Search

CsPbBr3 nanoplates (NPs) have shown great potential in diverse optoelectronic applications. Despite the wonderful luminescence properties, the inherent instability of these NPs hinders their use in practical situations. Herein, a facile water‐assisted strategy is reported to synthesize highly stable blue emission CsPbBr3 NPs encapsulated in PbBr(OH). The introduction of water directly into the reaction mixture is pivotal, as it triggers the transformation of bulk CsPbBr3 nanocubes into 2‐D CsPbBr3 NPs within the PbBr(OH) matrix, resulting in the formation of CsPbBr3@PbBr(OH) microbricks. Remarkably, the water content in the reaction mixture allows the control of the number of perovskite layers in the NPs, thus enabling the emission color to be tuned from deep blue to green. The unconventional approach presented herein not only offers a cost‐effective pathway to synthesize blue‐emitting perovskites which are highly stable in a wide variety of polar and non‐polar solvents, but also holds immense potential for propelling the advancement of high‐performance LEDs and other optoelectronic devices. The findings underscore the significance of water in dictating the growth dynamics and emission characteristics of perovskite NPs, paving the way for their practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantum‐confined perovskite CsPbBr3 Nanoplatelets (NPLs) have recently emerged as promising blue‐emitting materials for perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). Yet, their susceptibility to optical instability in solid films under ambient conditions poses a significant hindrance. This study introduces a novel chelating strategy that utilizes metal manganese ions and multidentate ligands, markedly improving the structural stability, and emission efficiency of NPLs. The approach involves adding Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to the perovskite precursor solution, which allows for strong coordination to surface [PbBr6]4− octahedrons via its multiple chelation sites. Ensuing metal manganese ion integration during the purification phase addresses Pb2+ and Br− site vacancies, culminating in near‐perfect octahedral structures with significantly fewer vacancies. These metal manganese ions are then further immobilized on the NPLs surface by the chelating effect of unbound DTPA functional groups. The resultant CsPbBr3 NPLs films demonstrate an impressive PLQY of 66%, showcasing remarkable air stability with consistent blue emission for up to 5 days. The CsPbBr3 NPLs‐based PeLEDs show electroluminescence at 460 nm with a current efficiency of 1.07 cd A−1 and a maximum luminance of 220 cd m−2. The proposed chelating strategy positions perovskite NPLs as an extremely promising prospect in future applications of high‐definition displays and high‐quality lighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined associations between marital adjustment and children's learning behaviors, as well as the potential mediation effects of maternal involvement and parenting on these associations in Chinese contexts. Background: The family is a vital setting for children's early learning behaviors, encompassing self‐efficacy in learning and approaches to learning. Marital adjustment, as well as maternal involvement and maternal parenting, are crucial factors in the family setting. However, there is a paucity of research on the pathway mechanism between these three family factors and children's early learning behaviors. Method: There were 750 mothers of Chinese preschoolers (48.24% girls, Mage = 5.94 years, SD = 1.43) in three provinces—Fujian, Sichuan, and Xinjiang—who participated in the study. Mothers completed questionnaires related to marital adjustment, maternal involvement, maternal parenting, and children's learning behaviors. Structural equation models were estimated to test the hypothesized paths. Results: The results revealed a positive association between higher marital adjustment and improved children's self‐efficacy in learning (β =.10, p =.004) and approaches to learning (β =.15, p <.001), with maternal involvement (for self‐efficacy, β =.25, p <.001; for approaches to learning, β =.23, p <.001) and parenting (for self‐efficacy, β =.25, p <.001; for approaches to learning, β =.31, p <.001) recognized as significant mediators in this relationship. Conclusions: The study indicated that marital adjustment, maternal involvement, and parenting have significant direct and indirect effects on children's early learning behaviors. Implications: Given the research findings, marital adjustment is worth considering when recognizing children's early learning. Furthermore, parents may be encouraged to understand proper involvement and parenting practices with their children. Briefly, these findings contribute to the existing body of knowledge on how family variables are related to children's learning behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural products are