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The field of water management is continually changing. Water has been subject to external shocks in the form of climate change and globalization. Water management analysis is subject to disciplinary developments and inter-disciplinary interactions. Are these developments well-documented in the literature? Initial observations in the interdisciplinary literature suggest that results are fragmented, implying that a state-of-the-art review is needed. This paper aims to close such a gap by reviewing recent developments in water economics that address increasing perceptions of water scarcity by looking first at changes in the supply and quality of water and then at the impacts of climate change on water supply extremes. Among responses to such challenges, this paper identifies changes to water use patterns by including and co-managing water from different sources, including surface and groundwater, reclaimed wastewater, and desalinated water. Technological advancements are also among the resources that address water challenges. Water challenges are also reflected in the management of internationally shared water. A recent surge in scientific work identified international treaties as a significant contributor to international water management. This paper reviews recently employed economic approaches, such as experimental economics, game theory, institutional economics, and valuation methods. And, finally, it explores modeling approaches, including hydro-economic and computable general equilibrium models, that are being used to deal with water challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous improvement in the clinical performance of neonatal intensive care units (NICU) depends on the use of locally relevant, reliable data. However, neonatal databases with these characteristics are typically unavailable in NICUs using paper-based records, while in those using electronic records, the inaccuracy of data and the inability to customize commercial data systems limit their usability for quality improvement or research purposes. We describe the characteristics and uses of a simple, neonatologist-centered data system that has been successfully maintained for 30 years, with minimal resources and serving multiple purposes, including quality improvement, administrative, research support and educational functions. Structurally, our system comprises customized paper and electronic components, while key functional aspects include the attending-based recording of diagnoses, integration into clinical workflows, multilevel data accuracy and validation checks, and periodic reporting on both data quality and NICU performance results. We provide examples of data validation methods and trends observed over three decades, and discuss essential elements for the successful implementation of this system. This database is reliable and easily maintained; it can be developed from simple paper-based forms or used to supplement the functionality and end-user customizability of existing electronic medical records. This system should be readily adaptable to NICUs in either high- or limited-resource environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 vaccination status has become a significant factor influencing carbon emissions in recent years. This paper explores the relationship between vaccination programs and CO2 emissions to provide scientific support for future emergency management. The study utilizes daily carbon emissions data and daily vaccination program data from six sectors within the European Union. It compares the accuracy of various machine learning models by incorporating 11 economic control variables. Additionally, it quantitatively decomposes the contribution of each variable to carbon emissions during the pandemic using SHAP values. The findings indicate that the LightGBM model predicts carbon emissions much more accurately than other models. Furthermore, COVID-19-related variables, such as daily vaccination volumes and cumulative vaccination totals, are identified as significant factors affecting carbon emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of obstetric departments in German hospitals has declined in the last decades. In particular, rural hospitals are challenged to sustain their delivery services. In this paper, we analyse the role of variation and overheads of obstetric departments from the perspective of current and future German hospital financing. For this purpose, we develop a Monte Carlo simulation model that analyses the workload of the labour room and the obstetric ward. The results show that a hospital with less than 640 deliveries per year cannot break even. In order to offer services 24 h per day, 365 days per year, five nurses, five midwives, and five gynaecologists are needed. This results in high fixed costs. At the same time, the variation coefficient of the labour room and the obstetric ward declines with an increasing number of deliveries. Consequently, small hospitals have a higher risk of over- and under-utilization in the course of the year. This paper acknowledges that economics is not the only decision dimension. The quality of the institution and the transport to the hospital have to be considered, as well as the population's wish for nearby services. However, the simulations clearly demonstrate that unless the hospital financing system is changed fundamentally, the decline in the number of hospitals offering delivery services will continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper explores Michael Novak's understanding of the human person and his normative case for the market economy, specifically its