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We assess long-term surgical outcomes after an initial trabeculectomy for cytomegalovirus-associated anterior uveitis with secondary glaucoma (CMV-SG). We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 16 eyes of 15 patients with CMV-SG and 157 eyes of 157 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma. The average follow-up period was approximately 3 years. Surgical success was defined as intraocular pressure (IOP) below 18 mmHg and at least 20% lower than baseline. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that bleb survival rates were not significantly different in the CMV-SG and POAG groups (P = 0.75). Bullous keratopathy occurred in 2 of 16 eyes with CMV-SG postoperatively but did not occur in the POAG group. The corneal endothelial cell density decreased by 34.2 ± 22.7% in the CMV-SG group during an average follow-up period of 2.7 ± 2.0 years. Trabeculectomy effectively controlled IOP in CMV-SG, but attention must be paid to corneal endothelial cell loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel proofs show that the sum of a specific pair of normal random variables is not normal are established in this note. This is one of the most often misunderstood facts by first-year students in probability theory and statistics. The first proof is concise using the moment generating function. The second proof checks whether the moments of the sum have the property of normal distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite structures are optimized in shape by terminating specific plies gradually. However, stress concentration at the ply drop-off can cause interlaminar delamination from the ply edge. In this study, Ply Curving Termination (PCT), which is introduced by locally curving fibers at 0° ply edges, is used to enhance tensile strength of the ply drop-off. To clarify the dependence of the PCT strength on the curved fiber angle (PCT angle), static tensile tests using ply drop-off specimens are conducted, followed by detailed damage observations using X-ray CT. The results indicates that the strength significantly increases with PCT but the fracture behavior differs depending on the PCT angle. Interestingly, specimens with large PCT angles fail from the position where the fibers curve, away from the ply edge. This PCT-specific failure mechanism is then elucidated using finite element analysis and the virtual crack closure technique, indicating that shear lag caused by the stiffness change due to fiber curving is important. Finally, using the revealed PCT failure mechanism, PCT angles that are the most effective in enhancing tensile strength is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents cultural conservation projects in Iran and Iraq, in each of which the social context of the archaeological site and the collection were also considered, in order to develop long-term conservation planning. The objective of one project is to improve the water supply for the local village population near an ancient salt mine in Iran in order to retain them as stewards of the archaeological site. Another project shows how digital media and different narrative perspectives are intended to appeal to different target groups in Iran and worldwide to raise awareness of the so-called salt mummies recovered from the ancient salt mine. International experts are also addressed via online formats to discuss the challenges of the ethical handling of human remains for conservation and exhibition. In Kurdistan (Iraq), young archaeology students are introduced to the topics of archaeological heritage management in order to recruit them as future caretakers. What all projects have in common is that relationships and cross-sector networks are being established to build a crisis-proof local community that takes care of its cultural heritage. In this way, projects can be implemented that are primarily carried out by local actors, thereby building up expertise that will endure. These projects are the initial attempts to link cultural preservation and social well-being and thus to make a contribution to sustainable development in line with the UN's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reflexive referentially depends on another NP. Long-standing inquiries in sentence processing literature revolve around whether and how forming this coreference relation during online sentence processing is susceptible to similarity-based interference. To address these questions, we conducted four experiments using L-maze tasks. The results revealed (delayed) interference in ungrammatical sentences, indicating facilitatory interference. We also found that structural information associated with a distractor and related to clause finiteness may influence memory retrieval. Interference effects were not observed in grammatical sentences across all experiments. These results suggest that online reflexive resolution may be susceptible to interference only when the reflexive mismatches its structurally accessible antecedent in features, and that structural information may influence how a distractor interferes with memory retrieval during online sentence processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of this study were to retrospectively investigate the patient characteristics, treatment patterns, healthcare resource utilization (HCRU), and healthcare costs related to management