closely associated with human health. Luteolin (LUT), a flavonoid polyphenolic compound, is widely found in fruits, vegetables, flowers, and herbs. It is noteworthy that LUT exhibits a variety of beneficial pharmacological properties and holds significant potential for clinical applications, particularly in antitumor, anti‐convulsion, diabetes control, anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotection, anti‐oxidation, anti‐cardiovascular, and other aspects. The potential mechanism of action has been partially elucidated, including the mediation of NF‐κB, toll‐like receptor, MAPK, Wnt/β‐catenin, PI3K/Akt, AMPK/mTOR, and Nrf‐2, among others. The review that aimed to comprehensively consolidate essential information on natural sources, pharmacological effects, therapeutic and preventive potential, as well as potential mechanisms of LUT. The objective is to establish a theoretical basis for the continued development and application of LUT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) rely on behavioral and dietary flexibility to survive in temperate latitudes at high‐elevation habitats characterized by climate and resource seasonality. However, little is known about how elevation influences their behavioral and dietary flexibility at monthly or seasonal scales. We studied an isolated R. bieti population at Mt. Lasha in the Yunling Provincial Nature Reserve, Yunnan, China, between May 2008 and August 2016 to assess the impacts of elevation on feeding behavior and diet. Across our sample, R. bieti occupied elevations between 3031 and 3637 m above mean sea level (amsl), with a 315.1 m amsl range across months and a 247.3 m amsl range across seasons. Contrary to expectations, individuals spent less time feeding when ranging across higher elevations. Lichen consumption correlated with elevation use across months and seasons, with individuals spending more time feeding on this important resource at higher elevations. Leaf consumption only correlated with elevation use during the spring. Our results suggest that R. bieti do not maximize their food intake at higher elevations and that monthly and seasonal changes in lichen and leaf consumption largely explain variation in elevation use. These findings shed light on the responses of R. bieti to environmental change and offer insight into strategies for conserving their habitats in the face of anthropogenic disturbance. Research Highlights: Black‐and‐white snub‐nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) spend less time feeding in months and seasons when occupying higher‐elevation habitats.Leaves only comprise a higher percentage of the R. bieti diet when occupying higher‐elevation habitats in the spring.Lichen comprise a higher percentage of the R. bieti diet in months and seasons when occupying higher‐elevation habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Over the course of evolution, plants have developed various sophisticated defense mechanisms to resist pests and diseases. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) has an important role in the growth and development of plants and confers tolerance to selected abiotic stressors, such as drought. Previous studies have shown that ABA promotes the deposit of callose in response to piercing/sucking insect pests. The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae Fabricius, causes huge losses in rice and is especially harmful to rice seedlings. RESULTS: Exogenous ABA promoted growth and reduced the feeding behavior of S. avenae nymphs in rice. Our results suggested that enhanced trichome density and increased expression of related genes may be associated with rice resistance to aphids. An analysis of volatiles revealed the production of seven compounds associated with pest resistance. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that ABA reduces aphid feeding in rice. Our findings provide a basis for understanding ABA‐mediated defense responses in rice and provide insights on more environmentally‐friendly approaches to control. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of hypersonic vehicles has raised higher requirements for thermal protection materials, which have become the focus of research on how to meet the lightweight and less ablative. Herein, a yttrium silicate‐coated carbon fiber felts (YS‐CFs) reinforced phenolic aerogel‐like (PR) composites were prepared. The YS‐CFs/PR with the addition of 12 % hexamethylenetetramine exhibited low density (0.540 g/cm3), low thermal conductivity (0.145 W/(m⋅K)), and good thermal stability. Specifically, under an oxyacetylene flame examination with 2.44 MW/m2 heated for 120 s, its mass ablation rates (9.833 mg/s) and line ablation rates (5 μm/s) were decreased by 40.8 % and 32.6 %, respectively, compared to others. The results show that the composites with these combined properties can meet the requirements for thermal protection materials in the field of hypersonic vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy and the follow‐up. