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Leisure engagement has potential to slow health and functional decline in older age. However, the benefits of different leisure domains for different aspects of aging remains unclear. In 8771 older adults from the Health and Retirement Study (a longitudinal panel study), we measured engagement in physical, creative, cognitive, and community activities. Outcome-wide analyses used 23 aging experiences across seven domains eight years later (daily functioning, physical fitness, long-term physical health problems, heart health, weight, sleep, subjective perceptions of health). Physical activity was related to more positive experiences in all domains but heart health eight years later. Creative engagement was positively related to aging experiences in four domains longitudinally. Cognitive and community engagement were less consistently related to aging experiences. Physical and creative activities may influence important aging metrics, reducing age-related decline and keeping older adults functionally independent for longer, potentially limiting increasing healthcare costs. The benefits of different leisure activities for different aspects of aging remain unclear. Here, authors show that performing physical or creative activities is associated with important aging metrics and could help to prevent age-related decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study provides a detailed investigation on the prediction and diagnosis of unsteady electromagnetic vibroacoustic performance of IPMSMs for electric vehicles under typical unsteady operating conditions with consideration of rotor step skewing and current harmonics. Methods: Firstly, the control model considering the influence of PWM carrier modulation and rotor step skewing is established. Based on this, the currents of the IPMSM under unsteady operating conditions (driving condition and feedback braking condition) are obtained. Accordingly, the currents calculated through the control model are used as the excitation source of electromagnetic finite element. Then, the electromagnetic vibroacoustic performance under unsteady operating conditions is calculated through electromagnetic force subsection mapping and acoustic transfer vector (ATV) method. Moreover, the conditions where resonance vibroacoustic occurs are diagnosed. Finally, the results of prediction and diagnosis are fully verified by experiments of multiple physical fields. Results and Conclusions: The amplitude errors between prediction results and test results are less than 3.2 % . The influence of current harmonics on electromagnetic vibroacoustic can be predicted. The frequency range and speed range of predicted peak vibroacoustic are consistent with the experimental results. The rotor step skewing can be used to weaken the vibroacoustic amplitude of IPMSMs under typical unsteady conditions in the full speed range. This study provides guidance for prediction and diagnosis for electromagnetic vibroacoustic performance of IPMSMs under typical unsteady operating conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-sectional and some longitudinal evidence suggests doing hobbies can reduce substance use, but findings have been inconsistent, and whether associations differ across adolescence remains unclear. This study included 7454 Add Health participants (50% female, 77% White, age mean=14.95 and SD = 1.56). Participants were split into three groups, according to whether they were early (aged 11–14 at baseline), mid (aged 15–16), or late (aged 17–20) adolescents at baseline. The trajectories of binge drinking, marijuana, and tobacco use were analysed in latent growth models across Waves 1–5 (1994–2018). Concurrent associations between substance use and hobby engagement were tested at Waves 1–3 separately in the three age groups. Doing hobbies more frequently was associated with lower odds of binge drinking and marijuana and tobacco use in early adolescence. Although there was initially a similar protective association in mid and late adolescence, this had reversed by Wave 3 for binge drinking and marijuana use, when participants were young adults. This change in the association could be a result of differing social contexts, changes in peer influence, or an indication that creative hobbies are particularly beneficial. It could explain previous inconsistent findings and demonstrates the importance of considering developmental differences when investigating engagement in hobbies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]