points of agreement and tension with natural rights libertarianism. For Michael Novak, the imago dei provides the strongest account for the relationship between the market economy, human dignity, and natural rights. Rationalistic attempts, such as those within libertarianism, cannot adequately ground human dignity or sustain free institutions capable of serving the common good, the market economy, and political liberty. However, Novak's affinity to his libertarian interlocutors presents an opportunity for dialogue on the necessity of economic freedom and related theological influences on natural rights theory for securing human flourishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we introduce an approach to the management of infectious disease diffusion through the formulation of a controlled compartmental SVIR (susceptible–vaccinated–infected–recovered) model. We consider a cost functional encompassing three distinct yet interconnected dimensions: the social cost, the disease cost, and the vaccination cost. The proposed model addresses the pressing need for optimized strategies in disease containment, incorporating both social control measures and vaccination campaigns. Through the utilization of advanced control theory, we identify optimal control strategies that mitigate disease proliferation while considering the inherent trade-offs among social interventions and vaccination efforts. Finally, we present the results from a simulation-based study employing a numerical implementation of the optimally controlled system through the forward–backward sweep algorithm. The baseline model considered incorporates parameters representative of typical values observed during the recent pandemic outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the reliability and flexibility of hydropower, the operation of hydroelectric power plants may have significant impacts on the downstream river system, including its water stage, sediment transport, and water temperature, ultimately affecting the ecology. To address these challenges, there is a need to identify water scheduling patterns that improve both hydropower economics and the environment relative to current operations. This paper presents a new methodology to explore promising operational criteria/rules that can achieve such improvements. Typical environmental impact statements and relicensing processes generally perform detailed site-specific analyses of a few alternatives that focus on reservoir water release operating rules and their associated environmental impacts. In contrast, the methodology presented in this article uses a widely applicable approach that explores a much larger solution space. This large set of potential alternatives can be represented in a multidimensional space for which one axis represents the economic value and the other axis quantify individual environmental impacts (e.g., sediment transport and fish growth), and they are explored via two approaches: a Monte Carlo simulation that identifies "win–win" alternatives and a multi-objective optimization problem that identifies Pareto-optimal alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Expanding dental care coverage for the elderly is globally recommended but not widely implemented due to its high costs and intangible benefits. Methods: This study examined the impact of such an expansion in Korea using the imputation-based method proposed by Borusyak et al. We analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007–2019) on dental service utilization and chewing ability among older adults. Results: The policy resulted in a 13.5% increase in partial denture use and a 60.5% increase in dental implants among those aged 65 and above. These changes corresponded with reductions in severe chewing difficulty by 23.3% and 13.0%, respectively. No significant changes were observed in full denture use. The price elasticity of demand for partial dentures and dental implants was estimated to be −0.19 and −0.86, respectively. Conclusions: These findings underscore the critical role of affordability in enhancing the utilization of dental implants among the elderly and highlight the importance of appropriately expanding dental insurance coverage to improve oral health outcomes in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents a significant global epidemiological challenge, demanding considerable financial resources for treatment. Renal transplantation is the optimal approach for end-stage renal failure, being the most cost-effective option among renal replacement therapies. This narrative review aims to explore clinical conditions associated with excessive healthcare costs among renal transplant recipients, particularly focusing on high-resource users (HRU). We reviewed literature examining conditions generating high costs in kidney transplant patients, including infections, sepsis, pneumonia, antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), graft failure, advanced recipient age, heart failure, and fractures. Immunosuppressive therapies heighten the risk of infections, with sepsis and pneumonia posing significant costs. AMR is a major contributor to healthcare costs, but effective treatment of AMR can extend graft longevity and improve patient outcomes. Graft failure significantly increases medical expenses and adversely affects patient outcomes. Older recipients face higher post-transplant morbidity and mortality rates, though transplantation still offers better long-term survival compared to dialysis. Heart failure and fractures further elevate post-transplant costs and underscore the necessity of targeted interventions to mitigate associated risks. Ensuring kidney