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Background: Effective systemic therapy remains limited for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), particularly after prior failed treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Theoretically, a combination of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) with ICIs may restore immunotherapy sensitivity. Methods: In this phase 1b study, patients received AL2846, an antiangiogenic TKI with multiple targets (c‐MET, VEGFR1, c‐KIT, Axl, RET, KDR, and VEGFR3), in combination with an anti–PD‐L1 antibody (TQB2450) until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, death, or discontinuation for any cause. The primary end points included overall response rate (ORR) and safety, with secondary end points encompassing progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), disease control rate (DCR), and duration of response. Results: Between November 2021 and September 2022, 18 patients with ESCC and 15 patients with HCC, whose ORR was 11.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.1%–32.8%) and 0%, respectively, were enrolled. Adverse events (AEs) of any grade and treatment‐related AEs were documented in 32 patients (97.0%) and 31 patients (93.9%), respectively. Grade 3 or higher AEs were observed in 10 patients (30.3%), with vomiting (6.1%) and infectious pneumonia (9.1%) being the most prevalent. Median PFS and OS values were 3.22 months (95% CI, 1.35–5.68 months) and 5.98 months (95% CI, 3.71–8.87 months), respectively, in patients with ESCC, and 5.55 months (95% CI, 2.66 months to not evaluable [NE]) and 16.72 months (95% CI, 4.86 months to NE), respectively, in patients with HCC. The DCRs were 66.7% (95% CI, 43.75%–83.72%) in patients with ESCC and 73.3% (95% CI, 48.05%–89.10%) in patients with HCC. Conclusions: Combined TQB2450 and AL2846 therapy exhibited a favorable safety profile in immunotherapy‐refractory patients with advanced ESCC and HCC. This single‐arm, multicenter, open‐label, phase 1b cohort trial aimed to estimate the safety and efficacy of anti–PD‐L1 antibody TQB2450 and tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor AL2846 combination therapy in patients with immunotherapy‐refractory advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The combination therapy exhibited a favorable safety profile in immunotherapy‐refractory patients with advanced ESCC and HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking new cathode chemistry with high onset potential and compatibility with electrolytes has become a challenge for aqueous Zn ion batteries. Anion intercalation in graphite (4.5 V vs Li+/Li) possesses the potentiality but usually shows a competitive relationship with oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in aqueous solutions. Herein, a decoupled design is proposed to optimize a full utilization of perchlorate ion intercalation in graphite cathode by pH adjustment. Benefiting from the decoupled design, high Coulombic efficiency is obtained by decelerating the kinetic of OER in acidic media. The decoupled Zn‐graphite battery exhibits a wide potential window of 2.01 V, as well as an attractive energy density of 231 Wh kg−1. In addition, a Zn‐graphite battery with SO42−${\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2 - }$ insertion is assembled, which demonstrates the capability of the proposed decoupled strategy to integrate novel electrode chemistries for high‐performance aqueous Zn‐based energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MCD (MYD88L265P/CD79Bmut) diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma has a poor prognosis. There is no published clinical research conclusion regarding zanubrutinib or orelabrutinib for the initial treatment of MCD DLBCL. Aims: This study aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) (zanubrutinib or orelabrutinib) therapy for newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with MYD88mut and/or CD79Bmut. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐three newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with MYD88mut and/or CD79Bmut from June 2020 to June 2022 received BTKi combined with rituximab plus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (R‐CHOP) or rituximab + lenalidomide (R2). A control group of 17 patients with MYD88mut and/or CD79Bmut DLBCL who received the standard R‐CHOP therapy was also assessed. We retrospectively analysed clinical characteristics, safety, overall response rate (ORR), complete response (CR) rate and progression‐free survival (PFS) of the two groups. Results: The main clinical features were a high International Prognostic Index (IPI) score (≥3, 22/40, 55%) and a high rate of extranodal involvement (27/40,67.5%). Among the 23 DLBCL patients, 18 received BTKi + R‐CHOP, and five elderly DLBCL patients were treated with BTKi + R2. Compared with those in the control group (ORR 70.6%, CRR 52.9%, 1‐year PFS rate 41.2%), improved ORR, CRR and PFS results were observed in the BTKi + R‐CHOP group (100%, 94.4% and 88.9%, p = 0.019, 0.007, and 0.0001). In subgroup analyses based on genetic subtypes, cell origin, dual expression or IPI score, patients in the BTKi + R‐CHOP group had better PFS than patients