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 50 cases of clinically diagnosed heterotopic pregnancy in our hospital was performed, the clinical characteristics and ultrasonographic manifestations of the patients were summarized, the reasons for initial ultrasound missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis were analyzed, and the pregnancy outcomes were followed up. Results: Among the 50 cases, the initial ultrasound diagnoses of intrauterine pregnancy were all gestational sac type, 32 cases of ectopic pregnancy were located in the fallopian tube, and 10 cases were located in the uterine horn, 1 case at cervix, and 1 case at caesarean section scar. Forty‐one cases were consistent with surgery and/or pathology, representing initial ultrasound diagnosis coincidence rate of about 82%. Six cases were missed in the initial ultrasound examination (12%), and three cases were misdiagnosed (6%). The maximum diameter of the intrauterine gestational sac was 9–48 mm, the average was about 24.90 ± 9.56 mm, the maximum diameter of the ectopic pregnancy gestational sac or mass was 11–63 mm, and the average was about 31.45 ± 13.82 mm (p < 0.05). Intrauterine pregnancy outcomes were followed up, 45 patients with complete data and 5 patients were lost to follow‐up. The follow‐up rate was about 90%. Conclusion: Combining the patient's medical history and clinical characteristics can reduce missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of heterotopic pregnancy. Ultrasonography has important value in the assessment of intrauterine pregnancy growth and development, and the integrity of maternal uterus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enormous LysR‐type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs), which are diversely distributed amongst prokaryotes, play crucial roles in transcription regulation of genes involved in basic metabolic pathways, virulence and stress resistance. However, the precise transcription activation mechanism of these genes by LTTRs remains to be explored. Here, we determine the cryo‐EM structure of a LTTR‐dependent transcription activation complex comprising of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase (RNAP), an essential LTTR protein GcvA and its cognate promoter DNA. Structural analysis shows two N‐terminal DNA binding domains of GcvA (GcvA_DBD) dimerize and engage the GcvA activation binding sites, presenting the −35 element for specific recognition with the conserved σ70R4. In particular, the versatile C‐terminal domain of α subunit of RNAP directly interconnects with GcvA_DBD, σ70R4 and promoter DNA, providing more interfaces for stabilizing the complex. Moreover, molecular docking supports glycine as one potential inducer of GcvA, and single molecule photobleaching experiments kinetically visualize the occurrence of tetrameric GcvA‐engaged transcription activation complex as suggested for the other LTTR homologs. Thus, a general model for tetrameric LTTR‐dependent transcription activation is proposed. These findings will provide new structural and functional insights into transcription activation of the essential LTTRs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The poisoning of undesired intermediates or impurities greatly hinders the catalytic performances of noble metal‐based catalysts. Herein, high‐entropy intermetallics i‐(PtPdIrRu)2FeCu (HEI) are constructed to inhibit the strongly adsorbed carbon monoxide intermediates (CO*) during the formic acid oxidation reaction. As probed by multiple‐scaled structural characterizations, HEI nanoparticles are featured with partially negative Pt oxidation states, diluted Pt/Pd/Ir/Ru atomic sites and ultrasmall average size less than 2 nm. Benefiting from the optimized structures, HEI nanoparticles deliver more than 10 times promotion in intrinsic activity than that of pure Pt, and well‐enhanced mass activity/durability than that of ternary i‐Pt2FeCu intermetallics counterpart. In situ infrared spectroscopy manifests that both bridge and top CO* are favored on pure Pt but limited on HEI. Further theoretical elaboration indicates that HEI displayed a much weaker binding of CO* on Pt sites and sluggish diffusion of CO* among different sites, in contrast to pure Pt that CO* bound more strongly and was easy to diffuse on larger Pt atomic ensembles. This work verifies that HEIs are promising catalysts via integrating the merits of intermetallics and high‐entropy alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to investigate a series of transition metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Zr, Nb, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Hf, Ta, Os, Ir, and Pt) as single‐atom components introduced into Ti‐BPDC (BPDC=2,2′‐bipyridine‐5,5′‐dicarboxylic acid) as catalysts (M/Ti‐BPDC) for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2. The results show that Fe/Ti‐BPDC is the most