of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in Japan. Cohorts of NF1 patients with or without plexiform neurofibromas (PN) were identified from the Medical Data Vision database in 2008–2019. Baseline characteristics, NF1 medications, HCRU, and associated costs were assessed using descriptive statistics. All-cause HCRU and costs following the first confirmed NF1 diagnosis date were analyzed per patient per year (PPPY) in Japanese Yen (JPY) and United States Dollar (USD). A total of 4394 NF1 patients without PN and 370 NF1 patients with PN were identified. The mean age was 35.0 and 36.9 years, respectively. The proportion of patients with PN treated with medications was higher than that in patients without PN (except for antirheumatic/immunologic agents). Analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were the most frequently prescribed NF1 medications (44.3% and 56.0% in patients without and with PN, respectively), followed by inpatient prescriptions of opioids/opioid-like agents (17.8% and 27.6%, respectively). Inpatient admissions accounted for the highest costs in both cohorts with the average cost PPPY being JPY 2,133,277 (USD 19,861) for patients without PN and JPY 1,052,868 (USD 9802) for patients with PN. NF1 is treated primarily with supportive care with analgesics/non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs being the most frequently prescribed NF1 medications in Japan. Findings underscored the unmet need and substantial economic burden among patients with NF1 and highlighted the need for new treatment options for patients with this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the performance of the abdominal handheld point-of-care ultrasonography (POcus) Butterfly-iQ to gold standard transvaginal ultrasonography (Us) in identifying the position of intrauterine devices (lUDs) in the hands of a medical doctor specialised in ultrasonography. Methods: in this diagnostic accuracy study, a single operator conducted abdominal POCUS followed by conventional transvaginal US. Seventy patients utilising copper or hormonal iUDs were assessed between June 2021 and October 2022. iUDs were categorised as entirely within the uterine cavity or malpositioned. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated for detecting malpositioned iUDs, with conventional US results serving as the reference standard. Concordance rate and Kappa coefficient were computed to assess the agreement between the two ultrasound modalities. Results: among the 70 patients, 46 (65.7%) used copper iUDs, and 24 (34.3%) used hormonal iUDs. Conventional transvaginal US showed iUDs entirely within the uterine cavity in 56 (80%) patients and 14 (20%) iUDs were malpositioned. Of the 14 malpositioned iUDs seen by conventional US, POCUS identified 13 demonstrating a sensitivity of 92.9% (66.1-99.8). Of the 56 iUDs entirely within the uterine cavity shown by conventional US, only two cases were considered malpositioned by POCUS demonstrating a specificity of 96.4% (87.7-99.6). The concordance rate was 95.7%, and the Kappa value was 0.87 in differentiating between iUDs entirely within the uterine cavity and those that were malpositioned. Conclusion: Abdominal POCUS using Butterfly-iQ, when administered by an imaging specialist, exhibited excellent performance in confirming iUDs entirely within the uterine cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ply drop-off is a weak point of a tapered composite laminate, where stress concentration occurs and delamination initiates. By suppressing delamination from the ply drop-off, more optimized structural design and further weight reduction are possible. Ply Curving Termination (PCT), which locally changes the fiber direction at the edge of the dropped ply, is one of the promising delamination suppression mechanisms. To improve the technical maturity of PCT, this study conducted tensile fatigue tests using asymmetric taper configuration. Damage initiation, delamination propagation, and final failure were evaluated in detail by changing the PCT fiber angle and loading level, confirming that large PCT angles are effective in improving the fatigue properties of tapered laminates and that controlling the location of initial damage is necessary to maximize the effectiveness of PCT. Based on the findings, an effective design guideline for tapered laminates with PCT was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Posterior expansion of the utricular endolymphatic space (ES) is a finding occasionally observed, and often occurs in bilateral ears. The clinical significance of posterior expansion of the utricular ES is not clear. To investigate the clinical significance of posterior expansion of the utricular ES detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Among 957 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced MRI to investigate the presence of endolymphatic hydrops (EH), clinical findings in cases with posterior expansion of the utricular ES were evaluated and the significance of their existence is considered. Posterior expansion of the utricular ES was detected in 30 ears from 20 cases (7 males, 13 females; mean age 48.7 years). The ears with posterior expansion had a significantly lower incidence of vestibular EH than those without, and this tendency was more prominent in cases in bilateral ears. Some cases with posterior expansion had vestibular symptoms and were diagnosed with Ménière's disease, although EH was not detected in