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The "North America Packaging Market with Focus on the US: Insights & Forecast with Potential Impact of COVID-19 (2024-2028)" report predicts that the North America packaging market will reach US$243.68 billion by 2028, with a growth rate of 2.50% from 2024 to 2028. Factors driving this growth include increasing demand for cosmetics, sales of entertainment equipment, single-use packaging, goods exports, and urbanization. However, environmental concerns regarding food packaging and the emergence of Asia Pacific as a dominant region may pose challenges. Paper packaging is dominant due to its recyclability and energy-saving properties. The market is highly competitive, with key players continuously innovating to meet demand. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research conducted at Purdue University on the development of a portable, paper-based biosensor for detecting fecal contamination on fresh produce farms. The biosensor utilizes a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) testing platform and provides sensitive results within an hour of sample collection. The researchers evaluated the platform on a commercial lettuce farm and found it to have a concordance of 100% when compared to lab-based tests. This innovation has the potential to improve food safety and technology in the fresh produce industry. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Central University of South Bihar in Gaya, India, analyzed a dataset of 12,947 articles to provide a comprehensive overview of the scholarly research landscape related to WhatsApp. The study revealed a significant increase in academic studies dedicated to WhatsApp over time, with two prevalent themes emerging: the impact of COVID-19 and the role of WhatsApp in social media. The analysis also highlighted diverse applications of WhatsApp, including its use in education, communication, medical education, cyberpsychology, security, psychology, and behavioral learning. This study serves as a valuable resource for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers interested in navigating the evolving landscape of WhatsApp research. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Changsha Normal University in China analyzes the research published in the World Journal of Psychiatry in 2023. The study focuses on mapping the knowledge domains represented in the articles and identifies key topics such as depression, mental health, anxiety, schizophrenia, and the impact of coronavirus disease 2019. The research highlights the contributions of authors from China, the United Kingdom, United States, and Turkey, with the American Psychiatric Association being the most cited reference. The report suggests the need for further exploration of digital interventions and artificial intelligence in the field of psychiatry. [Extracted from the article]

A recent research paper from Krida Wacana Christian University explores Karl Barth's interpretation of evil in the context of the global COVID-19 pandemic. The paper analyzes Barth's theological works, focusing on the concept of 'das Nichtige' (nothingness), and uncovers a new understanding of Barth's intentions regarding the problem of evil. The research suggests that Barth's theology provides a framework for addressing post-pandemic suffering challenges and offers practical guidance for Indonesia's Christian community. This reinterpretation of Barth's theology has implications for theology, ethics, and how Christians can comprehend and respond to suffering in a post-pandemic world. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Rome explores the potential of photocatalytic coatings in reducing microbial load on surfaces, including the presence of coronaviruses. The study analyzed 45 papers published between 2006 and 2023, focusing on the antimicrobial effectiveness of various photocatalytic coatings. The results showed that TiO2 coating had a significant effect in decreasing both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria strains. While further research is needed to fully assess the effectiveness and feasibility of these technologies, photocatalytic coatings show promise in combating the spread of microorganisms on surfaces. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the Department of Management Sciences in Islamabad, Pakistan explores the potential of Convergence Innovation (CI) as a catalyst for dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic and achieving sustainable development. The paper discusses sustainable innovation approaches that can enhance organizational performance and extend beyond it. It highlights the impact of market forces in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and Digital Technologies (DT), emphasizing the significance of sustainable innovation for organizational prosperity and individual welfare. The research concludes that embracing CI can help managers create more agile and adaptable organizations in the digital age. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been submitted for a strapless face mask that aims to provide a secure and complete seal on the face without the need for straps. The mask is designed to protect wearers from aerosolized pathogens and can be used by medical personnel, the general public, first responders, and military personnel. It addresses the limitations of cloth and paper masks and the improper fit of N-95 masks, highlighting the need for better protection for medical personnel and individuals exposed to aerosolized particles and pathogens. The mask includes a pliable seal that adheres to the wearer's face, creating an airtight seal, and features access ports for medical procedures. The inventors have filed a patent application for this strapless face mask. [Extracted from the article]

