2 on electrospun PAN surface was successfully achieved under ambient conditions. • Such PAN@Co-MOF membrane demonstrated unique characteristics of under-liquid switchable dual superlyophobicity. • Such PAN@Co-MOF membrane exhibited remarkable on-demand separation efficiency for both O/W and W/O emulsions. • Such PAN@Co-MOF membrane successfully activated persulfate (PMS) and exhibited high efficiency in degrading soluble dye. Developing membrane surfaces with double superlyophobicity properties under liquids for different separation applications poses significant challenges in thermodynamics and material science. Switchable superwettability is usually achieved through complex manipulation means and the application of external stimuli such as light, heat, electrical current, and so on. In this study, a reversible superhydrophobic/superoleophobic membrane (PAN@Co-MOF) was fabricated conveniently by in situ growth of Co(Hmim) 2 (Co-MOFs) onto the surfaces of electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The as-prepared PAN@Co-MOF membrane facilitated the selective passage of water or oil in a unidirectional manner, only when water or oil was prewetted, which enabled the efficient separation of oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions on demand. This novel organic and inorganic hybrid material overcame traditional limitations, resulting in a mechanically robust and reusable membrane. Moreover, the PAN@Co-MOF membrane demonstrated the capability to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for efficient dye degradation through interactions of Co-MOF with diverse liquids. Impressively, the O/W emulsion separation flux surpassed 1600 L·m−2·h−1 with chemical oxygen demand (COD) values of the filtrate below 100 mg·L−1, while the W/O emulsion separation flux exceeded 1040 L·m−2·h−1, maintaining the water content of the filtrate under 50 mg·L−1. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) (50 ppm) achieved a staggering 99.3% within 10 min. This study offers an innovative idea for the development of multifunctional membrane materials with switchable superwettability in the integrated oil–water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel Mo, C co-doped TiO 2 was synthesized by combination of sol–gel synthesis and low-temperature calcination. • Such MO, C-TiO 2 exhibited unique electronic structure to facilitate the formation of oxygen vacancies. • Such Mo, C-TiO 2 delivered remarkable NH 3 removal efficiency and stability under visible light irradiation. • The N 2 H 4 mechanism of the NH 3 photocatalytic oxidation was firstly reported to favor the production of N 2. • DRIFTS and DFT results demonstrated the gradual reaction of NH 3 adsorbed on Mo atoms with O 2 to form N 2 and H 2 O. Ammonia gas (NH 3) is a notorious malodorous pollutant with detrimental effects on environment and human health. Removing NH 3 through photocatalytic oxidation remains a challenging task due to unclear reaction mechanisms. In this study, DFT simulation results revealed that C doped TiO 2 could extend the photo-response range to the visible region, but the introduction of deep impurity levels was found to accelerate photogenerated carrier recombination. Fortunately, the rational doping of Mo was found to mitigate this negative effect. Accordingly, Mo, C co-doped TiO 2 was synthesized via a facile low-temperature calcination process, resulting in unique band structure that enhanced the photocatalytic oxidation of NH 3. Notably, in-situ DRIFTS and DFT results demonstrated that the gradual reaction of NH 3 adsorbed on Mo atoms with oxygen species through the N 2 H 4 mechanism, promoting the formation of N 2. These findings offer insights into the design of efficient photocatalysts for NH 3 removal under visible light, and present a promising technology for indoor air pollution control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) material with Janus-induced built-in electric field, has become a research focus arising from their characteristic physical and chemical properties, especially in photocatalytic water splitting applications. Herein, we introduce a novel family of 2D Janus materials, named ScXAlY (X/Y = P, As), and prove these Janus materials and their heterostructures as promising water splitting photocatalytic candidate materials, leveraging first-principles calculations. All Janus structures and heterostructures exhibit strong dynamical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities. These 2D Janus ScXAlY materials possess wide band gaps, excellent electronic carrier mobilities, and appropriate band edges to facilitate overall water splitting, and moreover can attain