their vestibules. Posterior expansion of the utricular ES was associated with Ménière's disease without vestibular EH. Posterior expansion of the utricular ES might not be associated with the formation of EH but may occur independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particle flowability can be improved by admixing with particles smaller than the original main particles. However, the effects of the admixed particle coating structure for the main particle surface on the improvement of flowability are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of coating structures prepared under various mixing strength conditions (compression force and rotational speed) on particle compaction flowability. The main and admixed particles for various mass ratios were mixed in various mixing strength conditions and the compacted packing fractions of the mixed particles were measured. SEM images and SAXS were used to analyze the surface coating ratio, coating diameter, and fractal dimension of the admixed particles on the main particle surfaces. The difference in fractal dimension calculated from the SAXS data and the coating diameter ranges of the admixed particle agglomerates obtained from SEM images showed that the improvement mainly depended on coating structures in agglomerates 30–60 nm in size of the admixed particles. An optimal coating structure for improving the compaction flowability was an average gap between agglomerates on the main particle surfaces of around 2–3 times the coating diameter. This result was explained by a linked rigid three-body model movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We previously reported unusual adenomas with proliferative zones confined to the lower two-thirds of the crypt. The proliferative zones of colorectal adenomas have three patterns: 'lower,' 'superficial' and 'entire'. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of each adenoma pattern. We investigated 2925 consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy at our institute. All polyps that were removed were histologically examined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The location of the proliferative zone was assessed for adenomas. Data were compared using Dunn's and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Colorectal adenomas with 'lower' proliferative zone often appeared similar to hyperplastic polyps (42.8%), and the frequency was significantly higher than that of adenomas with 'superficial' and 'entire' proliferative zones (p < 0.001). The mean sizes of adenomas were 2.4, 3.0 and 3.9 mm for 'lower,' 'superficial' and 'entire' proliferative zones, respectively. A significant gradual increase was observed. Regarding morphology, the proportion of type 0–I in adenomas with an 'entire' proliferative zone was significantly higher than that in adenomas with 'superficial' proliferative zone (p < 0.001). While colorectal adenomas develop and increase in size, the proliferative zone appears to shift upward and become scattered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of molecular targeted agents and immunotherapies in anti-cancer treatment, a concept of optimal biological dose (OBD), accounting for efficacy and toxicity in the framework of dose-finding, has been widely introduced into phase I oncology clinical trials. Various model-assisted designs with dose-escalation rules based jointly on toxicity and efficacy are now available to establish the OBD, where the OBD is generally selected at the end of the trial using all toxicity and efficacy data obtained from the entire cohort. Several measures to select the OBD and multiple methods to estimate the efficacy probability have been developed for the OBD selection, leading to many options in practice; however, their comparative performance is still uncertain, and practitioners need to take special care of which approaches would be the best for their applications. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive simulation study to demonstrate the operating characteristics of the OBD selection approaches. The simulation study revealed key features of utility functions measuring the toxicity-efficacy trade-off and suggested that the measure used to select the OBD could vary depending on the choice of the dose-escalation procedure. Modelling the efficacy probability might lead to limited gains in OBD selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferative zone of colonic adenomas is confined to the upper third of the crypt or is scattered along its entire axis. In contrast, there are unusual adenomas with proliferative zones confined to the lower two-thirds of the crypt. We investigated the frequency and endoscopic features of adenomas with lower proliferative zones. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopies between September 2022 and March 2023 at the Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic. Colorectal polyps were endoscopically assessed using the Japan Narrow-Band Imaging Expert Team (JNET) classification. All resected polyps were histologically examined, and the proliferative zone locations were assessed in the adenomas. The frequency of adenomas with a lower proliferative zone was 1.8% (44/2420) in adenomas. Among these adenomas, JNET type 1 incidence was 43.2% (19/44), which was significantly higher than that in adenomas with a normal proliferative zone. Adenomas with a lower proliferative zone were diminutive (mean size: 2.5 mm) and prone to develop in the proximal colon. Colonic adenomas with proliferative zones confined to the lower two-thirds of the crypt often appear as diminutive, hyperplastic polyps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Left upper lobectomy (LUL) with left superior pulmonary vein (LSPV) resection alters the left atrium (LA) physiological states and LA hemodynamics associated with thrombosis, although this underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of LSPV resection and associated LA physiological changes on LA hemodynamics using four-dimensional computed tomography image-based computational simulations. Three cases were considered: the LA before and after LUL extracted from computed tomography images and artificial LSPV resection without physiological changes. Comparisons among the three cases demonstrated that physiological changes associated with LSPV resection are the possible factors that affect the LA hemodynamics after LUL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackgroundObjectiveMaterials and methodsResultsConclusionAlthough various medical remedies have been attempted to alleviate the symptoms of Meniere’s disease (MD), the risk–benefit ratios of these various treatments remain debatable.We investigated the efficacy of sound stimulation of 100 Hz for treating vestibular dysfunction in patients with Meniere’s disease (MD).Patients with definitive MD with intractable vestibular symptoms and endolymphatic hydrops (EH) in the inner ear were evaluated. The experimental group received sound stimulation of 75 dB at a frequency of 100 Hz for 5 min, and the control group received sound stimulation of 75 dB at a frequency of 250 Hz for 5 min. Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) were measured before and after each sound stimulation, and the results of the clinical tests were compared between the two patient groups.Significant increases in cVEMP amplitudes were observed after sound stimulation of 100 Hz in ears with vestibular endolymphatic hydrops, although no such improvement was observed in the control group.Sound stimulation of 75 dB at a frequency of 100 Hz leads to improvement in cVEMP amplitude in patients with definitive MD. Adequate sound stimulation might be a new method for treating vestibular dysfunction associated with MD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For this study, orthogonal three dimensional (3D) woven silicon carbide (SiC) fiber (Hi-Nicalon, Hi-Nicalon Type S) -reinforced Si-CoSi2 matrix composites (SiC fiber/Si-CoSi2 composites) were fabricated and the microstructures and mechanical properties were characterized. The SiC fibers (28% fiber volume fraction) woven into orthogonal 3D fabrics and used as reinforcement were coated with chemical vapor infiltration (CVI)-carbon to control the fiber–matrix interface. The composite material infiltrated with Si-CoSi2 was produced using a melt-infiltration process. Four-point bending tests conducted at room temperature showed bending strength exceeding 300 MPa and tensile fracture strain exceeding 0.7%. Furthermore, bending strength greater than 400 MPa was found from a high-temperature four-point bending test under an Ar atmosphere. The failure mode was quasi-ductile. Fiber pull-out and fiber cross-linking were observed clearly. Melt infiltration of the Si-Co alloy caused little damage to the SiC fibers, confirming CVI-C layer protection of the fibers during melt infiltration and confirming that the layer can control mechanical properties at the fiber–matrix interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningeal carcinomatosis (MC) has an extremely poor prognosis and can present with various neurological symptoms. A 68-year-old man presented to our hospital with a 1 month history of headache and nausea followed by sudden decrease in vision in both eyes. Whilst being examined in the ophthalmology department he lost consciousness and had a generalised tonic clonic seizure. Accordingly, he was transferred to the Emergency Department. Head magnetic resonance imaging showed hydrocephalus. Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scanning reported changes suggestive of gastric carcinoma. Cerebrospinal fluid cytological examination showed numerous atypical cells, leading to the diagnosis of MC. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed an advanced gastric tumour. Systemic chemotherapy was initiated, however, he died within 16 days of admission. At autopsy, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma was identified in the subarachnoid space, however it had not invaded the brain parenchyma or optic chiasm. This is the first report of loss of vision being the first presenting symptom of new-onset gastric carcinoma with MC. Although rare, MC should be suspected in cases where patients present with sudden loss of vision and symptoms of meningeal irritation, where there are no ophthalmological findings to explain the vision loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractFinite element (FE) simulations of adhesively bonded composite joints were conducted using the cohesive zone model (CZM). To clarify the effect of fracture criteria on the accuracy of the CZM simulation, two types of mixed-mode criteria including the ­linear summation model of Modes I and II energy release rates, GI/GIC+GII/GIIC=1, and the nonlinear power-law, (GI/GIC)n+(GII/GIIC)n=1 , were employed. A CZM formulation using