A new study from Changchun University of Chinese Medicine provides a comprehensive review of the genus Quercus, a type of plant within the Fagaceae family. The study analyzed 217 compounds found in Quercus, including terpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, and phenols. The research explored the pharmacological properties of 23 different species of Quercus, including their potential for mitigating the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The study aims to contribute to scientific advancement and enhance the existing literature on Quercus. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued for systems and methods for rapidly inactivating the SARS-CoV-2 virus using silicon nitride and aluminum nitride. The patent describes a method for capturing and inactivating the virus by contacting it with an object containing silicon nitride and/or aluminum nitride. The object can be a variety of materials, such as paper, fabric, plastic, or metal, and can be used in personal protective equipment like masks, gloves, and gowns. The silicon nitride or aluminum nitride can be present as a coating or incorporated into the object. The method claims to inactivate at least 99% of the virus after contact for at least one minute. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Thai Nguyen University of Education have conducted a bibliometric analysis on digital transformation in education. They found that while digital transformation has become widespread in various areas of society, research on its application in education is still fragmented. The study analyzed 1,329 relevant studies and identified four main research trends related to digital transformation in education. The most influential countries in this field are developed countries, but scholars from developing countries are also among the most productive. The research concludes that these trends may change as digital transformation continues to develop. [Extracted from the article]

A researcher at Peking University has conducted a bibliometric analysis of critical care in older adults, focusing on interventions, outcomes, and complications. The study analyzed 6,356 articles and reviews published between 2013 and 2022, revealing an increasing trend in publications on critical care for older adults. The United States and China were the top contributors to research studies in this area. The study identified new trends and areas of interest, such as older patients with coronavirus disease 2019, delirium, and frailty. The research suggests that tailored interventions and specific therapeutic algorithms should be implemented to improve outcomes for older adults in critical care settings. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application from the University of Illinois details a microfluidic device and methods for detecting airborne viruses and bacteria, including SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations. The device can sample the surrounding air in real-time and search for viral RNA or pathogen DNA. It can identify the presence of a wild-type virus or bacterium, estimate the distance to the source, and analyze collected samples for known mutations. The device aims to detect and control the spread of airborne pathogens and could be integrated into bio-monitoring networks to prevent future pandemics. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Reception System And Reception Method" has been published online by NEC Platforms Ltd. The inventor, Toshihiko Itoh, aims to address the issue of visitors potentially spreading COVID-19 by touching reception telephones. The patent application describes a reception system and method that allow visitors to call the person in charge of reception without physically touching the reception telephone. This is achieved through the use of visitor identification codes and mobile terminals. The system also includes a camera to confirm the identity of the visitor. The patent application provides various embodiments of the reception system and method. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been made available online for a nasal swab apparatus and method for applying a cleaning solution. The inventors stress the importance of nasal hygiene in preventing the spread of viruses and bacteria in the nasal cavity. They propose a nasal swab device that includes a cleaning solution and a guard to ensure proper placement in the nose. The device consists of two pre-saturated swabs, with one for cleaning and the other for sanitizing. It is portable, disposable, and can be used without medical assistance or running water. The patent application includes claims related to the composition and packaging of the device. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Wroclaw University of Economics in Poland discusses the efficiency of Polish district courts in handling civil, criminal, and family cases from 2017 to 2021. The study uses input-specific and output-specific production models to assess court inefficiency, finding that court workers and civil judges are the most inefficient. The COVID-19 pandemic and court restrictions in 2020 contributed to increased inefficiency. The research also highlights variations in inefficiency based on geographical location and court size, with larger courts in major cities being the most inefficient. [Extracted from the article]

A report from investigators at York University in Toronto, Canada, examines the issue of corporate accountability in for-profit care homes for the elderly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research highlights how these care homes continued to pay bonuses to executives and dividends to investors while COVID-related deaths increased. The study explores the healthcare and financial governance systems in the industry and argues that they work together to dissipate corporate accountability, creating a fragmented and inadequate system. The researchers suggest that this division within the moral community allows corporations to be seen as accountable entities. [Extracted from the article]

