Ukrainian men and women en masse participated in the 2004 Orange Revolution and the 2013–2014 Revolution of Dignity. Drawing on these cases of mass mobilization, the study examines gender differences in protest participation in a polity with fragile democratic institutions. Based on data from nationally representative surveys, the analysis demonstrates differences in the effects of some socioeconomic and attitudinal characteristics on protest behavior. The results also suggest that the gendered impact of some variables diminishes with an increase in gender equality in society. This research expands our understanding of the relationship between gender and protest engagement in Eastern Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Nazneen, Sohela, Sultan, Maheen, and Chowdhury, Nobonita
Subjects
WOMEN'S empowerment, COLLECTIVE efficacy, MICROFINANCE, MASS mobilization
Abstract
BRAC's focus on women and community organisations in the 1970s was lauded as bringing forth "a quiet revolution." We explore the evolution of BRAC's selected programs that built community forums and argue that while BRAC successfully retained its focus on women's inclusion, its approach to collective empowerment is marked by contradictions. The shifts in funding structures that emphasised individual empowerment, the organisation's emphasis on scaling up programs at the expense of investing in building community organisations, and the accommodation of patriarchal norms to prevent backlash from local actors – all resulted in trade-offs, limiting programming on collective empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
PUBLIC opinion, WAR, PUBLIC demonstrations, MASS mobilization
Abstract
The research note considers the impact of mobilization events on Polish–Belarusian relations. I analyze and characterize the states' relations prior to the protests in Belarus in 2020, and identify the most important problems in their relations. Poland's attitude toward the mass mobilization of Belarusian society and its reception by the Lukashenko regime is described. In the last section, I explain the impact of the Russian–Ukrainian war on Poland's relations with Belarus. The research demonstrates that the events analyzed transformed bilateral relations, generating a crisis between the states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]