Janus-induced built-in electric field effect. Interestingly, the heterostructures (ScXAlY/ScXAlY) surpass the individual materials in performance, demonstrating enhanced solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiencies (>30 %) and increscent electrostatic potential differences (>0.85 eV). Furthermore, they show comprehensive photoabsorption across the visible light spectrum, with peak absorptions more than doubling those of the single materials. These heterostructures also display effective spatial separation of electrons and holes which can further boosting their photocatalytic capabilities. Our findings underscore the potential of Janus ScXAlY materials and their heterostructures, in facilitating visible-light-driven photocatalytic water splitting, showcasing a promising avenue for advancement in this burgeoning field. • 2D Janus ScXAlY (X/Y = P, As) are promising water splitting photocatalysts. • Heterostructures (ScXAlY/ScXAlY) own super-high STH efficiencies (>30 %). • Photoabsorptions of heterostructures cover the whole visible-light region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound has become an indispensable clinical scanning and diagnostic tool because of its convenience, rapidity, and radiation-free properties. In ultrasound imaging, the resolution and detection depth of ultrasound images are closely related to the frequency of the transmitted ultrasound. Ultrasound with low transmission frequency has a wide detection range, but its images have problems such as low resolution, blurred edge contours and obvious background noise. In contrast, the higher transmission frequency, the smaller the detection range, but the resolution has improved. The rapid development of deep learning provides new approaches and enormous potential for improving resolution of ultrasound images and acquiring high-resolution images with an extensive detection range. In this paper, the attention mechanism is combined into a convolutional neural network based on the encoder-decoder, and the feature maps extracted at different scales are merged by skip connections to preserve more structure and contrast details, thus realizing the improvement of lower-frequency ultrasound image resolution. This work utilizes the capacitive micromechanical ultrasound transducer (CMUT) probe for dataset acquisition. The network's performance is validated by simulated datasets for point targets and experimental datasets for breast body models. The experimental results show that for ultrasound images, the network output map can improve by 0.2 in structural similarity and at least 11 dB in peak signal-to-noise ratio. The proposed network can effectively preserve ultrasound images' structural and textural information, improve edge contour definition, and significantly suppress noise and imaging artifacts, which has significant development potential in ultrasound imaging. [Display omitted] • Different ultrasound emission frequencies have significant impact on imaging quality. • Datasets of different frequencies using capacitive micromechanical ultrasound transducer (CMUT) probes. • Using deep learning to improve the quality of low-frequency images by extracting features from high-frequency images. • With incorporation of the attention mechanism, the network highlights the prominent features through skip connections while maintaining computational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel Cu/NBC was fabricated by modifying N-doped biochar with Cu MOF-derived Cu. • Cu/NBC exhibited superior desulfurization capacity of 158.28 mg/g at low temperature. • The main desulfurization products of H 2 S were composed of sulfur and copper sulfide. • Desulfurization mechanism involved synergistic catalytic oxidation and adsorption. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is a highly toxic and corrosive gas that poses significant risks to human health and the environment. Therefore, the development of an adsorbent capable of efficiently purifying H 2 S at room temperature remains a challenging task. In this study, a novel composite adsorbent with a specific surface area of 434 m2·g−1 was fabricated by modifying porous N-doped biochar with Cu nanoparticles (Cu/NBC) derived from Cu-MOFs for low-temperature desulfurization of H 2 S. The effect of pyrolysis temperature and the doping ratio of Cu-MOFs to biochar on the desulfurization performance of H 2 S for the as-prepared Cu/NBC was comprehensively investigated. Experimental results indicated that the desulfurization capability of the optimized Cu/NBC-600-1 adsorbent (synthesized at a pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C and a doping ratio of 1:1) was