transplant care is sustainable and accessible requires a comprehensive strategy. This approach aims to improve patient outcomes while keeping costs reasonable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil salinity is the major constraint for cropping system intensification in the coastal region of the Ganges Delta. Salts build up on the soil surface, as well as in the crop root zone, due to the capillary rise in underground brackish water, hampering the growth and development of crops and resulting in mortality and low yields. We studied, for three years (2020–2021 to 2022–2023), the effect of conservation agricultural practices (zero tillage planting, crop residue recycling, and crop rotations) on the major soil properties (soil salinity and organic carbon status), crop performance (yield and economics), and water footprint. Conservation agricultural practices significantly reduce soil salinity, build soil organic carbon, reduce water footprint, and increase the profitability of cropping systems compared to tillage-intensive conventional practices. Under conventional agriculture, the sole cropping of rice is more profitable than double and triple cropping systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermodynamics is based on its Four Laws structure. Based on Thermodynamics and its Four Laws structure, this work presents and explores its economic counterpart, proposing an economic Four Laws structure to look at Economics through the eyes of Thermodynamics. The Economic Zeroth Law is based on the merchandise economic thermal equilibrium, thus defining the economic temperature. The Economic First Law is based on balance equations for the units of merchandise and monetary species. The economic Second Law is based on the observation that the traded merchandise units are transferred in the increasing unit price direction (in the decreasing economic temperature direction). This allows economic entropy to be defined through a differential equation, as well as the definition of economic irreversibility and economic entropy generation. The economic Third Law states that the merchandise economic entropy of an economic system at the null economic temperature (at an infinite merchandise unit price) is null. Conjugation of the economic Second and Third Laws sets how to evaluate the absolute value of the economic entropy of an economic system. The presented developments setting the proposed economic Four Laws structure introduce and explore a large set of concepts, variables, and relations that are of major relevance for looking at Economics through the eyes of Thermodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The disparities in healthcare access due to varying insurance coverage significantly impact hospital outcomes, yet what is unclear is the role of insurance in providing care once the patient is in the hospital for a preventable admission, particularly in a weak gatekeeping environment. This study aimed to investigate the association between insurance types and readmission rates, healthcare expenditures, and length of hospital stay among patients with chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) in China. Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized hospitalization data collected from the Nanhai District, Foshan City, between 2016 and 2020. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were employed to analyze the relationship between medical insurance types and readmission rates, lengths of hospital stay, total medical expenses, out-of-pocket expenses, and insurance-covered expenses. Results: A total of 185,384 records were included. Among these, the participants covered by urban employee basic medical insurance (UEBMI) with 44,415 records and urban and rural resident basic medical insurance (URRBMI) with 80,752 records generally experienced more favorable outcomes compared to self-pay patients. Specifically, they had lower readmission rates (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.90; OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.42 to 0.84) and reduced out-of-pocket expenses (β = −0.54, 95% CI: −0.94 to −0.14; β = −0.41, 95% CI: −0.78 to −0.05). However, they also experienced slightly longer lengths of hospital stay (IRR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.14; IRR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.18) and higher total medical expenses (β = 0.26, 95% CI: 0.09 to 0.44; β = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.10 to 0.40). Conclusions: This study found that different types of health insurance were associated with varying clinical outcomes among patients with chronic ambulatory care sensitive conditions (ACSCs) in China. Since the hospitalization of these patients was initially avoidable, disparities in readmission rates, lengths of hospital stay, and medical expenses among avoidable inpatient cases exacerbated the health gap between different insurance types. Addressing the disparities among different types of insurance can help reduce unplanned hospitalizations and promote health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gold is neither a critical mineral nor a metal that is central to the global energy transition in terms of demand from new energy production technologies. Yet, gold is unique among mined commodities for its role in financial markets and for its global production footprint including in numerous developing economies. Since the production of gold incurs CO2 emissions and other environmental risks including water pollution and land degradation, gold producers seek to adopt clean production solutions through electrification and renewable energy adoption. Further, gold's