in the control group. In the BTKi + R‐CHOP group, no significant difference was found in ORR, CRR and PFS based on subtype analysis, while BTKi‐type subgroups exhibited statistically significant differences in 1‐year PFS (p = 0.028). There were no significant differences in grade 3–4 haematological toxicity (p = 1) and grade 3–4 non‐haematological toxicity (p = 0.49) between the BTKi + R‐CHOP and R‐CHOP treatment groups. In the BTKi + R2 group, the ORR was 100%, the CRR was 80%, and the 1‐year PFS rate was 80%. The incidences of grade 3–4 haematologic toxicity and non‐haematological toxicity were both 40%. No bleeding or cardiovascular events of grade 3 or higher occurred in any patients. Discussion: The efficacy of BTKi combined with R‐CHOP was similar to previous reports, which was significantly better than R‐CHOP alone. It is necessary to fully consider that 14 patients in the BTKi + R‐CHOP group received a BTKi as maintenance therapy when evaluating efficacy. Meanwhile, the addition of a BTKi may improve the prognosis of non‐GCB, DEL or high‐IPI‐score DLBCL patients with MYD88mut and/or CD79Bmut. In our study, five elderly DLBCL patients with MYD88mut and/or CD79Bmut were achieved better ORR, CRR, PFS than the historical data of R‐miniCHOP treatment and Ibrutinib + R2 treatment. However, the efficacy and benefit of BTKis for this type of DLBCL need to be further analysed using a larger sample size. Conclusion: This study suggests that newly diagnosed DLBCL patients with MYD88mut and/or CD79Bmut may benefit from BTKis according to real‐world clinical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ion‐endohedral‐fullerene has attracted growing interest due to the unique electronic and structural characteristics arising from its distinctive ionic nature. Although there has been only one reported ion‐encapsulated fullerene, Li+@C60, a significant number of fundamental and applied studies have been conducted, making a substantial impact not only in chemistry and physics but also across various interdisciplinary research fields. Nevertheless, studies on ion‐endohedral fullerenes are still in their infancy due to the limitations in variety, and hence, it remains an open question how the size and symmetry of fullerene, as well as the motion and position of the encapsulated ion, affect their physical/chemical properties. Herein, we report the synthesis of lithium‐ion‐endohedral [70]fullerene (Li+@C70 X−, X=PF6− and TFSI−), a novel ionic endohedral fullerene. X‐ray crystallography confirmed the encapsulation of Li+ by C70 cage as well as its ion‐pair structure stabilized by external TFSI− counter anion. The encapsulated Li+ drastically lowered the orbital energy of the C70 cage by Coulomb interactions but did not affect the orbital energy gap and degeneracy. DFT studies were also performed, which supported the experimentally observed electronic effects caused by the encapsulated Li+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modulation of the microenvironment on the electrode surface is one of the effective means to improve the efficiency of electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction (eCO2RR). To achieve high conversion rates, the phase boundary at the electrode surface should be finely controlled to overcome the limitation of CO2 solubility in the aqueous electrolyte. Herein, we developed a simple and efficient method to structure electrocatalyst with a superhydrophobic surface microenvironment by one‐step co‐electrodeposition of Cu and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) on carbon paper. The super‐hydrophobic Cu‐based electrode displayed a high ethylene (C2H4) selectivity with a Faraday efficiency (FE) of 67.3 % at −1.25 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) in an H‐type cell, which is 2.5 times higher than a regular Cu electrode without PTFE. By using PTFE as a surface modifier, the activity of eCO2RR is enhanced and water (proton) adsorption is inhibited. This strategy has the potential to be applied to other gas‐conversion electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anion intercalation in graphite is deemed as a promising electrode chemistry in aqueous energy storage systems due to its high onset potential. Given the limited space in graphite, multivalent anions are favorable to achieve high specific capacity. However, relevant studies are scarce so that fundamental understandings of multivalent anion intercalation remain unclear. Herein, the intercalation behaviors of ClO4−, SO42−, and PO43− in graphite are systematically investigated. High capacity and interaction between anion and graphite are proved to be contradictory as the electric charge increases. As a result, ClO4− and SO42− intercalation exhibits promising performance in primitive graphite, while PO43− intercalation is much restricted due to the intensified electronic interaction. Two Zn–graphite dual‐ion batteries based on ClO4− and SO42− intercalations display high voltages of 1.85 V, and specific energies of 106 and 112 Wh kg−1. This work provides fundamental understandings of multivalent anion intercalation and guidance to fabricate aqueous batteries (ABs) with high energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]