the power-law fracture criterion was developed in this study. The load–displacement curves calculated by the two models were compared with the experimental results obtained from mixed-mode Fernlund–Spelt-type double cantilever beam tests, and the Mode II end-notched flexure (ENF) tests. Calculations using the nonlinear fracture criterion were closer to the experimental results. Consequently, it is concluded that nonlinear fracture modeling is of vital importance for accurate strength analysis of mixed-mode adhesive joints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractContributing to the confinement safety evaluation of glove boxes (GBs) connected to high-efficiency particle air filters for radioactive materials under fire accidents, combustion tests of a flammable polymer, i.e., polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and a flame retardant polymer, i.e., polycarbonate (PC), as typical GB panel resins have been conducted with an engineering-scale combustion apparatus. Combustion properties such as the mass loss rate (MLR) and the heat release rate (HRR) of PMMA and PC were investigated in the combustion tests. From our results, the relationships of MLR and HRR to the surface area of the plate type of PMMA and PC were deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe yield stress of rubber-modified epoxy adhesives is affected by hydrostatic stress in the adhesive layer. It is necessary to clarify whether hydrostatic stress modeling is essential for highly toughened epoxy adhesives and how hydrostatic stress should be considered under high multiaxial stress conditions. The elastic–plastic stress–strain behavior of a film-type epoxy adhesive AF163-2U was examined using a bulk adhesive tension test and a thick adherend shear test (TAST). The exponent Drucker–Prager model with an appropriate hydrostatic-stress sensitivity parameter (λ-parameter = 1.639) fully described the stress–strain curves both for the bulk adhesive tension test and TAST. The Hill’48 model of hydrostatic-stress-independent plasticity also simulated the bulk adhesive tension test and TAST as a response by determining the appropriate anisotropic parameters. To examine the effect of extremely high hydrostatic stress, a butt-joint tensile test and a finite element (FE) simulation were conducted using the exponent Drucker–Prager and Hill’48 models. The Hill’48 model completely failed in the butt-joint tensile test simulation. The exponent Drucker–Prager model, where a higher λ-parameter (=2.1) was required; consequently, it was concluded that the hydrostatic-stress effect should be considered for the adhesive model and the λ-parameter is not a fixed value but increases with increasing hydrostatic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subthreshold depression impairs young people's quality of life and places them at greater risk of developing major depression. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an evidence-based approach for addressing such depressive states. This study identified subtypes of university students with subthreshold depression and revealed discrete profiles of five CBT skills: self-monitoring, cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, assertive communication, and problem solving. Using data from the Healthy Campus Trial (registration number: UMINCTR-000031307), a hierarchical clustering analysis categorized 1,080 students into three clusters: Reflective Low-skilled, Non-reflective High-skilled, and Non-reflective Low-skilled students. Non-reflective Low-skilled students were significantly more depressed than other students (p <.001). The severity of depression seemed to be related to the combination of self-monitoring skills and other CBT skills. Considering the high prevalence of poor self-monitoring skills in persons with autism, the most severe depression was observed in the significant association between Non-reflective Low-skilled students and autistic traits (p =.008). These findings suggest that subthreshold depression can be categorized into three subtypes based on CBT skill profiles. The assessment of autistic traits is also suggested when we provide CBT interventions for Non-reflective Low-skilled students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional markers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), α-fetoprotein (AFP) and des-γ-carboxy prothrombin (DCP), have several limitations; both have low sensitivity in patients with early-stage HCC; low sensitivity for AFP with HCC after eliminating hepatitis C virus (HCV); low specificity for DCP in patients with non-viral HCC, which is increasing worldwide; low specificity for AFP in patients with liver injury; and low specificity for DCP in patients treated with warfarin. To overcome these issues, the identification of novel biomarkers is an unmet need. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of serum protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) for detecting these HCCs. PKCδ levels were measured using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 363 chronic liver disease (CLD) patients with and without HCC. In both viral and non-viral CLD, PKCδ can detect HCCs with high sensitivity and specificity, particularly in the very early stages. Notably, the value and sensitivity of PKCδ were not modified by HCV elimination status. Liver injury and warfarin administration, which are known to cause false-positive results for conventional markers, did not modify PKCδ levels. PKCδ is an enhanced biomarker for the diagnosis of HCC that compensates for the drawbacks of conventional markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contamination density of 137Cs deposited in the gap between the top and middle covers of the shield plug in the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 2 was estimated using three types of measurement results. Owing to the extremely high dose rate on the entire operation floor, including the top of the shield plug, only remotely measured dose rates, such as ambient dose equivalent rates, were obtained using robots. Based on three types of measurements, significantly higher concentrations of 137Cs were observed than previously estimated. An estimation based on the measurements of the ambient dose equivalent rate inside the hole also demonstrated that the contamination density in the gap between the top and middle covers varied significantly at different positions of the cover. The results obtained will significantly aid in future decommissioning scenarios, and will be important for examining the progress of an accident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The working group on shielding materials under the Standards Committee of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan has been studying the standard composition of shielding concrete that has a clear basis for use in the design of Japanese facilities. The policy for determining the composition, the procedure of study, the results obtained to date, and future tasks are described. Concrete is broadly classified into silicon type and calcium type depending on the aggregate. The reference mix design and composition were selected from the Japanese recommendation, and minor elements in the composition were replaced with silicon and calcium while preserving their weight in order to reduce regional differences. However, the penetration dose calculation for 235U thermal fission neutrons indicated that iron and carbon should be retained. The penetration dose calculations for photons from 235U prompt fission and radioisotopes showed that the attenuation ratios of silicon-type and calcium-type concretes differ in the energy region where electron pair production becomes dominant. The water content of concrete was found to vary with thickness as a result of moisture migration analysis over time. Finally, a draft composition of silicon-type concrete by thickness was determined using the residual water content at 60 years after placement. A method for correcting the elemental content under different mix conditions was also proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractDialectical behavior therapy (DBT) and mentalization-based treatment (MBT) are evidence-based approaches to the treatment of borderline personality disorder (BPD), but their implementation in Japan is challenging due to access limitations and attitudinal barriers. This nationwide cross-sectional survey of 153 psychologists in Japan was conducted between 14 October 2021 and 15 November 2021 using a web-based questionnaire. It aimed to assess current BPD diagnoses and treatments, specifically whether standard treatments (such as DBT and MBT) in Western countries are commonly used in Japan. The most common symptoms among patients with BPD were unstable relationships (94.8%) and emotional instability (91.5%). The psychotherapies most commonly used were supportive (52.3%), eclectic (44.4%), psychoanalytic (40.5%), and cognitive behavioral therapy (37.3%). Only 11.8% and 8.5% of psychologists identified DBT or MBT as the main psychotherapy, respectively. The most common drug therapies used were mood stabilizers (64.1%), antidepressants (58.8%), and atypical antipsychotics (49.0%). More than half (56.2%) of psychologists reported that their clients used local networks and social resources. These results provide a deeper understanding of the current management of BPD in Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects obtained from resistance training depend on the exercise range of motion (ROM) performed. We aimed to examine the acute effects of different exercise ROM resistance training on the plantar flexor muscles. Eighteen healthy untrained male adults participated in three conditions: calf raises in 1) partial condition [final (short muscle length) partial ROM], 2) full condition (full ROM), and 3) control condition. The ankle dorsiflexion (DF) ROM, passive torque at DF ROM, passive stiffness of muscle-tendon unit, and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC-ISO) torque were measured before and immediately after the interventions. There were significant increases in DF ROM, passive torque at DF ROM, and a decrease in MVC-ISO, but no significant interaction in passive stiffness. Post hoc test, DF ROM demonstrated moderate magnitude increases in the full condition compared to the partial (p = 0.023, d = 0.74) and control (p = 0.003, d = 0.71) conditions. Passive torque at DF ROM also showed moderate magnitude increases in the full condition compared to the control condition (p = 0.016, d = 0.69). MVC-ISO had a moderate magnitude decrease in the full condition compared to the control condition (p = 0.018, d=−0.53). Resistance training in the full ROM acutely increases joint ROM to a greater extent than final partial ROM, most likely due to stretch tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]