A survey conducted by Bradley Company, a global manufacturer of commercial washroom fixtures, reveals that Americans have changed their handwashing habits since the Covid-19 pandemic. The survey found that 80% of Americans are now more conscious of germs in restrooms due to Covid, with stores, healthcare facilities, and restaurants causing the most concern. The survey also shows that 74% of American adults now wash their hands more frequently in response to seasonal virus outbreaks, compared to 45% in 2009. Additionally, 95% of adults believe handwashing is essential for maintaining overall health, and 77% make a point to wash their hands in public restrooms while traveling. Americans also prioritize handwashing after using a public restroom, and 86% prefer touchless fixtures in restrooms to minimize contact with germs. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from RTI International, a nonprofit research institute, highlights the challenges faced by pre-K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic. The report reveals that teachers worked more than desired and pursued additional training at higher rates than non-teachers. The findings also show disparities in the experiences of female, Black, and Hispanic teachers during the pandemic. Teachers were more likely to postpone having children and delay enrolling in additional education due to the pandemic. This report sheds light on the unequal burden faced by teachers and the impact of the pandemic on their professional and personal lives. [Extracted from the article]

A recent publication in the journal Viruses highlights the importance of understanding the biochemistry of COVID-19. The study reveals that the virus attaches to host cells through a glycan monomer called sialic acid, which is found on the surface of human cells. This attachment triggers the aggregation of red blood cells, leading to oxygen deficits and blood clotting in severe cases of COVID-19. The research emphasizes the need to consider this biochemistry in therapeutic approaches and risk prevention strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the Indian Institute Management Kozhikode examines the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on India's production network. The study finds that quantity constraints imposed during the lockdown can have a greater cost than their simple sum, as they affect the availability of inputs and force some sectors to reduce output. The study also reveals counterintuitive phenomena, such as an increase in the supply of output in certain sectors during and immediately after the lockdown, and an overshooting of GDP above normal levels during the recovery period. The researchers suggest that models like theirs can be used as testbeds for policy experiments. [Extracted from the article]

A researcher from Teesside University has published a new study on the effects of mineral rents, conflict, and population growth on economic growth in selected economies in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study found that mineral rents have a positive impact on countries' growth in the short run, while population growth rates and civil war have negative long-term effects. The study also identified high population growth rates as a primary driver of mineral conflicts that impede economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa. The research suggests that well-managed mineral rents can contribute to economic growth, but this depends on factors such as institutional quality and the ability to contain civil war. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the Technical University Chemnitz in Germany explores the implications of the COVID-19 pandemic on the transition to low-carbon energy sources. The research highlights the vulnerabilities within energy and economic structures that have been exposed by the pandemic, emphasizing the interconnectedness of public health, the environment, and socioeconomic and political dimensions. The study identifies several areas that require further investigation, including long-term scenarios, political dynamics in climate initiatives, the adoption of renewable energy technologies, the impact of energy transition policies on marginalized communities, and the development of sustainable finance mechanisms. The research underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and comprehensive strategies to effectively address the challenges of the post-COVID energy transition. [Extracted from the article]

A researcher from Delhi Technological University has published a new study on machine learning and natural language processing (NLP) in the field of hashtag recommendation for COVID-related tweets. The study aims to automate the process of hashtagging and categorizing social media posts, as well as recommend relevant hashtags for untagged posts. The proposed model, BELHASH, combines Bert embedding with an LSTM model and achieves state-of-the-art results in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. This research contributes to the growing body of work on hashtag recommendation using NLP-based approaches. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia has explored the use of telemedicine in emergency care. The research highlights how digital technologies have advanced to the point where they can reliably assess patients with acute complaints in their homes. The study describes the establishment of a virtual emergency department (VED) service in Melbourne's southeast, which allows certain patients to receive care at home. The researchers hope that this initial framework can be expanded to integrate telehealth with community services and more digital technologies. The incorporation of telehealth into healthcare organizations is seen as a step towards a more digitally integrated health service in the future. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at South China Normal University examined the impact of open peer review on the use of preprints in policy development. Preprints are research papers that have not yet undergone peer review. The study found that open peer review significantly increased the uptake of preprints into policies. However, the lack of peer review for preprints has been a criticism, leading to concerns about their quality and reliability. The research provides insights for researchers and preprint servers on improving the use of preprints in policy-making. [Extracted from the article]

