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The study investigates the approach to enhance the thermal management of battery cell module by attaching number of inverted triangular cavity to its casing. A sinusoidal heating is considered to battery cell module or a left wall of the cavity. The sinusoidal heated region is considered to be a function of amplitude ratio. The objective is to transfer the heat from module using natural convection process. The enhanced heat transfer is possible by adopting hybrid nanofluid in a triangular cavity due to its improved thermophysical properties. Thus, the investigation on natural convection heat transfer, fluid flow, and irreversibility within an inverted right-angled triangular porous cavity is conducted. Numerical results are obtained through an own-house FORTRAN coding, that uses the streamfunction–vorticity algorithm. The numerical results are derived for various values with Rayleigh number ( 10 3 - 10 6 ), Darcy number ( 10 - 5 - 10 - 1 ) , Hartmann number ( 0 - 50) , amplitude ratio ( 0.0 - 0.9 ) and volume fraction of nanoparticles ( 0.01 - 0.04 ), respectively. The irreversibility and flow results are compared with the various hybrid nanofluids. The study indicates that opting inverted right-angled triangular cavity rather than a square shape leads to an improvement in heat transfer. Accordingly, this inverted right-angled triangular cavity natural convective cooling can be considered as optimum design with the battery cell module for improved thermal management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to investigate viscous dissipation with thermal radiation impact on hybrid nanofluid flow past an exponentially stretching/shrinking surface along with magnetic field, and heat source/sink, slip boundary conditions. Water ( H 2 O ) is taken into account as a host fluid with copper (Cu) and alumina ( Al 2 O 3 ) as nanoparticles to form a hybrid nano liquid (Cu- H 2 O - Al 2 O 3 ). The coupled nonlinear partial differential equations are transmuted into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations with boundary conditions and these ODEs are simplified using numerical solver, bvp4c in MATLAB. The behavior of momentum profiles, thermal profiles, coefficient of heat transfer ( Nux 1 ) and skin friction ( C f ) are explored using the pertinent parameters such as Eckert Number ( Ec 1 ), Suction Parameter ( S 1 ), Magnetic Parameter ( M 1 ), Radiation Parameter ( Nr 1 ), Stretching/Shrinking Parameter (λ ), Velocity and thermal slip Parameters ( A 1 and B 1 ), Heat source/sink Parameter ( β 1 ), variable thermal Parameter (ϵ ), thermal conductivity (K) are depicted through tables and graphs. The present simulation is more stable and convergence when compared with the existing literature, which is portrayed in the tables. The presence of dual solution is noticed for Ec 1 = 0.1, 0.11,0.12 when the critical value of λ (= λ c ) are λ c 1 = - 1.60355799, λ c 2 = - 1.60322884 and λ c 3 = - 1.6031348, respectively. The existence of the dual solution is reported due to the presence of shrinking surface and suction, further, the first solution is found to be more stable. The novelty of the current simulation includes MHD hybrid nano liquid flow stability with the impact of viscous dissipation and thermal radiation past stretching/shrinking permeable plane to fill the research gap in the existing literature. The applications of transmission of heat by stretching/shrinking surface in boundary layers is used in various fields such as polymer and material processing, biomedical engineering, heat exchangers, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jeffrey fluids, a subset of non-Newtonian fluids, have received substantial research attention owing to their versatile utility in industries, such as polymer processing, cosmetics, and glass manufacturing. This paper endeavors to introduce a pioneering outlook on the behavior of Jeffrey fluids by researching their intricate responses to an array of influencing factors, including slip conditions, thermal effects, magnetic fields, chemical influences, and pivotal roles in the enhancement of drug delivery systems. Jeffrey fluids hold particular significance in modeling physiological fluids found in biological systems, representing blood circulation with precision in terms of relaxation time and stress retardation. Interestingly, under specific conditions, when subjected to wall shear stress exceeding the yield strength, Jeffrey fluids transition to exhibit Newtonian fluid characteristics. Hence, we embark on a comprehensive exploration of the applicability of the Jeffrey fluid model across diverse industrial domains and its contribution to the realm of flow control. Our research focuses on the study of mixed convective Jeffrey fluid flow across an inclined vertical plate, considering the combined impacts of the Soret and Hall currents, along with slip conditions involving velocity, temperature, and concentration disparities. This intricate problem is analytically resolved through the careful use of the perturbation technique. Furthermore, the inclined angle parameter enhances the velocity profile, while the velocity slip parameter exhibits the opposite effect. Additionally, the thermal and concentration slip parameters attenuate the temperature and concentration profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the pressure-driven and electroosmotic flow of Bingham plastic fluid within a curved microtube in the presence of a streaming potential. Perturbation analysis is utilised to solve the governing equations and obtain approximate analytical solutions. Validation against existing literature confirms the accuracy of the approach, with highly favourable agreement observed. The electrical double-layer (EDL) distribution is analysed for various Debye lengths, perturbation parameters, curvature ratios, and zeta potentials. As curvature increases, the EDL decreases near the lower wall and increases near the upper wall. The impact of electroosmosis force, Debye lengths, perturbation parameters, curvature ratios, and ionic Peclet number on axial velocity profiles is investigated. Axial velocity increases with the electroosmotic parameter value due to a more significant axial electric force in the inner area. Additionally, velocity decreases with increasing Bingham parameter, particularly at the lower wall region, while it increases with curvature value in the upper half of the tube. Higher flow rates are observed within curved microtubes than linear ones under similar pressure gradients and cross-sectional shapes. Increasing Debye length reduces streaming potential magnitude, favouring pressure-driven flow over electroosmotic flow. Finally, the variation of electrokinetic energy conversion efficiency with curvature ratio for different Bingham parameters is analysed. Higher Bingham parameter values increase fluid viscosity, resulting in slower fluid movement, reduced streaming potential, and decreased efficiency of electrokinetic energy conversion. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of fluid dynamics within curved microtubes and offers insights into optimising energy conversion efficiency in Bingham plastic fluid systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary power engineering and microelectronics, the efficiency of cooling systems is of crucial importance. To meet this requirement, specialized approaches and the use of nanofluids are employed to improve the heat dissipation of heat-generating components. This study presents a methodology based on a numerical simulation investigation and statistical analysis using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to estimate the average Nusselt number (Nuavg) associated with mixed convection in a ventilated cavity. The study considered pure water and mixtures of nanoparticles (Cu, Ag, and TiO2) as heat transfer fluids, exploring various values of the Richardson number (0.1 to 100) and volume fractions (0 to 8%). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the quadratic mathematical model developed by RSM effectively predicted the results of the numerical simulation with a coefficient of determination R2 close to 1. The results obtained from the 3D curves of the RSM show that the average Nusselt number (Nuavg) increases significantly with the Richardson number. Conversely, an increase in the volumetric fraction leads to a slight decrease in Nuavg. Furthermore, it is observed that the agent (Ag) generates higher Nuavg values compared to other materials such as copper (Cu) and TiO2. Combining the RSM method with the desirability function (DF) allows for achieving the optimal average Nusselt number (Nuavg). Validation of the values proposed by the DF and those obtained by simulation shows a very small relative error, less than 0.13%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]