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Hyperuricemia is an essential risk factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD), while urate‐lowering therapy to prevent or delay CKD is controversial. Alternatively activated macrophages in response to local microenvironment play diverse roles in kidney diseases. Here, we aim to investigate whether and how macrophage integrin αM (ITGAM) contributes to hyperuricemia‐related CKD. In vivo, we explored dynamic characteristics of renal tissue in hyperuricemia‐related CKD mice. By incorporating transcriptomics and phosphoproteomics data, we analyzed gene expression profile, hub genes and potential pathways. In vitro, we validated bioinformatic findings under different conditions with interventions corresponding to core nodes. We found that hyperuricemia‐related CKD was characterized by elevated serum uric acid levels, impaired renal function, activation of macrophage alternative (M2) polarization, and kidney fibrosis. Integrated bioinformatic analyses revealed Itgam as the potential core gene, which was associated with focal adhesion signaling. Notably, we confirmed the upregulated expression of macrophage ITGAM, activated pathway, and macrophage M2 polarization in injured kidneys. In vitro, through silencing Itgam, inhibiting p‐FAK or p‐AKT1 phosphorylation, and concurrent inhibiting of p‐FAK while activating p‐AKT1 all contributed to the modulation of macrophage M2 polarization. Our results indicated targeting macrophage ITGAM might be a promising therapeutic approach for preventing CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleep deprivation (SD) is commonplace in modern society and there are large individual differences in the vulnerability to SD. We aim to identify the structural network differences based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) that contribute to the individual different vulnerability to SD. Methods: The number of psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) lapses was used to classify 49 healthy subjects on the basis of whether they were vulnerable or resistant to SD. DTI and graph theory approaches were used to investigate the topologic organization differences of the brain structural connectome between SD‐vulnerable and ‐resistant individuals. We measured the level of global efficiency and clustering in rich club and non‐rich club organizations. Results: We demonstrated that participants vulnerable to SD had less global efficiency, network strength, and local efficiency but longer shortest path length compared with participants resistant to SD. Lower efficiency was mainly distributed in the right insula, bilateral thalamus, bilateral frontal, temporal, and temporal lobes. Furthermore, a disrupted subnetwork was observed that consisted of widespread connections. Moreover, the vulnerable group showed significantly decreased strength of the rich club compared with the resistant group. The strength of rich club connectivity was found to be correlated negatively with PVT performance (r = −0.395, p = 0.005). We further tested the reliability of the results. Conclusion: The findings revealed that individual differences in resistance to SD are related to disrupted topologic efficiency connectome pattern, and our study may provide potential connectome‐based biomarkers for the early detection of the vulnerable degree to SD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The brain function impairment induced by sleep deprivation (SD) is temporary and can be fully reversed with sufficient sleep. However, in many cases, long‐duration recovery sleep is not feasible. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether a short nap after SD is sufficient to restore brain function. Methods: The data of 38 subjects, including resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data collected at three timepoints (before SD, after 30 h of SD, and after a short nap following SD) and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) data, were collected. Dynamic functional connectivity (DFC) analysis was used to evaluate changes in brain states among three timepoints, and four DFC states were distinguished across the three timepoints. Results: Before SD, state 2 (a resting‐like FC matrix) was dominant (48.26%). However, after 30 h SD, the proportion of state 2 dramatically decreased, and state 3 (still resting‐like, but FCs were weakened) became dominant (40.92%). The increased proportion of state 3 positively correlated with a larger PVT "lapse" time. After a nap, the proportions of states 2 and 3 significantly increased and decreased, respectively, and the change in proportion of state 2 negatively correlated with the change in PVT "lapse" time. Conclusions: Taken together, the results indicated that, after a nap, the cognitive function impairment caused by SD may be reversed to some extent. Additionally, DFC differed among timepoints, which was also associated with the extent of cognitive function impairment after SD (state 3) and the extent of recovery therefrom after a nap (state 2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Membrane separation plays a crucial role in the current increasingly complex energy environment. Membranes prepared by metal–organic framework (MOF) materials usually possess unique advantages in common, such as uniform pore size, ultra‐high porosity, enhanced selectivity and throughput, and excellent adsorption property, which have been contributed to the separation fields. In this comprehensive review, we summarize various designs and synthesized strategies of free‐standing MOF and composite MOF‐based membranes for water treatment. Special emphases are given not only on the effects of MOF on membrane performance, removal efficiencies, and elimination mechanisms, but also on the importance of MOF‐based membranes for the applications of oily and micro‐pollutant removal, adsorption, separation, and catalysis. The challenges and opportunities in the future for the industrial implementation of MOF‐based membranes are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]