Xerox Corporation has been issued a patent for printed surfaces with antimicrobial properties. The patent describes a printable antimicrobial medium that can be used to create high-touch surfaces with antibacterial or antiviral properties. The medium includes a substrate layer, a first adhesive, a liner layer, and an antimicrobial dry marking material. The antimicrobial dry marking material may contain copper oxide, copper nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, or silver salts. This technology has potential applications in healthcare settings, public spaces, and transportation to prevent the spread of diseases like COVID-19. [Extracted from the article]

Bergen New Bridge Medical Center has expanded its partnership with CareRev, an on-demand workforce platform for healthcare professionals. The Medical Center will be the first to launch CareRev's Internal Resource Pool Plus (IRP+) technology, which streamlines and optimizes flexible shift management for healthcare professionals. By incorporating CareRev's platform, the Medical Center has filled over 4,700 shifts with nearly 50,000 hours worked since 2022. The IRP+ solution will allow the Medical Center to manage their full-time and part-time staff, as well as their per diem workforce, with a customizable self-scheduling platform. This technology aims to improve work-life balance for healthcare professionals and ultimately enhance patient outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention in China highlights the persistent and potentially severe threat of mosquito-borne diseases. The risk of transmission is increasing due to factors such as the spread of viruses like dengue and chikungunya, disruptions in disease control efforts caused by COVID-19, global warming, and human activities. To address this challenge, innovative mosquito control technologies are being developed worldwide. The report focuses on China's latest strategies for mosquito control and provides insights into implementing new measures to combat mosquito-borne diseases. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application titled "Wearable Collector for Noninvasive Sampling of Exhaled Breath Biomarkers, Pathogens or Viral Loads" has been published online. The invention aims to address the challenges of diagnosing COVID-19 by providing a wearable breath-based noninvasive sampler patch that can collect large quantities of viruses over prolonged periods of time. The device is compatible with any mask or protective equipment and can be made in large quantities. It utilizes a flexible substrate, a double-sided adhesive, and a porous membrane to collect biomarkers, pathogens, or viral loads from breath-derived droplets. The invention offers advantages such as personal use, non-invasiveness, low cost, and scalability. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Beijing Jiaotong University have published a study on the transmission of emerging pathogens, specifically focusing on the coronavirus. They established a fractional-order generalized SIRS model that considers the incubation period of the virus. The researchers discussed the Hopf bifurcation, a phenomenon that occurs when a system transitions from a stable state to a periodic state, and proposed a delayed feedback control to achieve better dynamic behaviors. The study also included parameter identification based on measurement data of COVID-19. The research concluded by numerically solving the delayed fractional-order optimal control problem. For more information, readers can refer to the journal article "Optimal Control and Bifurcation Analysis of a Delayed Fractional-order Sirs Model With General Incidence Rate and Delayed Control" published in Nonlinear Analysis Modelling and Control. [Extracted from the article]