active candidate for CO2 reduction to HCOOH due to its small limiting potential (−0.40 V). Ag, Cr, Mn, Ru, Zr, Nb, Rh, and Cu modified Ti‐BPDC are also active to HCOOH since their limiting potentials are moderate although the reaction mechanisms are different across these materials. Most of the studied catalysts show poor activity and selectivity to CO product because the stability of *COOH/*OCOH intermediates is significantly weaker than *OCHO/*HCOO species. The moderate binding strength of *CO on Pd/Ti‐BPDC is responsible for its superior catalytic activity toward CH3OH generation. Electronic structural analysis was performed to uncover the origin of the activity trend for CO2 reduction to different products on M/Ti‐BPDC. The calculation results indicate that the activity and selectivity of CO2 photoreduction can be effectively tuned by designing single‐atom metal‐based MOF catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of optical waveguide technology, an essential component for creating compact and efficient AR devices, its application in the field of augmented reality (AR) is becoming more and more widespread. When paired with a variety of microdisplay technologies (LCoS, DLP, Micro‐LED), it enables the production of high‐performance AR products. In order to achieve a deeper immersive experience, designs such as large‐angle light‐emitting microdisplay technology and dilated pupil gratings are often used to provide a wider field of view and a larger eyebox (the viewing area where the eye can see the entire image). However, these designs pose challenges because they can exacerbate brightness and color inhomogeneity, disrupting the user's experience. We address this shortcoming by proposing an evaluation model based on the human visual system, which introduces a new method for constructing frequency‐domain filters in a uniform color space and simulates the processing of early human vision , thereby providing a more accurate reflection of human eye perception and a more realistic evaluation of AR display performance. By offering valuable insights and guidance, our model effectively enhances the quality of AR displays, positioning it as an indispensable tool for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the global environmental degradation and intense competition, firms are increasingly resorting to green supply chains to achieve sustainability, and rational decision‐making by managers is unprecedented desired in management supply chain operations management. This study investigates the effect of rational decision‐making in green supply chains on environment, social welfare, and sustainability. Based on a sample of 856 firms that disclose green supply chain, we established a supply chain game theory model consisting of manufacturers and retailers, where retailers are risk averse, and used regression analysis to test hypotheses. We find that the micro‐level empirical evidence on rational decision‐making in green supply chain does exist—namely, rational decision‐making not only has a beneficial effect on the environment and social welfare, but also can improve the sustainability of the supply chain. The results give valuable insights to supply chain management in rational decision‐making and provide application recommendations for managers by constructing a strategic initiative for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Great efforts have been made to boost the performance of electrochemical catalysts by regulating the electronic and geometric structures. However, the electrochemical catalytic properties have entered the bottleneck stage only depend on these methods, especially in alkaline or neutral conditions. It is highly desired to develop new strategy to make robust electrocatalysts. In this study, an atomic Co‐N4 catalyst embedded on nitrogen‐doped 3D hierarchically porous carbon has been prepared via a facile method of calcining the coordination compound. Benefiting from the unique properties of Co single‐atoms, they are coordinated with the heteroatom nitrogen of o‐phenylenediamine and melamine and anchored on the nitrogen‐doped porous carbon carriers. The as‐synthesized Co‐N‐LPC with a maximum Co single‐atom loading of 3.82 wt % features a high specific surface area of 196.6 m2 g−1 and exhibits decently high hydrogen evolution, oxygen evolution and alcohol oxidation catalytic activities in 1.0 mol L−1 KOH electrolyte with competitive overpotentials of 131, 318 and 124 mV at 10 mA cm−2 current density respectively. This study offers a cost‐effective electrocatalyst for water splitting or alcohol oxidation that can be used instead of noble metals in various renewable energy storage and conversion applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the shortcoming of fiber oxidation in a high‐temperature environment and improve the antiablative performance, yttrium silicate is coated on the carbon fibers' surface by the sol‐gel process. In the present