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A thin, lightweight and flexible electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding paper composite is an urgent need for modern military confrontations. Herein, a sandwich-structured EMI shielding paper composite with an easy pavement consisting of a filter paper layer, middle AgNWs/MXene layer, and polyvinyl butyral (PVB) layer was constructed by vacuum-assisted filtration, spraying and air-drying. The middle AgNWs/MXene compound endowed the filter paper with excellent electrical conductivity (166 S cm−1) and the fabricated filter paper–AgNWs/MXene–PVB composite exhibits superior EMI shielding (30 dB) with a 141 μm thickness. Remarkably, the specific EMI shielding effectiveness (SSE/t) of the filter paper–AgNWs/MXene–PVB composite reached 13,000 dB cm2 g−1 within the X-band frequency range. This value represents one of the highest reported for cellulose-based EMI shielding materials. Therefore, our sandwich-structured filter paper composite with superior EMI shielding performance can be used in the medical and military fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing a significant decrease in economic working processes, Off-Site Construction (OSC) methods have been frequently adopted in response to challenges such as declining productivity and labor shortages in the construction industry. Currently, in most OSC applications, the assembly phase is traditionally managed based on the personal experience and judgment of the site managers. This approach can lead to inaccuracies or omissions, particularly when dealing with a large amount of information on large, complex construction sites. Additionally, there are limitations in exploring more efficient and productive alternatives for rapidly adapting to changing on-site conditions. Given that the assembly phase significantly affects the OSC productivity, a systematic management approach is crucial for expanding OSC methods. Some initial studies used computer algorithms to determine the optimal assembly sequences. However, these studies often focused on geometrical characteristics, such as component weight or spatial occupancy, neglecting crucial factors in actual site planning, such as the work radius and component installation status. Moreover, these studies tended to prioritize the generation of initial assembly sequences rather than providing alternatives for adapting to evolving on-site conditions. In response to these limitations, this study presents a systematic framework utilizing a Building Information Modeling (BIM)–Genetic Algorithm (GA) approach to generate Precast Concrete (PC) component installation sequences. The developed system employs Genetic Algorithms to objectively explore diverse assembly plans, emphasizing the flexibility of accommodating evolving on-site conditions. Real on-site scenarios were simulated using this framework to explore multiple assembly plan alternatives and validate their applicability. Comprehensive interviews were conducted to validate the research and confirm the system's potential contributions, especially at just-in-time-focused PC sites. Acknowledging a broader range of variables such as equipment and manpower, this study anticipates fostering more systematic on-site management within the context of a digitized construction environment. The proposed algorithm contributes to improving both productivity and sustainability of the construction industry by optimizing the management process of the off-site construction projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]