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The purpose of the paper was to assess the impact of climate changes on agricultural development and food security in Ukraine and Slovakia using statistical data from Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic, State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Eurostat, Food and Agriculture Organization and other sources. The comparison method was used to evaluate changes in agricultural development indicators, as well as climate changes in 1998-2021 in Ukraine and Slovakia. The main indicators of agricultural development used in the research were agricultural raw materials exports(%), agricultural raw materials imports (%), agriculture value added (% of GDP), agriculture value added (annual % growth), agriculture value added (current US$), cereal production (metric tons), cereal yield (kg per hectare), crop production index, food production index. Correlation and regression equations were used to establish the relationship between climatic factors and agricultural development indicators. The multiple correlations between air temperature and indicators of agricultural development was r=0.75 for Ukraine, r=0.69 for Slovakia. Using neuromodeling tools, the indicators of cereal production volumes and cereals yields in Ukraine and Slovakia in 2024-2033 were predicted. Tables were used to summarize the results. In conclusion, it should be noted that climatic conditions should be analyzed in each sector of crop production, and measures should be taken to adapt technologies for the gradual expansion of obligations for the production and export of agricultural products to world markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of the scientific and intellectual potential of the agri-food complex contributes to the achievement of sustainable socio-economic growth. The article proposes models for the development of the scientific and intellectual potential of the Russian agri-food complex. An analysis of the activities of existing institutes for the development of agricultural scientific research was carried out. The assessment of the state of scientific and intellectual potential was carried out on the basis of cross-country comparisons of indicators of the number of researchers and expenditures on research and development. Empirically, imbalances were identified between the number of researchers and internal R&D costs. The positive experience of forming the scientific and intellectual potential of countries with developed market economies has been systematized, priority directions and stimulation of innovation and investment development have been identified. The practical significance of the research results lies in increasing the efficiency of agricultural production based on the development of scientific and intellectual potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural sector of the Republic of Moldova is strongly relying on the crop production sector, which has been holding an average share of about 70% of the total agricultural output, being followed by livestock sector and services. Crop sector's importance is determined through its contribution to ensuring food security, provision of raw material for the food processing sector and also support to the livestock's sector development. Therefore, the paper aims to evaluate the current development trends of the sector, by emphasizing its achievements on the foreign markets through assessment of its competitiveness. The used methodology is based on the scientific research methods like comparative analysis, synthesis, sectoral SWOT analysis and calculation of several competitiveness indices like Revealed Comparative Advantage, Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage, Trade Specialization Index and Grubel-Lloyd Index. The results present a continuous development of the sector with the need for production diversification and a competitive advantage on external markets for mostly raw material products like oil seeds, edible fruits and nuts, cereals, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technical bonitation work was carried out based on soil mapping in the reference area, identifying the typical preluvosoil, the typical luvosoil and the gleic alluviosoil as the main soil units. The soils identified and evaluated in these natural conditions are characterized by morphological, physical, hydro physical and chemical properties, specific to the hilly area. Based on the physical-chemical properties, the evaluation of the main identified soils was carried out, in terms of their favorability for different plants grown in the area, by establishing bonitation marks and favorability classes. It was found that the highest bonitation marks (over 50 points) and the lowest favorability classes (III, IV and V) were obtained by the gleic alluviosoil, followed by the typical preluvosoil, and the lowest bonitation marks and the highest favored classes are recorded for the typical luvosoil. The estimation of the productions that can be obtained by the specific crops in this area, are according to the value of the bonitation marks obtained in natural conditions, with the 3 researched soil types. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the effects of land consolidation works carried out in Cihanbeyli district to provide solutions to important structural problems in Turkey's agricultural enterprise structure. The aim of the research is to evaluate in detail the socioeconomic effects of the consolidation process on farmers' land holdings and number of parcels and the legal dimensions of the process. The study was carried out using multi-layered data sources such as land registry and cadastral records, court cases and field observations, as well as surveys conducted with 26 farmers in villages such as Damlakuyu, Karatepe, Sağlık, Ülerziktepe and Taşpınar in Cihanbeyli district. The research was supported by various statistical tests such as regression analyzes and Wilcoxon Sign Test using the SPSS version 25 statistical package program. Analyzes revealed that there is a significant relationship between factors such as education level, agricultural experience and number of tractors and changes in farmers' land holdings and number of parcels after land consolidation. Satisfaction levels were found to be closely related to the success of the land management and consolidation process, and it was also emphasized that cooperative membership and participation in agricultural training programs were effective in the success of this process. Findings highlight challenges and opportunities associated with land consolidation, including concerns about property rights, legal disputes, and infrastructure development. Despite some dissatisfaction among farmers, the research underscores the potential of consolidation in enhancing agricultural productivity and informing policy decisions for rural development strategies. The study provides valuable insights into the development of agricultural policies and rural development strategies and guide policy makers and practitioners for the effective management of consolidation processes. The research provides a scientific basis for future applications by illuminating the factors that will increase farmer satisfaction and the effectiveness of the consolidation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean is a crop with major benefits for the environment, under the conditions of using good agricultural practices, by fixing atmospheric nitrogen which reduces fertilization with mineral nitrogen and its leaching. The integration of soybean in the crop rotation is beneficial and can create conditions for its relaunch and long-term viability so that European consumption can be covered and the dependence on imports can be reduced. The case study carried out on two farms in Romania, South - Muntenia Region, highlighted that, under irrigation conditions, this crop had productions of over 4,000 kg/ha. The capitalization price increased during the analysis period, so the farms recorded a positive and ascending result in the period 2019-2021, except the 600 ha farm, which in 2019, recorded a loss because the crop was not irrigated and the production average (1,712 kg/ha) was insufficient for profit obtaining. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of the scientific and intellectual potential of the agricultural sector of the economy is undoubtedly a vector of sustainable development. The purpose of the article is to study the theory and methodology of factor analysis of the development of scientific and intellectual potential at the macro, meso and micro levels. A study of human resources in the agricultural sector was conducted from the perspective of improving human resources and research forces of society. Cross-country comparisons have been made of the area of agricultural land and the value of gross added value of agriculture in different countries, which may indicate an appropriate level of scientific and technological development of the agricultural sector of the economy. The article classifies positive and negative socio-economic, technological, demographic and organizational factors. Measures are proposed for the use of scientific and intellectual potential in agricultural production as a driver of scientific and technological development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between farmers' investment activity and debt structure in order to bring out the factors mediating the outcome. Overleveraging is one of the most serious problems faced by the Bulgarian farmers due to the high levels of competition in the EU. This research is based on a stratified random sample of 5% (2,985 observations) on farms in the agricultural sector encompassing the sub-sectors crop production, livestock production and auxiliary activities, with a research horizon of five years. A fixed-effect panel threshold regression analysis is used. The obtained results show that where the debt level is high, this has a negative impact on the investment activity of the farms in the agriculture sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Avocado cultivation holds substantial economic significance within tropical fruit production, prompting this research to investigate farmers' attitudes and behaviours concerning fertiliser and pesticide usage. Data were gathered through a survey conducted across 75 avocado farms in the Antalya districts of Alanya, Manavgat, Aksu, and Gazipaşa. The results highlighted that the primary challenge faced in chemical fertiliser use was predominantly due to high fertiliser prices (90.7%). Additionally, 76% of respondents expressed their intent to increase fertiliser application, given sufficient economic resources. However, only 25.3% of producers agreed that augmenting fertiliser usage would enhance yields. Regarding pesticide disposal methods, most growers disposed of pesticide packages through burning (60%), while nearly half of them identified collecting and reusing as the optimal approach for pesticide packaging disposal. The majority of producers acknowledge the detrimental environmental impact of excessive chemical usage. Nonetheless, their persistent use of these chemicals and improper disposal methods for leftover chemicals and packaging reveal inadequate awareness of environmental concerns. Similar to fertilisation, issues about agricultural pesticide supply were predominantly centred on the exorbitant rise in prices (94.7%), followed by inadequate spraying equipment (6.7%) and insufficient credit for pesticide procurement (5.3%). Consequently, providing financial support through incentive programmes, subsidies, or low-interest loan opportunities is imperative to mitigate costs associated with fertiliser and pesticide purchases. Simultaneously, developing environmentally conscious agricultural policies, reinforced by legal regulations, is crucial for monitoring and controlling the use of fertilisers and pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]