work, investigations of the ablation resistance of carbon fiber composites with yttrium silicate coatings (YS‐CFs) prepared by different sol contents and sintering temperatures are reported. The results show that YS‐CFs exhibit excellent ablation resistance in the oxyacetylene test with a heat flow of 1.5 MW/m2. The surface coating of carbon fiber is composed of a mixture of cristobalite, yttrium monosilicate, and yttrium disilicate. The best ceramic coating could be obtained by dipping 20% silica sol and 14% yttrium sol in turn and sintering at 1300°C. In this case, the linear and mass ablation rates reach the minimum values of.667 μm/s and 2.975 mg/s, respectively. YS‐CFs could be used as reinforcements for thermal protection materials in high‐temperature environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unpredictable ice accretion and accumulation phenomena could lead to serious problems and even disastrous accidents. Applying icephobic coatings onto the engineering surfaces could be an effective ice protection method. The icephobicity could be mainly affected by several material strategies, such as wettability, surface topography and surface toughness, etc. Herein, several topographical surfaces (Ni–Cu–P coatings prepared on 304 stainless steel using electroless deposition) are critically investigated to understand the role of surface topography in affecting icephobic performances, including anti‐icing and deicing aspects. The freezing delay tests show that rougher surfaces contribute to longer icing delay in anti‐icing. The ice adhesion strength results indicate that rougher surfaces lead to a more mechanical interlock ice and increase the ice adhesion strength between the ice–solid interfaces. The electrothermal deicing tests indicate that the rough voids introduce large thermal resistance and impede heat conduction, resulting in the increase in detachment duration and energy input in deicing. The rough asperity could introduce air pockets at the surface interfaces, which leads to the difficulty of droplet phase transition. The rough structure also increases the mechanical interlock as well as the thermal resistance and impedes the heat conduction, which deteriorates the deicing ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate and characterize epileptic seizures and electrophysiological features of familial cortical myoclonic tremor with epilepsy (FCMTE) type 1 patients in a large Chinese cohort. Methods: We systematically evaluated 125 FCMTEtype 1 patients carrying the pentanucleotide (TTTCA) repeat expansion in the SAMD12 gene in China. Results: Among the 28 probands, epileptic seizures (96.4%, 27/28) were the most common reason for an initial clinic visit. Ninety‐seven (77.6%, 97/125) patients had experienced seizures. The seizures onset age was 36.5 ± 9.0 years, which was 6.9 years later than cortical tremors. The seizures were largely rare (<1/year, 58.8%) and occasional (1–6/year, 37.1%). Prolonged prodromes were reported in 57.7% (56/97). Thirty‐one patients (24.8%, 31/125) reported photosensitivity history, and 79.5% (31/39) had a photoparoxysmal response. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) were recorded in 69.1% (56/81) of patients. Thirty‐three patients showed generalized IEDs and 72.7% (24/33) were occipitally dominant, while 23 patients presented with focal IEDs with 65.2% (15/23) taking place over the occipital lobe. Overnight EEG of FCMTE patients displayed paradoxical sleep–wake fluctuation, with a higher average IED index of 0.82 ± 0.88/min during wakefulness and a lower IED index of 0.04 ± 0.06/min during non‐rapid eye movement sleep stages I–II. Interpretation: FCMTE type 1 has a benign course of epilepsy and distinct clinical and electrophysiological features. In addition to a positive family history and cortical myoclonus tremor, the seizure prodromes, specific seizure triggers, photosensitivity, distribution of IEDs, and unique fluctuations during sleep–wake cycle are cues for proper genetic testing and an early diagnosis of FCMTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To confirm and investigate why pathological high‐frequency oscillations (pHFOs), including ripples (80–200 Hz) and fast ripples (200–600 Hz), are generated during the UP‐DOWN transition of the slow wave and if information transmission mediated by ripple temporal coupling is disrupted in the seizure‐onset zone (SOZ). Methods: We isolated 217 total units from 175.95 intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) contact‐hours of synchronized macro‐ and microelectrode recordings from 6 patients. Sleep slow oscillation (.1–2 Hz) epochs were identified in the iEEG recording. iEEG HFOs that occurred superimposed on the slow wave were transformed to phasors and adjusted by the phase of maximum firing in nearby units (i.e., maximum UP). We tested whether, in the SOZ, HFOs and associated action potentials (APs) occur more often at the UP‐DOWN transition. We