unique role as a store of value creates new potential green business models in gold, such as the digitalisation of in-ground gold inventories, which can further reduce negative environmental externalities from gold mining. A net-zero emissions, future global gold industry, is possible. Major gold producers are targeting net-zero Scope 1 and 2 emissions by 2050, coupled with a lower overall environmental footprint to meet heightened societal expectations for cleaner production. An analysis of emissions data from Australian gold mines shows systematic differences between mining operations. Further clean energy investment in gold production is required to reduce emission levels towards the target of net zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the backdrop of global aging, the escalating number of elderly individuals in poor health poses a growing social burden and impacts economic development and social stability. A fundamental question arises as to whether the advancements of digital finance (DF) can effectively enhance the physical health of the elderly. This study aims to investigate the impact of DF on the physical health of the elderly by utilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) conducted in 2013, 2015, and 2018. The results reveal a significant positive impact of DF on enhancing the physical health of the elderly. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that this impact is particularly pronounced among the elderly with higher educational attainment, stronger intergenerational links, and those residing in central cities. A mechanism analysis further reveals that DF contributes to improving the physical health of the elderly by augmenting household disposable income, alleviating liquidity constraints, and enhancing the utilization of medical services. These findings offer valuable insights for the future development of DF and the implementation of policies promoting healthy aging and active aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Thermodynamics and its well-established First and Second Laws, this work presents and explores their economics counterparts, introducing new concepts, variables, and equations. This includes, among others, the economic counterparts of temperature, reversibility and irreversibility, and entropy and entropy generation resulting from economic irreversibility. The meaning of the new concepts, variables, equations, and their messages are introduced and discussed considering simple yet relevant economic processes. The economic counterparts of the First and Second Law balance equations are set in addition to the base concepts and Laws. These are effective and valuable tools for the analysis of economic processes. Observations from selected economic activities are analyzed using the new concepts, variables, and equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferry electrification has gained attention in the last decade as a potential path to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study, conducted by APS LABS at Michigan Technological University for the Mackinac Economic Alliance (MEA) and funded by the Michigan Economic Development Corporation (MEDC), looked at the feasibility and potential benefits of electrification of a particular vessel that is part of a ferry service from Mackinaw City, Michigan, USA, to Mackinac Island, Michigan, USA. The study included a comprehensive analysis of the feasibility of retrofitting the current configuration of the ferry into an all-electric ferry based on the availability of components in today's market. A life-cycle assessment was conducted to compare the emissions between the baseline ferry rebuilt with new internal combustion engines and an all-electric ferry to understand the potential environmental benefits of ferry electrification and find the most sustainable solution for propulsion. The final prong of the three-pronged approach to this project consisted of estimating the difference in expenditures and profits for a rebuilt internal combustion (IC) engine versus electric configurations for a company operating the ferry. The analysis indicated that in the current scenario, electrification of the Mackinac Island ferry is not beneficial, and replacing the ferry's current diesel engines with modern diesel engines is the preferred solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines fiscal sustainability in Latin American countries from a unique time–frequency perspective, focusing on Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Mexico from 1997 to 2022. Using wavelet coherence analysis, it uncovers dynamic relationships between government revenue and expenditure over different time horizons, revealing varying causality patterns across countries and periods. The findings underscore the importance of balanced fiscal planning and resource allocation to ensure fiscal sustainability and support economic growth. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Latin America's economic landscape and provides valuable insights for policymakers, economists, and stakeholders concerned with the region's economic stability and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lowbush blueberry is a mass-flowering plant species complex that grows in both unmanaged wild landscapes and managed agricultural fields in northeastern regions of both the USA and Canada. During pollination, more than 120 native bee species are associated with lowbush blueberry ecosystems in Maine, USA, in addition to three commercially managed bees. Over a 29-year period, we sampled 209 lowbush blueberry fields using quadrat and transect sampling, recording both native bee and honey bee densities, honey bee hive stocking density, and native bees as a proportion of total bees. These data were used to simulate economic uncertainty in pollination. We developed a novel algorithm, the Economic Pollinator Level (EPL), to estimate bee densities that economically warrant pollination investments such as rented hives and planting bee pastures. Statistical modeling indicated both native bee and honey bee activity density predicted proportion fruit set in fields. Honey bee activity density was well predicted by hive stocking density. Proportion fruit set adequately predicted yield. EPL was most sensitive to fruit set/m2/bee and less dependent on berry weight, rented hive stocking density, hive rental cost, lowbush blueberry price, and the annual cost of planting/maintaining pollinator pastures. EPL can be used to sustainably balance economical pollination investments/decisions with bee conservation in lowbush blueberry crops and potentially other pollinator-dependent crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected the utilization of healthcare services in many parts of the world. The response to the healthcare burden imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic was associated with ensuring the provision of optimum healthcare services. This study aimed to estimate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on health services utilization and spending patterns in Dubai, the UAE. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data on healthcare utilization and spending to compare between 2019 and 2020. The data was extracted from the health insurance claims on the eClaimLink platform. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to calculate the percent change of service utilization and spending and percentages of total claims by each encounter type across major diagnostic categories (MDCs). Results: In 2020, there was an overall reduction in outpatient visits and inpatient admissions of 27% and 21%, respectively, compared to 2019. Outpatient visits and prescriptions decreased across all the MDCs except mental and behavioral disorders, which showed an increase of 8% in outpatient visits and 29% in prescriptions. The admissions to the healthcare facilities were also reduced significantly across various MDCs, ranging from 10% to 44%. Similarly, a downward trend was seen in diagnostics for different MDCs. An increase in expenditure on diagnostics and drugs for neoplasm was reported, despite a corresponding decrease in outpatient and inpatient admissions for the same. Conclusion: A significant decrease in overall healthcare utilization and corresponding healthcare spending, resulting from a decline in outpatient and inpatient volume in healthcare facilities at all the levels (hospitals, clinics, speciality centres), was reported during the pandemic. The impact of the pandemic on mental health was reported by this study, as it showed an upward trend in utilization and spending. For the neoplasms, although the utilization declined, the expenditure on diagnostics and drugs during each encounter increased significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study aimed to assess the costs and healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by biomarker status in the pre- and post-approval of the immuno-oncology agent. The analysis examined healthcare costs and HCRU before and after the local regulatory approval of pembrolizumab as a first-line (1L) treatment. Patients were stratified into mutation-positive and negative/unknown groups according to mutational status. The negative/unknown group was further sub-grouped based on the availability of pembrolizumab at the time of starting 1L treatment. Costs and HCRU were analyzed separately for the 1L treatment and overall disease follow-up across lines of therapy and by groups. The study found that introducing 1L immunotherapy has improved overall survival, but healthcare spending has increased concurrently. Decision-makers may find our results useful in deciding how best to allocate resources for treating metastatic NSCLC in terms of the health–economic model and policy. This study evaluated the economic burden of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer patients before and after the availability of an immuno-oncology (IO) regimen as a first-line (1L) treatment. Patients from 2014 to 2020 were categorized according to mutational status into mutation-positive and negative/unknown groups, which were further divided into pre-1L IO and post-1L IO sub-groups depending on the availability of pembrolizumab monotherapy in 1L. Healthcare costs and HCRU for a 1L treatment and overall follow-up were reported as the mean total and per-month cost per patient by groups. Of 644 patients, 125were mutation-positive and 519 negative/unknown (229 and 290 in pre- and post-1L IO, respectively). The mean total per-patient cost in 1L was lower in pre- (EUR 7804) and post-1L IO (EUR 19,301) than the mutation-positive group (EUR 45,247), persisting throughout overall disease follow-up. However, this difference was less when analyzing monthly costs. Therapy costs were the primary driver in 1L, while hospitalization costs rose during follow-up. In both mutation-positive and post-IO 1L groups, the 1L costs represented a significant portion (70.1% and 66.3%, respectively) of the total costs in the overall follow-up. Pembrolizumab introduction increased expenses but improved survival. Higher hospitalisation and emergency room occupation rates during follow-up reflected worsening clinical conditions of the negative/unknown group than the mutation-positive population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experiment was