A report from researchers at Northeast Forestry University in China discusses their findings on sustainability research in Tongzhou, China. The study used spatial analysis techniques to identify potentially risky roads and infrastructure hazard areas during an epidemic. The researchers compared their results with actual COVID-19 data and found that the identified hazard areas did not completely align with the actual hazard areas. The study provides new perspectives for identifying priority areas for epidemic prevention, control, and sustainable urban development. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by investigators at the Australian National University explores optimal decision-making for investment, consumption, and life insurance with state-dependent utilities in continuous time. The research focuses on an economic agent with a subsistence consumption constraint and an uncertain lifetime horizon. The study utilizes the martingale approach and duality theory to analyze the stochastic optimization problem, transforming it into a dual maximization problem involving a system of linear equations. The research provides insights into optimal strategies for consumption, investment, and life insurance purchases, with case studies examining the impacts of Covid-19 and recent inflation. The study has been peer-reviewed and published in The North American Journal of Economics and Finance. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports on a study conducted by researchers at Deakin University, which investigates racial disparities in the impact of COVID-19 in the U.S. It also highlights significant differences in infection and mortality rates among ethnic minority groups, including Blacks, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans.

A patent application by inventor Steven C. Quay has been made available online, proposing a method for remote detection of pathogens. The method involves receiving a genetic sequence file from a sequencing system, filtering the sequence to exclude irrelevant portions, identifying matches to sequences of interest, and storing data about the matches. The system also includes encryption and authorization features. The invention aims to provide improved tools for tracking and investigating potentially dangerous biological research, particularly related to pathogens. [Extracted from the article]