significantly affected by the desulfurization conditions, and the optimal conditions were determined to be at 25 °C, with 20 % oxygen content and 70 % relative humidity. Under the optimized conditions, the Cu/NBC-600-1 adsorbent exhibited a high H 2 S removal capacity of 158.28 mg·g−1, which was about 3.8 times higher than that of the pristine N-doped biochar. The desulfurization mechanism of the Cu/NBC composite was demonstrated to involve reactive adsorption and catalytic oxidation, resulting in the formation of elemental sulfur and copper sulfides as the main products. This study not only provides a promising approach to modify porous biochar with MOF derivatives, but also offers an effective strategy to remove low concentration H 2 S at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Zr-doped Fe-MOFs/GO nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by an in-situ growth approach. • FeZr-MOFs/GO nanocomposites delivered an excellent adsorption capacity of up to 91.69 mg·g−1. • Appropriate doping of Zr(IV) led to a substantially improved water stability of MIL-101(Fe)/GO. • Adsorption mechanism of As(V) on FeZr-MOFs/GO was ascribed to chemical complexation and hydrogen bonding. Eliminating arsenic contaminants has become an imperative issue due to its persistent and serious harm to the environment and human health. Herein, a novel FeZr-MOFs/GO nanocomposite for effectively removing As(V) was fabricated by growing Fe-based metal–organic frameworks (Fe-MOFs) of MIL-101(Fe) on the graphene oxide (GO) surface with the addition of Zr(IV) dopants. The presence of GO, the doping amount of Zr ions, and the functional groups of the ligands were found to have an impact on the adsorption performance of Fe-MOFs. Notably, doping an appropriate amount of Zr(IV) resulted in a significant increase in water stability of MIL-101(Fe) and MIL-101(Fe)/GO nanocomposites. This improvement, along with chemical complexation and hydrogen bonding, played a pivotal role in the adsorption of As(V). The optimized FeZr-MOFs-0.2/GO (0.2 represented the molar ratio between Zr and Fe) nanocomposites demonstrated superior As(V) adsorption performance with an adsorption capacity of up to 91.69 mg·g−1. Moreover, this system proven effective across a wide range of pH (2–10) and environmental matrices. This study not only provides attractive MOF nanocomposites for broadening the application of aqueous solutions, but also opens up a novel avenue for the rational design and development of nanocomposites with exceptional properties and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Toxic hydrazine poses a huge threat to living organisms and our environment. Extremely acidic pH is also harmful to various ecosystems. Here, a coumarin-based dye called CMM has been synthesized for the ratiometric detection of hydrazine (F 504 nm /F 560 nm). CMM could detect gaseous hydrazine in the environment and endogenous hydrazine in live cells. Furthermore, the fluorescence at 563 nm of CMM was stable from pH 10.0 to 2.0, whereas increased greatly from pH 2.0 to 1.2. Thus, the probe could also detect extremely acidic pH with great fluorescence enhancement. The p K a value was determined to be as low as 1.41. We anticipate that the probe could provide a good candidate for detection of toxic hydrazine and extremely acidic pH. [Display omitted] • A "two-in-one" fluorescent probe was synthesized for detection of hydrazine and extremely acidic pH. • The probe could respond to hydrazine and extremely acidic pH through different signals. • The probe could detect hydrazine in real environment samples and in live cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Dendrimers with an alkyl chain and a polylysine dendron remove toxic cyanobacteria. • With sepiolite, amphiphilic dendrimers capture cyanobacteria and trap toxins. • The dendrimers removed 95% and above of M. aeruginosa cells within short periods. • M. aeruginosa and low concentrations of dendrimers form stable flocs. Harmful and toxic cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater constitute critical environmental problems and are becoming more frequent as a consequence of global climate change. One mitigation strategy is flocculation, which could be achieved with treatment by highly efficient, non-toxic, and biodegradable agents. Here, we report two amphiphilic peptide dendrimers (AmPDs), KK 2 and KK 2 K 4 , for the removal of the toxic and bloom-forming cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa from freshwater. KK 2 and KK 2 K 4 are composed of a hydrophobic alkyl chain and a positively charged polylysine dendron of the first and second generation, respectively. Owing to electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged cell surface of M. aeruginosa , KK 2 and KK 2 K 4 could quickly capture the cyanobacterial cell population via flocculation at very low concentrations. When combined with the natural clay sepiolite, the two AmPDs were even more efficient in promoting cell flocculation. The most performant system, with 3.0 mg/L KK 2 K 4 and sepiolite clay, could remove 97.1 % of M. aeruginosa within 15 min by forming stable flocs. Remarkably, such a system was able to trap toxin molecules released by cyanobacterial cells, thus limiting its destructive impact on ecosystems. This study demonstrates how self-assembling dendrimer materials can resolve cyanobacterial blooms, providing an innovative solution to this environmental challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The remarkable characteristics of porous biochar have generated significant interest in various fields, such as CO 2 capture and supercapacitors. The modification of aerogel-derived porous biochar through activation and heteroatomic doping can effectively enhance CO 2 adsorption and improve supercapacitor performance. In this study, a novel N, B-co-doped porous biochar (NBCPB) was synthesized by carbonating and activating the N, B dual-doped cellulose aerogel. N and B atoms were doped in-situ using a modified alkali-urea method. The potassium citrate was served as both an activator and a salt template to facilitate the formation of a well-developed nanostructure. The optimized NBCPB-650-1 (where 650 corresponded to activation temperature and 1 represented mass ratio of potassium citrate activator to carbonized NBCPB-400 precursor) displayed the largest micropore volume of 0.40 cm3·g−1 and a high specific surface area of 891 m2·g−1, which contributed to an excellent CO 2 adsorption capacity of 4.19 mmol·g−1 at 100 kPa and 25 °C, a high CO 2 /N 2 selectivity, and exceptional reusability (retained >97.5 % after 10 adsorption-desorption cycles). Additionally, the NBCPB-650-1 electrode also delivered a high capacitance of 220.9 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1. Notably, the symmetrical NBCPB-650-1 supercapacitor exhibited a high energy density of 9 Wh·kg−1 at the power density of 100 W·kg−1. This study not only presents the potential application of NBCPB-650-1 material in CO 2 capture and electrochemical energy storage, but also offers a new insight into easy-to-scale production of heteroatomic-modified porous biochar. [Display omitted] • N,B co-doped cellulose aerogel was successfully synthesized using the modified alkali-urea method. • Potassium citrate was used as both activators and salt templates to create well-defined nanostructure of biochar. • N,B-co-doped porous biochar exhibited superior CO 2 capture capacity of 4.19 mmol·g−1 at 298 K and 100 kPa. • N, B-co-doped porous biochar delivered a high specific capacitance at 220.9 F·g−1 at 1 A·g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intercropping is an effective cultivation practice to develop sustainable agroecosystems and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) with rich crop diversity. With increased duration, the changes in soil N availability might affect microbial and plant growth and consequently regulate the intercropping effects on SOC sequestration. However, the response of intercropping effects on SOC components to soil N availability has been poorly explored. In this study, we constructed a global database with 939 paired data (intercropping vs. monoculture) from 60 publications. We found that intercropping increased SOC (by 7.94%), microbial biomass carbon (MBC, by 23.73%), particulate organic carbon (POC, by 23.27%), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC, by 16.46%) compared to monoculture. The intercropping effects (percentage change, %) on SOC content strongly depends on soil N availability (soil C: N) and the interactions with duration and crop types. In N-limited soils (soil C: N > 15), intercropping increased SOC and POC contents by 14% and 31%, respectively, which were 2–3 times higher than those in N-rich soils (soil C: N < 15). It implies higher intercropping effects in more N-limited soils. In addition, intercropping increased MBC:SOC by 63% in N-limited but not in N-rich soils, indicating greater contributions of microbial-derived C to SOC storage in N-limited but not in N-rich soils. This might be attributed to that the stimulated microbial decomposition of soil organic matter counterbalanced the microbial-derived C accumulation in N-rich soils. Taken together, these results indicate that soil N availability regulates the intercropping effects on SOC content and the contributions of microbial-derived C to SOC storage. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of soil N availability on SOC content with intercropping, implying that intercropping is a suitable agricultural approach especially in N-limited soils and nutrient management should be carefully considered in long-term intercropping experiments. [Display omitted] • Intercropping increases labile organic C content, but not stable C. • Soil C: N primarily regulates the intercropping effects on SOC. • The intercropping effects on SOC and POC are promoted in N-limited soils. • MBC has greater contributions to SOC with lower soil N availability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ronchi lateral shearing interferometry is widely applied in wavefront measurement of advanced lithography tools. In Ronchi lateral shearing interferometry, higher-order diffraction beam interference is a common challenge, currently mitigated by introducing more phase shifts, resulting in extended measurement times and added errors. In this study, we propose a nonlinear optimization approach that combines a 2-frame phase-shifting algorithm to suppress the influence of high diffraction orders, reducing the required number of phase shifts by more than 75%. We formulate a numerical model that aligns with the interferometry, construct a highly robust error function, and enable high-precision wavefront reconstruction by optimizing Zernike coefficients. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are verified through simulations and experiments. • The two-frame algorithm is employed for approximate wavefront reconstruction. • A robust loss function mitigate high diffraction order interference. • Nonlinear optimization achieves highly accurate wavefront reconstruction. • It reduces the number of required phase shifts by more than 75%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Direct photolysis of iohexol had significant dependence of UV wavelength spectral. • Distinctive photogenerated intermediates were observed with different photosensitizers. • Reactive sites and transformation pathways of iohexol were proposed. • Iohexol elimination and DBP yields by UV-LED irradiation followed the order of 255 > 265 > 275 > 285 nm. Iodinated X-ray contrast media (ICM) are ubiquitously present in water sources and challenging to eliminate using conventional processes, posing a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems. Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LED) emerge as a promising technology for transforming micropollutants in water, boasting advantages such as diverse wavelengths, elimination of chemical additives, and no induction of microorganisms' resistance to disinfectants. The research reveals that iohexol (IOX) degradation escalates as UV wavelength decreases, attributed to enhanced photon utilization efficiency. Pseudo-first-order rate constants (k obs) were determined as 3.70, 2.60, 1.31 and 0.65 cm2 J−1 at UV-LED wavelengths of 255, 265, 275 and 285 nm, respectively. The optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and anions undeniably influence the UV-LED photolysis process through photon competition and the generation of reactive substances. The influence of Cl− on IOX degradation was insignificant at UV-LED 255, but it promoted IOX degradation at 265, 275 and 285 nm. IOX degradation was accelerated by ClO 2 −, NO 3 −and HA due to the formation of various reactive species. In the presence of NO 3 −, the k obs of IOX followed the order: 265 > 255 > 275 > 285 nm. Photosensitizers altered the spectral dependence of IOX, and the intermediate photoactivity products were detected using electron spin resonance. The transformation pathways of IOX were determined through density functional theory calculations and experiments. Disinfection by-products (DBPs) yields of IOX during UV-LED irradiation decreased as the wavelength increased: 255 > 265 > 275 > 285 nm. The cytotoxicity index value decreased as the UV-LED wavelength increased from 255 to 285 nm. These findings are crucial for selecting the most efficient wavelength for UV-LED degradation of ICM and will benefit future water purification design. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High sensitivity unlabeled detection of multiple pesticide molecules and mixed pesticides were directly acquired. • The fingerprints of ten pesticides in aqueous solution and on pericarp were successfully obtained under the same condition. • Compared with ordinary Raman detection, the signal of the current method is 8 orders of magnitude higher and more sensitive. • Convolutional neural network technique can identify pesticides on pericarp with nearly 100 % accuracy within 3 min. Pesticide residue poses a significant global public health concern, necessitating improved detection methods. Here, a novel platform was introduced based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect ten distinct types of pesticides. Notably, the sensitivity of this approach is exemplified by detecting trace amounts of 50 pM (10 ppt) thiabendazole. The correlation between the characteristic peak intensity of coexisting pesticides and their concentrations displays an exceptional linear relationship (R2 = 0.9999), underscoring its utility for quantitative mixed pesticide detection. Additionally, qualitative analysis of five mixed pesticides was conducted leveraging distinctive peak labeling. Harnessing machine learning techniques, a model for classifying and predicting pesticides on pericarps was developed. Remarkably, the convolutional neural network achieved classification accuracy of 100 % and prediction accuracy of 99.62 %. This innovative approach accurately identifies and quantifies diverse pesticides, thus offering a feasible scheme for in-situ detection of pesticide residues. Ultimately, this strategy contributes to ensuring food safety and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties and cavitation erosion-corrosion behavior of directed energy deposition (DED) and as-cast nickel-aluminum bronze (NAB) alloys in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were investigated. The DED-produced NAB alloy showed a finer microstructure, and the content of κ phases significantly decreased, improving yield strength (increased by 27.76%) and elongation (increased by 54.89%) of NAB alloy. The DED-produced NAB exhibited a more uniform microstructure, fewer high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs), and twin boundaries (∑3), resulting in a weakened synergistic effect between corrosion and mechanical attack. Compared with the as-cast counterpart, the mass loss rate of DED-produced NAB decreased by 74.77%. ● Nickel-Aluminum Bronze components were fabricated by directed energy deposition. ● Differences in microstructure between DNAB and the CNAB were discussed. ● Fine and uniform microstructure of DNAB enhanced its mechanical properties. ● DNAB exhibited better cavitation erosion and -corrosion resistance than CNAB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Light absorption range of TiO 2 /ACF broadens from the UV region to the visible region. • Cumulative hydrogen production with TiO 2 /ACF addition was nearly doubled. • The addition of TiO 2 /ACF shortened the photo-fermentation period from 84 h to 48 h. • TiO 2 /ACF promoted metabolic pathway of HAU-M1 to convert acetate and butyrate to H 2. • Characterization results after fermentation confirmed the reusability of TiO 2 /ACF. In this study, titanium dioxide/activated carbon fiber (TiO 2 /ACF) was synthesized by liquid-phase deposition method and the effect of TiO 2 /ACF on the performance of photo-fermentation biohydrogen production (PFHP) from corn stover under visible light catalysis was discussed. Results show the maximum cumulative hydrogen yield (CHY) obtained under the optimal conditions was 74.0 ± 1.3 mL/g TS with TiO 2 /ACF addition of 100 mg/L, which was twice that without TiO 2 /ACF addition (36.9 ± 1.0 mL/g TS). Initial pH value had the most significant effect on CHY. The addition of TiO 2 /ACF promoted the metabolic pathway of nitrogenase to reduce H+ produced by consuming acetic acid and butyric acid to hydrogen, and also shortened the photo-fermentation period. By scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis, the morphology and phase structure of TiO 2 /ACF after PFHP did not change significantly. This study laid the foundation for the reuse of TiO 2 and its practical application in PFHP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fluorescent flexible sensor for point-of-care quantification of clinical anticoagulant drug, Heparin (Hep), is still an urgent need of breakthrough. In this research, a hyperbranched poly(amido amine) (HPA) was decorated with tetraphenylethene (TPE) and Rhodamine B (RhB), constructing a ratiometric fluorescent sensor (TR-HPA) for Hep. When the sensor was exposed to Hep, the TPE units within the probe skeleton would aggregate, resulting in an increasing fluorescent emission at 483 nm. The 580 nm of fluorescence came from RhB enhance, simultaneously, due to the fluorescence resonance energy transfer. As a result, there are two good linear correlation between the fluorescence emission ratio (E 483 /E 580) of TR-HPA and the Hep concentration over a range of 0–1.0 μM, with a low limit of detection of 3.0 nM. Furthermore, we incorporate