also examined ripple temporal correlations using cross‐correlograms. Results: At the group level in the SOZ, HFO and HFO‐associated AP probability was highest during the UP‐DOWN transition of slow wave excitability (p < <.001). In the non‐SOZ, HFO and HFO‐associated AP was highest during the DOWN‐UP transition (p < <.001). At the unit level in the SOZ, 15.6% and 20% of units exhibited more robust firing during ripples (Cohen's d =.11–.83) and fast ripples (d =.36–.90) at the UP‐DOWN transition (p <.05 f.d.r. corrected), respectively. By comparison, also in the SOZ, 6.6% (d =.14–.30) and 8.5% (d =.33–.41) of units had significantly less firing during ripples and fast ripples at the UP‐DOWN transition, respectively. Additional data shows that ripple and fast ripple temporal correlations, involving global slow waves, between the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and parahippocampal gyrus were reduced by >50% in the SOZ compared to the non‐SOZ (N = 3). Significance: The UP‐DOWN transition of slow wave excitability facilitates the activation of pathological neurons to generate pHFOs. Ripple temporal correlations across brain regions may be important in memory consolidation and are disrupted in the SOZ, perhaps by pHFO generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustained cardiac hypertrophy damages the heart and weakens cardiac function, often leading to heart failure and even death. Pathological cardiac hypertrophy has become a central therapeutic target for many heart diseases including heart failure. However, the underlying mechanisms of cardiac hypertrophy, especially the involvement of autophagy program, are still ill‐understood. Synaptotagmin‐7 (Syt7), a multifunctional and high‐affinity calcium sensor, plays a pivotal role in asynchronous neurotransmitter release, synaptic facilitation, and vesicle pool regulation during synaptic transmission. However, little is known about whether Syt7 is expressed in the myocardium and involved in the pathogenesis of heart diseases. Here we showed that Syt7 was significantly upregulated in Ang II‐treated hearts and cardiomyocytes. Homozygous syt7 knockout (syt7−/−) mice exhibited significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis and improved cardiac function. We further found that Syt7 exerted a pro‐hypertrophic effect by suppressing the autophagy process. In exploring the upstream mechanisms, microRNA (miR)‐93 was identified to participate in the regulation of Syt7 expression. miR‐93 protected hearts against Ang II‐induced hypertrophy through targeting Syt7‐autophagy pathway. In summary, our data reveal a new cardiac hypertrophy regulator and a novel hypertrophy regulating model composed of miR‐93, Syt7 and autophagy program. These molecules may serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the growing challenge of an aging population, addressing the needs of elderly individuals who face living difficulties and lack family support becomes increasingly difficult. Volunteer services are crucial in this context, yet their effectiveness is hindered by unclear service scopes and uncertain volunteer inclinations. Aim: To explore the role and specific preference of volunteers with nursing backgrounds in support of older adults living in the urban community. Design, Setting and Participants: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted between September and October 2022. Twenty‐three participants (hospital nurses [10], community nurses [4], nursing teachers [4] and nursing students [5]) were selected. Data analysis followed conventional content analysis. Results: Nine major themes were identified based on interview data. Four themes described the service scope of nursing volunteers: (1) environment domain, (2) physiological domain, (3) psychosocial domain and (4) health‐related behaviours domain. Another five themes highlighted the service inclination of these volunteers: (1) service frequency, (2) service duration per person/time, (3) service coverage, (4) service place and (5) service object. Conclusion: This study clarifies the service focus and scope of necessary support for volunteers, exploring the potential service capabilities of scarce volunteers to the greatest extent. Meanwhile, the results of this study also provide a foundation for stakeholders to fully exploit the synergy. The important findings of this study will help the government and relevant authorities better understand the service attributes of nursing volunteers, allowing them to develop detailed training plans and provide nursing volunteers with targeted support and assistance to meet the health expectations of urban community‐living older adults in need. Patient or Public Contribution: Developing research questions, participation and conduct and provision and interpretation of evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the variability in the Hadley circulation (HC) changes is crucial for understanding ocean‐atmosphere