carried out in the Institute of Animal Science—Kostinbrod, Bulgaria, to investigate the growth performance of male layer-type chickens (Lohmann Brown Classic), raised to 6 and 9 weeks of age, to evaluate the economic aspects of this rearing, as well as to present changes in the quality characteristics of the meat during frozen storage. The chickens were reared in a controlled microclimate with an initial stocking density of 9 birds/m2. After 6 weeks of age, fragmentation of the stocking density was applied, and then it diminished to 3 birds/m2. The chickens were slaughtered at 6 and 9 weeks of age. Ten 9-week-old chickens were subjected to carcass analysis. Meat quality parameters (pH, color), degree of proteolysis (free amino groups), and lipid oxidation (content of peroxides and TBARS) were assessed in fresh breast and thigh meat (0 d) and in samples stored for 60 and 120 days at −18 °C in chickens slaughtered at 6 and 9 weeks old. The mean live weight of the male layer-type chickens at 6 weeks was 608.81 g, while the 9-week-old chickens reached 1115.93 g. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the whole period of rearing was 2.75. There were no considerable deviations in the meat traits, indicating quality deterioration over the course of the frozen storage. There was a significant increase in the pH of the breast and thighs, reaching maximum values for 60 days of storage in the 6-week-old chicks, while in the 9-week-old birds, pH peaked in the samples stored for 120 days. The changes in the dynamics of pH corresponded to those of proteolysis. There was an increase in lightness (L*), allowing for higher values in the samples stored for 60 days to be reached regardless of the type of meat and age of the chickens. The content of the peroxides increased considerably for 60 days of frozen storage and decreased afterwards. During storage, there was a constant increase in the secondary products of lipid oxidation. Our results indicated that the application of practices such as the fragmentation of stocking density and finding the suitable age for slaughter have significant importance for the profitability of producing meat product from male layer-type chickens. We found that rearing this type of bird until 9 weeks of age resulted in lower costs and higher economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A majority of individuals with limited English proficiency (LEP) in the U.S. are foreign-born, creating a complex intersection of language, socio-economic, and policy barriers to healthcare access and achieving good outcomes. Mapping the research literature is key to addressing how LEP intersects with healthcare. This scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines and included PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Sociological Abstracts, EconLit, and Academic Search Premier. Study selection included quantitative studies since 2000 with outcomes specified for adults with LEP residing in the U.S. related to healthcare service access or defined health outcomes, including healthcare costs. A total of 137 articles met the inclusion criteria. Major outcomes included ambulatory care, hospitalization, screening, specific conditions, and general health. Overall, the literature identified differential access to and utilization of healthcare across multiple modalities with poorer outcomes among LEP populations compared with English-proficient populations. Current research includes inconsistent definitions for LEP populations, primarily cross-sectional studies, small sample sizes, and homogeneous language and regional samples. Current regulations and practices are insufficient to address the barriers that LEP individuals face to healthcare access and outcomes. Changes to EMRs and other data collection to consistently include LEP status and more methodologically rigorous studies are needed to address healthcare disparities for LEP individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from the contribution of such thinkers as the famous Giordano Bruno (1583) and the great mathematician and physicist Henri Poincaré (1889) and the surprising discovery of the meteorologist Edward Lorenz (1963), we consider the expansion of the mathematics of chaos in this article, paying attention to topology, qualitative geometry, and Catastrophe Theory, on the one hand, and addressing the possibilities derived from the new Computer Science as Quantum Algorithms and the advances in Artificial Intelligence, on the other. We especially highlight the section on computing chaos, which we consider to be new calculation and analysis instruments, such as machine learning and its algorithm called reservoir computing, through which we can know the dynamics of a chaotic system. With past data, with equations like Karamoto–Sivashinsky, one can improve predictions of the system eight times further ahead than in previous methods. Integrating the machine learning approach and traditional model-based prediction, one could obtain accurate predictions twelve Lyapunov times. As we know, in the framework of chaos theory, it is habitually accepted that the idea of long-term prediction seems impossible because we live under a veil of uncertainty. But with technological advances, the landscape begins to change, both in chaos theory and in its applications, especially in the field of economics, to which we devote particular attention, carrying out as an example the analysis of the evolution of the Madrid Stock Exchange in the 2006–2013 crisis. Above all this, a reflection of a general nature is necessary to enlighten us on the possibility of opening a new horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]