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In "Truth by Analysis: Games, Names, and Philosophy," Colin McGinn seeks to revitalize the traditional approach to conceptual analysis. He asserts that the definition of a concept involves specifying necessary and sufficient conditions for its application, a task he deems achievable. In pursuit of this goal, McGinn critiques opposing perspectives, including that of Wittgenstein. He explores various ways to define the concept of game, and at his best, he relies on Bernard Suits' definition. This paper argues that McGinn's attempts fall short and affirms the significance of Wittgenstein's insight. It critiques all definitions put forth by McGinn, particularly that of Suits, presenting counterexamples to challenge them. Furthermore, the paper uncovers deeper misconceptions underlying these criticisms: McGinn expects family resemblance to serve as both the necessary and sufficient conditions for applying a concept and perceives it as a theory explaining how concepts refer to their extensions, contrasting with Wittgenstein, who does not aim to develop a theory and does not propose family resemblance as a sufficient condition for a concept's application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine Putnam's views on the application of quantum logic is the aim of this paper. Hilary Putnam defends quantum logic in his works. According to him, classical logic cannot answer the problems arising in quantum mechanics. Therefore, we need to present a non-classical logic, namely quantum logic. Putnam argues three main reasons for the transition from classical logic to quantum: I. to be false some of the necessary truths of logic, II. have to change of logic, III. the pattern of three-valued logic. Putnam's views about this transition to quantum logic can be considered from several points: First, despite Putnam's criticism of classical logic, he defends quantum logic through the rules of classical logic. Second, it is a bulky claim to know of quantum logic as "true" logic. Third, the conclusions of the Cartesian product have changed in Putnam's analysis. Fourth, in his logic system, Putnam pays attention to "intuition" instead of relying on "axioms." Fifth, the middle value of truth is ineffective and erroneous in quantum logic. Despite these criticisms, many of them can be answered analytically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to Martin Heidegger, the work of art reveals the truth. But this is not in every work of art, but only in a real art! But which work has the possibility of accepting the title of a real art? Heidegger himself has mentioned some of these works. But how can a criterion be extracted from The Origin of the Work of Art? A criterion that can assess whether the work has the ability to approach what Heidegger calls a work of art? Can this criterion be applied to artistic mediums, other than what Heidegger himself discussed? Medium like cinema? In this research, we have tried to provide a criterion for evaluating the film; The terms of this criterion are: non-representation, nonabstraction from everydayness and non-belonging. In the continuation of the research, just to reveal the proposed criterion, the movie The Wind Will Carry Us directed by Abbas Kiarostami was discussed and the criterion terms were evaluated for that movie. This film satisfies the terms of criterion. Based on this, it can be said that based on Heidegger's thought, a criterion can be obtained regarding artistic medium such as cinema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]