interactions. In this study, the variability in the boreal winter HC in the last 4 decades is explored using multiple reanalyzes and model simulations. The results show that regime shift occurred in the leading mode of HC variability. The primary mode of the recent HC is dominated by an equatorially symmetrical pattern, which was considered the second mode in previous studies. The regime shift in HC variability is mainly due to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which explains both the spatiotemporal variation and formation of HC variability. Moreover, the abilities of the models to reproduce HC variability is subject to their ability to simulate ENSO variability, suggesting that the ENSO has become a more important modulator of the HC variability in recent decades, and additional research is warranted to evaluate future climate changes and potential effects on the HC. Plain Language Summary: The Hadley circulation (HC) has significant regulatory impacts on tropical and extratropical interactions. As a thermal‐dynamical circulation, the variability in the HC exhibits a substantial correlation with the underlying thermal conditions. However, strong interdecadal variations have been observed in the tropical sea surface temperature (SST) around 1976/1977, particularly in the SST related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The HC variability after 1977 is still unknown. We investigate the spatial‐temporal variation in the boreal winter HC during the period of 1980–2020. The results show that the primary dominant mode (EOF1) of the HC presents an equatorially symmetrical structure with ascension around the equator. This pattern corresponds to the second dominant mode in preceding studies. The different result indicates that a regime shift in HC variability has occurred. We find that the formation of EOF1 is due to the enhanced variation in ENSO, which explains the spatial‐temporal variations in EOF1. This result is further confirmed in model simulations, highlighting a more important role of the ENSO on the HC in recent decades. These results deepen our understanding of HC variability and emphasize the important climatic effects of the ENSO, which is of great interest because more severe ENSO events are projected for the future. Key Points: The principal mode of boreal winter Hadley circulation (HC) during recent 4 decades shows a regime shift and is dominated by an equatorially symmetrical patternThe strengthened El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) explains the spatiotemporal variation and regime shift of the HC variabilityModel simulations indicate that their ability to reproduce the ENSO variability is a key factor in determining HC variability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is concerned with the spatiotemporal propagation phenomena for a time‐periodic reaction‐diffusion susceptible‐infectious (SI) epidemic model with treatment in terms of the asymptotic speed of spread and periodic traveling waves. First, the asymptotic speed of spread c∗$c^*$ is characterized and the spreading properties of the model are analyzed by combining the periodic principal eigenvalue problem, comparison method, and the uniform persistence idea for a dynamical system. Second, by constructing suitable super‐ and subsolutions for truncation problems corresponding to the traveling wave system, the existence of periodic traveling waves is established via the fixed point theorem twice. It turned out that the asymptotic speed of spread coincides with the minimum wave speed of periodic traveling waves. Finally, via numerical simulation, the effects of some important parameters (such as diffusion rate, treatment rate, etc.) on the spreading speed are discussed, and the asymptotic properties of the periodic traveling waves are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical strategy, developmental and seizure outcomes, and predictors of surgical outcome in children with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) under 3 years old. Methods: One hundred thirteen consecutive children younger than 3 years of age with DRE underwent curative surgical treatment after multidisciplinary preoperative evaluation using the strategy developed in the pediatric epilepsy center of Peking University First Hospital (PKFHPEC) between 2014 and 2018. These patients were selected for retrospective study. The relevant clinical data were collected and analyzed. The surgical prognoses were classified using the Engel classification, and the developmental assessment results were collected. Statistical analysis of the clinical data was performed to analyze the predictors of seizure outcomes and their correlation with developmental outcomes. Results: All the patients were followed up for more than 3 years, and 98 (86.7%) patients had no seizure recurrence. One year after surgery, the seizure‐free rate was 86.7%, which was as high as that at the last