the TR-HPA probe into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel matrix to create a flexible fluorescent sensing system platform, denoted as TR-HPA/PVA. This approach offers a straightforward visual detection method by causing a fluorescence color change from pink to blue when trace amounts of Hep are present. The hydrogel-based fluorescent sensor streamlines the detection procedures for Hep in biomedical applications. It shows great potential in rapid and point-of-care human blood clotting condition monitoring, making it suitable for next-generation wearable medical devices. ➢ Immobilized rhodamine B labelled AIE-featured hyperbranched poly(amido amine) in PVA matrix, a flexible fluorescent hydrogel was formed and applied for rapid detection of Hep with an obvious pink-to-blue fluorescent color change. [Display omitted] • A ratiometric fluorescent sensor for Hep was created by adorning HPA with TPE and RhB units. • A new flexible fluorescent hydrogel was formed by immobilized TR-HPA in PVA matrix. • The color of flexible fluorescent hydrogel changes from pink to blue upon exposure to Hep. • The flexible fluorescent hydrogel can be reusable more than 4-times cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Magnetic Fe 3 O 4 /GO nanocomposites were synthesized using solvothermal and pyrolysis methods. • Fe 3 O 4 /GO nanocomposite exhibited a fully-formed MOF morphology and crystal structure. • Fe 3 O 4 /GO nanocomposite delivered a remarkable adsorption capacity of 49.88 mg/g at 298.15 K. • Fe 3 O 4 /GO nanocomposite displayed excellent resistance to ionic interference and wide pH applicability. • The adsorption mechanism of As(V) was ascribed to both chemical complexation and electrostatic interaction. The urgent need to remove arsenic from groundwater stems from the irreversible damage it causes to aquatic systems and biological health. In this study, unique magnetic Fe 3 O 4 /graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites derived from MIL-100(Fe)/GO precursor were rationally and precisely developed by combination of solvothermal synthesis and pyrolysis methods. The optimized MIL-100(Fe)/1%GO-400 magnetic nanocomposite (where 1% and 400 represent the mass ratio of GO to MIL-100(Fe) and pyrolysis temperature, respectively) exhibited exceptional adsorption capacity for As(V) and possessed magnetic separation properties. The novel nanocomposite had complete MOF morphology and crystal structure, as well as good resistance to interference from ions and could be used effectively over a wide pH range (2–9) for adsorption of As(V). The As(V) adsorption on the nanocomposite was found to follow the pseudo-second-order (PSO) kinetic model and Temkin adsorption isotherm model, as well as a spontaneous endothermic process dominated by chemisorption. The incorporation of GO and pyrolysis of the Fe-MOFs was proven to enhance the adsorption capacity of nanocomposite, water stability, and magnetic recovery ability. The adsorption mechanism was attributed to the synergistic effect of chemical complexation, hydrogen binding and electrostatic interaction. This work not only presents a feasible strategy for the development of Fe-MOFs-based derivatives, but also offers a promising approach to expanding the application of functional Fe-MOFs-based derivatives in arsenic-contaminated wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SiO 2 –TiO 2 superhydrophilic coatings with photocatalytic activity via heat curing over a low temperature of 100 ℃ were fabricated without a high-temperature calcination process. The effects of the composite ratio of SiO 2 and TiO 2 on the stability of the sols, different treatment processes on the crystalline morphology of TiO 2 , and different solid contents of the sols on the coating properties were investigated. The surface morphology, optical properties and mechanical properties of the coatings were characterised by a water contact angle (WCA) analyser, UV spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and multiple functional tests. The experimental results demonstrated that the SiO 2 –TiO 2 coating featuring both the intrinsic hydrophilicity of SiO 2 and photophilicity of TiO 2 had the WCA up to 3.5° and exhibited good photocatalytic, self-cleaning, anti-fogging, and mechanical properties. [Display omitted] • Low temperature induced crystallisation of TiO 2 for photocatalytic properties of the coating. • The superhydrophilic coating was produced by combining the intrinsic hydrophilicity of SiO 2 and the photophilicity of TiO 2. • The superhydrophilic coating has good stain resistance and self-cleaning properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]