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Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has developed rapidly. The import and export trade volume has doubled, and the team of foreign trade enterprises is constantly expanding. After China's accession to the WTO and the liberalization of foreign trade management rights, a group of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises have grown up in recent years and are becoming a new force in the development of China's foreign trade industry. So, how to make these enterprises grow and grow in the international market competition, and focus on cultivating the core competitiveness of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises, has become a strategic issue related to the overall development of foreign trade. Recently, COmbinative Distance-based ASsessment (CODAS) method computes the Euclidean distances as the primary measure and Hamming distances as the secondary measure to assess alternatives based on predetermined attribute. Moreover, the probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) are effective tool for depicting uncertainty of the multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. The core competitiveness evaluation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises is a classical MAGDM. In this paper, the CODAS method is extended to the MAGDM with PLTSs. Firstly, the definition of PLSs is introduced. Then, on the basis of the classical CODAS method, the PL-CODAS method is proposed to cope with MAGDM under PLTSs and its significant characteristic is that it can fully consider PLED and PLHD. Finally, a practical example for core competitiveness evaluation of small and medium-sized foreign trade enterprises is given to verify the developed approach and some comparative analysis was also given to verify the PL-CODAS approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structure learning is the core of graph model Bayesian Network learning, and the current mainstream single search algorithm has problems such as poor learning effect, fuzzy initial network, and easy falling into local optimum. In this paper, we propose a heuristic learning algorithm HC-PSO combining the HC (Hill Climbing) algorithm and PSO (Particle Swarm Optimization) algorithm, which firstly uses HC algorithm to search for locally optimal network structures, takes these networks as the initial networks, then introduces mutation operator and crossover operator, and uses PSO algorithm for global search. Meanwhile, we use the DE (Differential Evolution) strategy to select the mutation operator and crossover operator. Finally, experiments are conducted in four different datasets to calculate BIC (Bayesian Information Criterion) and HD (Hamming Distance), and comparative analysis is made with other algorithms, the structure shows that the HC-PSO algorithm is superior in feasibility and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the digital economy continues to deepen its development, and it has become a consensus among all sectors as the direction of global future development. Digital finance, as a fleet in the wave of digital economy, is rapidly heading towards the sunny shore of benefiting the public and serving entities driven by the digital technology engine. Xinwang Bank is a fast boat in the digital finance fleet, always adhering to the principle of technology, building an open platform, and actively promoting the construction of an open, shared, and secure digital credit ecosystem from three levels: institutional, industry, and ecological, to assist in the development of the digital economy. The digital commercial bank security evaluation is a classical multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM) problems. Recently, the Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution (EDAS) method has been employed to manage MAGDM issues. The intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs) are used as a tool for portraying uncertain information during the digital commercial bank security evaluation. In this paper, the intuitionistic fuzzy nunmber EDAS (IFN-EDAS) method is cultivated to manage the MAGDM based on Hamming distance and Euclidean distance under IFSs. In the end, a numerical case study for digital commercial bank security evaluation is supplied to validate the proposed method. The main contributions of this paper are outlined: (1) the EDAS method has been extended to IFSs based on Hamming distance and Euclidean distance; (2) the CRITIC method is used to derive weight based on Hamming distance and Euclidean distance under IFSs. (3) the IFN-EDAS method based on Hamming distance and Euclidean distance is founded to manage the MAGDM based on the Hamming distance and Euclidean distance under IFSs; (4) a numerical case study for digital commercial bank security evaluation and some comparative analysis is supplied to validate the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the information age, teachers are no longer the only source of information for students, and the problems of the traditional lecture mode are becoming more and more obvious. Especially in the process of teaching English in colleges and universities, students' personalized and diversified needs for English learning are becoming more and more obvious, and if traditional theoretical lectures or theoretical indoctrination are continued, students' needs and goals will be affected. As a new form of teaching, blended teaching can integrate the advantages of classroom teaching and online teaching and improve the overall quality and effectiveness of English teaching under the premise of changing the orientation of teachers and students. The English blended teaching quality evaluation is a multiple-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem involving multiple qualitative and quantitative attributes. In this paper, on basis of EDAS technique, a novel spherical fuzzy number EDAS (SFN-EDAS) technique based on SFN Hamming distance (SFNHD) and SFN Jaccard similarity measure (SFNJSM) is built for dealing with MAGDM. Moreover, the MEREC technique with SFNHD and SFNJSM is extended to SFSs to acquire the attribute weights. Finally, SFN-EDAS technique is used for English blended teaching quality evaluation to prove practicability of the developed SFN-EDAS technique and SFN-EDAS technique is compared with existing techniques to further demonstrate its superiority. Hence, the research main achievements for this paper are outlined: (1) the novel EDAS technique is extended to the SFSs environment based on the SFNHD and SFNJSM; (2) the MEREC technique is extended to SFSs to acquire the attribute weights based on the SFNHD and SFNJSM; (3) a novel spherical fuzzy number EDAS (SFN-EDAS) technique based on the SFNHD and SFNJSM is built for dealing with MAGDM; (4) an empirical example and several comparative analysis for English blended teaching quality evaluation is offered to demonstrate the SFN-EDAS technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid progress in the transfer of information and its availability are the reasons behind the widespread use of the Internet. Document images are the most complicated and challenging category among various forms of digital data to which watermarking can be applied for its security and authentication. Watermarking of the document image is a very difficult task, since these images have very limited redundancy. Because of this factor there has been very little research in this area. A comprehensive research should be carried out to ensure the effective assessment, review as well as implementation of document image watermarking techniques. This paper reviews the existing document image watermarking by considering different evaluation parameters. Based on this review, a variety of challenges and directions have been prescribed for the development of effective watermarking techniques for document images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sports events, as large-scale events that provide products and services, have received widespread attention for their economic benefits and influence. Event organizers expect to achieve high efficiency by providing high-quality products and services. The quality of competition products and services is mainly evaluated through the subjective feelings of the audience, and usually the audience's evaluation of service quality is vague. Therefore, this article intends to establish an evaluation index system for the quality of spectator service in sports events, in order to provide a reasonable evaluation of the service products provided by sports event organizers. The audience service quality evaluation for large-scale sports-events is a MAGDM problems. Recently, the EDAS and CRITIC technique has been employed to cope with MAGDM issues. The interval neutrosophic sets (INSs) are employed as a tool for characterizing uncertain information during the audience service quality evaluation for large-scale sports-events. In this paper, the interval neutrosophic number EDAS (INN-EDAS) technique based on the Hamming distance and Euclid distance is founded to manage the MAGDM under INSs. The CRITIC technique is employed to obtain the weight information based on the Hamming distance and Euclid distance under INSs. Finally, a numerical case study for audience service quality evaluation for large-scale sports-events is employed to validate the proposed technique. The main contributions of this paper are proposed: (1) The INN-EDAS technique based on the Hamming distance and Euclid distance is founded to manage the MAGDM under INSs; (2) The CRITIC technique is employed to obtain the weight information based on the Hamming distance and Euclid distance under INSs; (3) a numerical case study for audience service quality evaluation for large-scale sports-events is employed to validate the proposed technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the rapidly progressing applications of uncertainty theories, the need for modifications to some of their existing mathematical tools or creating new tools to deal correctly with them in various environments is also exposed. Hesitant fuzzy numbers (HFNs), as a particular case of fuzzy numbers, are not an exception to this rule. Considering the necessity of determining the distance between given HFNs in many of their practical applications, this article shows that the existing methods either do not provide correct results or are not able to meet the needs of users. This paper aims to present new methods for distance measures of hesitant fuzzy numbers. To do them, three prevalent distance measures, i.e., the generalized distance measure, the Hamming distance measure, and the Euclidean distance measure, will be optimized into three distinct trinal categories. With the approach of reducing error propagation via reducing some unnecessary mathematical computations, new distance measures on HFNs will be introduced, first. The middle is the modification of the first category, which is more suitable when the given HFNs are equal-distance by the previous formula. Also, as the third category, the weighted form of these distance measures has been proposed, to be used where the real and membership parts of HFNs are not of equal importance. As an application of these, a TOPSIS-based technique for solving multi-attribute group decision-making problems with HFNs has been proposed. A numerical example will be implemented to describe the presented method. Finally, along with the validation of the proposed method, its numerical comparison with some other existing methods will be discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial management capability of enterprises, as an important component of their soft power, has a decisive impact on the success or failure of their operations. In the increasingly fierce market competition, enterprises must continuously improve their financial management capabilities in order to ensure efficient operation and achieve better economic benefits. Insufficient financial management capabilities in enterprises can seriously affect the stability of production and operation, hinder the realization of profits, and hinder the long-term development of enterprises. In order to better improve the financial management level of enterprises and promote the standardization of financial management, it is necessary to use scientific techniques to evaluate the financial management ability of enterprises, so as to accurately grasp the key links in the financial management process of enterprises and implement targeted effective measures. The enterprise financial management capability evaluation is a classical multiple attribute group decision making (MAGDM). In recent years, the MAGDM problem has become an important research field in modern decision science. This paper extends the EDAS technique to the 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy sets (2TLPFSs). On the basis of the original EDAS technique, 2-tuple linguistic Pythagorean fuzzy number EDAS (2TLPFN-EDAS) technique based on cosine similarity measure (CSM) and Hamming distances is managed for MAGDM. Finally, a case study for enterprise financial management capability evaluation and some comparative analysis with the other techniques show that the new technique proposed in this paper is effective, reasonable and accurate. The main contribution of the paper is summarized: (1) the 2TLPFN-EDAS technique based on CSM and Hamming distances is managed for MAGDM under 2TLPFSs; (2) The entropy is employed to manage the attribute weight based on cosine similarity measure(CSM) and Hamming distances under 2TLPFSs; (3) the 2TLPFN-EDAS technique is employed for enterprise financial management capability evaluation and were compared with some existing techniques; (4) Through the comparison, it is found that 2TLPFN-EDAS technique for enterprise financial management capability evaluation proposed are effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]