follow‐up. Cortical dysplasia was the most frequent etiology of DRE in this cohort, accounting for 77.0%. According to the Engel classification, acute postoperative seizure (APOS; p < 0.001) was a predictor of seizure recurrence. No deaths occurred. No unpredicted long‐term severe complications occurred except for one ventricular peritoneal shunt. The patients' neurodevelopmental statuses were improved after successful surgery, while the scores of the pre‐ and postoperative developmental assessments were closely correlated. Conclusions: For children who are younger than 3 years old and have DRE and structural abnormalities, early curative treatment can lead to long‐term good seizure outcomes and a low complication rate. The development of appropriate strategies for both presurgical evaluation and resection is crucial for the success of surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative all‐metal self‐support microwave metamaterial absorber (MMA) based on a continuous complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) array frequency selective surface (FSS) is constructed. The CSRR‐based FSS has a selected frequency of 23 GHz and is proved to be polarization insensitive. And the all‐metal MMA has the same response frequency as the FSS, showing convenience in the geometrical scaling process. Additionally, in both transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes, the all‐metal MMA shows stable response at oblique incidences with an incident angle as large as 50°. Along with lightweight, easy fabrication and high cost‐performance ratio, the new proposed all‐metal FSS‐based MMA has good potential to serve in many practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Methods Results Conclusions The International AIH Pathology Group (IAIH‐PG) put forward the new histological criteria of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in 2022, which have not undergone adequate verification. In this study, we verified the applicability of the new histological criteria in the population of Chinese patients with chronic liver disease, comparing it with the simplified criteria.The gold standard for diagnosis in all patients was based on histological findings, combined with clinical manifestations and laboratory tests and determined after a follow‐up period of at least 3 years. A total of 640 patients with various chronic liver diseases from multiple centres underwent scoring using the new histological criteria and the simplified criteria, comparing their diagnostic performance.In this study, the new histological criteria showed a sensitivity of 73.6% and 100% for likely and possible AIH, with specificities of 100% and 69.0% respectively. The coincidence rates of possible AIH for the new histological criteria, simplified histological criteria and simplified score were 81.7%, 72.8% and 69.7% respectively. For likely AIH, the rates were 89.2%, 75.9% and 65.6% respectively. Based on the new histological criteria, all patients with AIH were correctly diagnosed. Specifically, 73.6% were diagnosed with likely AIH and 26.4% were possible AIH. Additionally, the simplified histological criteria achieved a diagnosis rate of 98.6% for AIH, while the simplified score could only diagnose 53.8% of AIH.Compared with the simplified score and simplified histological criteria, the sensitivity and specificity of the new histological criteria for AIH were significantly improved. The results indicate that the new histological criteria exhibit high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing AIH in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Method Results Interpretation To investigate the developmental effects of epilepsy surgery in young children.This study retrospectively reviewed 315 consecutive children under 3 years of age, and ultimately included 89 children (48 males, 41 females) with pre‐ and postsurgery developmental evaluations.The mean general quotient before surgery was 46.7 (SD 24.7). Before surgery, the general quotient decreased in 77.6% of patients, while after surgery it increased in 55.1%. Furthermore, 70% of those 20 patients whose presurgical general quotient decreased by more than 10 points experienced positive changes. General quotient scores decreased in 15 out of the 22 patients classified in the normal/marginal presurgical category. Children who underwent surgery before the age of 12 months had a median gain in general quotient score by 7.6. Short‐term general quotient scores were highly correlated with long‐term scores (r = 0.909, p < 0.001).Surgical intervention was more inclined to positively impact developmental trajectories within a short postsurgical period, particularly among those affected by severe epileptic activity. However, in children with relatively typical development, certain developmental setbacks may arise. Postsurgical short‐term developmental outcomes could predict longer‐term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]