The US Patent and Trademark Office has published a patent application titled "Immunogenic Compositions" by inventors Xiaozhen Hu, William R. Schief, Torben Schiffner, and Jon M. Steichen. The application focuses on the development of effective vaccines and neutralizing antibodies against coronaviruses, specifically SARS-CoV-2. The inventors propose using engineered glycosylation sites and fusion polypeptides to target the spike protein of the virus and stimulate a neutralizing antibody response. The application also emphasizes the importance of understanding the molecular basis of SARS-CoV-2 entry, pathogenesis, and immune targeting. It provides detailed information for researchers interested in creating immunogenic compositions for viral infections, particularly COVID-19. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Lovely Professional University in Punjab, India, discusses the challenges of detecting and identifying the omicron variant of the coronavirus. The study proposes a framework based on IoT technology and fog-cloud computing for timely diagnosis of the disease. The framework utilizes the weighted naive bayes algorithm and LSTM-ERNN for analyzing health conditions and predicting the spread of the virus. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves high accuracy and outperforms other approaches. The research has been peer-reviewed and published in The Journal of Supercomputing. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the University of Cape Town explores the impact of risk management practices on the profitability of banks in South Africa. The research, which used quantitative data from the six largest commercial banks in South Africa, found that the management of non-performing loans was the primary determinant of bank profitability. The study suggests that banks and regulators should prioritize evaluating the creditworthiness of their customers. This information is valuable for understanding the relationship between risk management and profitability in the banking sector, particularly in the South African context. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers from the University of Stellenbosch in South Africa introduces a new metaheuristic called "The Hiking Optimization Algorithm" (HOA) for solving optimization problems. The algorithm is inspired by hiking and uses Tobler's Hiking Function to determine the walking velocity of hikers in relation to the elevation and distance covered. The performance of HOA is compared to other metaheuristics and found to be competitive and, in some cases, outperforming them. The source codes of HOA and related metaheuristics are publicly accessible. The study has been peer-reviewed and published in Knowledge-Based Systems. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been submitted for a method and system that aims to improve the detection of viral specimens in biosamples using a home-based COVID-19 rapid lateral flow immunoassay test. The method involves using an extraction buffer with detergents and enzymes to disrupt the virus and extract proteins. The test utilizes a lateral flow immunoassay platform to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antigens, with colored lines indicating a positive result. This invention has the potential to enhance detection sensitivity and can be used with other biosamples. The method is rapid, accurate, and cost-effective, and can be performed at home without specialized equipment. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Verona in Italy have conducted a study on the reactions of US financial markets to press news from January 2019 to May 2020. Using unsupervised machine learning techniques, they developed indices to determine the content and uncertainty of news articles from The New York Times. The study found that two topic-specific uncertainty indices, related to COVID-19 news and trade war news, explained the majority of movements in the financial markets during this period. Additionally, the index related to the economy and the Federal Reserve was positively related to the financial markets, indicating its ability to capture the actions of the Federal Reserve during uncertain times. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in Advances in Data Analysis and Classification. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg, South Africa, analyzed Twitter influencer commentaries to understand the discourses and ideologies surrounding coronavirus vaccine acceptance and reluctance in the country. The study found that vaccine hesitant discourses were rooted in cultural, moral, and political ideologies, constructing a reality where the vaccine was seen as risky and potentially lethal. On the other hand, discourses supporting vaccine acceptance included medical-scientific and familial perspectives. The research contributes to understanding vaccine discourses in the era of social media and pandemics, and may provide opportunities for productive communication and intervention in digital spaces. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the University of Technology Sydney highlights the inadequate immunization rates among refugee populations in Australia. The study reveals that refugees have suboptimal immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases and lower vaccine coverage compared to the general population. The COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated these issues, with disruptions in routine and catch-up immunizations. The research calls for enhanced provision of immunization services for refugees in Australia, drawing on key policy considerations outlined by the World Health Organization. For more information, the study can be accessed through Public Health Research & Practice. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by the University of Northumbria in the United Kingdom explores the e-initiatives that emerged during the coronavirus outbreak in Italy. The study focuses on four specific initiatives: the hashtags '#iorestoacasa' (I stay at home) and '#andratuttobene' (everything will be alright), performances on balconies, influencers' campaigns, and altruism and e-parochialism. These initiatives demonstrate the benefits of mediated solidarity and highlight the capacity of Information and Communication Technologies to promote altruism, fight parochialism, develop a sense of community, and connect individuals at various levels. The research concludes that the pandemic has created a paradoxical form of collective individualized and mediated solidarity. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been submitted for a new method of nucleic acid detection, specifically for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes COVID-19. The current method, known as Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT-LAMP), has limitations when used with salivary samples due to their variable pH levels. The new method involves using a modified amplification mixture containing an amino-acid functionalized dye complexed with copper, which can detect the presence of the target nucleic acid in the sample. This method aims to improve the sensitivity and accuracy of nucleic acid-based detection assays. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Zurich explores the impact of the coronavirus outbreak and subsequent lockdown on Hindu death ceremonies and mourning rituals in India. The study examines how these rituals have been renegotiated, modified, and reinterpreted in different regions of India. The researchers highlight the challenges faced by mourners due to the substitution of traditional rituals with new guidelines for the disposal of deceased COVID-19 patients. The inability to grieve collectively during important ceremonies has significant cultural and emotional consequences. The study has been peer-reviewed and published in the OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Tomas Bata University in Zlin examined changes in preferences and attitudes towards university selection in the post-Covid era. The study aimed to determine if there have been any shifts in the preferences of potential students at a selected university in the Czech Republic between the years 2017 and 2022. The research found that the decision-making process for university applicants is now more influenced by relationships with family and friends. The study concluded that universities should adapt their marketing strategies to effectively target potential students and increase their interest in studying at the university, ultimately enhancing competitiveness. [Extracted from the article]

New research conducted at the University of Waikato in New Zealand explores the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on women's physical activity practices. The study examines how women's relationships with spaces, others, and fitness objects during the pandemic have prompted new ways of understanding their own bodies and the importance of physical activity in their lives. The research suggests that the pandemic has led to the emergence of new forms of bodily autonomy and fitness for pleasure and connection, challenging traditional gendered notions of fitness. The study was conducted through object interviews with 38 women in New Zealand. [Extracted from the article]

A new maternal vaccine has been developed by Boehringer Ingelheim to prevent neonatal calf diarrhea caused by bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and Enterotoxigenic E. coli F5. The vaccine was tested in five efficacy studies and demonstrated significant and sustained antibody increase in cows and heifers, as well as prevention of clinical signs of diarrhea and reduced virus shedding in calves. The vaccine was found to be highly effective and safe, providing veterinarians and farmers with a new tool against neonatal calf diarrhea. This research has been peer-reviewed and published in the Large Animal Review. [Extracted from the article]